Presidency · Presidents

George W. Bush

43rd president · Republican · January 20, 2001 – January 19, 2009

George Walker Bush is an American former politician, businessman, and U.S. Air Force veteran who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)

How to read this

Each card takes a series from one of the site’s Presidency, Congress or Supreme Court pages and shows only the time Bush was in office. Monthly figures run from the month of the inauguration to the month the term ended; a fiscal or calendar year counts for the president who held office for most of its days. Cards whose data begins after 2001 say where it starts, and a card with no data for the term is left out.

These are conditions during a presidency, not a scorecard. Congress, the courts, the Federal Reserve, the business cycle and events abroad move every one of these numbers, and many policies take effect years after they are signed, so a change during a term is not a measure of what the president caused.

All presidents

← Bill Clinton

Barack Obama →

8 yearsIn office2,922 days

1,814Laws signed

291Executive orders

2Justices appointed

Who held power

Party control of Congress

Republicans held both chambers for 4.5 years, one chamber for 1.5 years and neither for 2 years.

111th Congress2009House: Dem.257 D · 178 RSenate: Dem.59 D · 41 R
110th Congress2007–2009House: Dem.233 D · 202 RSenate: Dem.51 D · 49 R
109th Congress2005–2007House: Rep.202 D · 232 R · 1 otherSenate: Rep.45 D · 55 R
108th Congress2003–2005House: Rep.205 D · 229 R · 1 otherSenate: Rep.49 D · 51 R
107th Congress2001–2003House: Rep.212 D · 221 R · 2 otherSenate*: Dem.50 D · 50 R

* The Senate majority changed hands during this Congress; the chip shows the party that held it longer while this president was in office.

Seats are at the start of each Congress. Democrats and Republicans include the independents who caucused with them.

Data notes

Each Congress is clipped to the days this president was in office. A chamber’s majority is the party that held it for most of those days; seat counts are at the start of the Congress, with independents counted with the party they caucused with. From the House and Senate historians’ party divisions.

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Timeline →

Supreme Court appointments

George W. Bush appointed 2 justices: Roberts (2005) and Alito (2005).

Samuel Alito · Associate justiceNominated Nov 10, 2005 · confirmed 58–42
John Roberts · Chief justiceNominated Sep 6, 2005 · confirmed 78–22

Data notes

A justice counts for the president who nominated them (a recess appointment from the day it began, if earlier). An associate justice later made chief by another president, like William Rehnquist, counts as an elevation for the second. Failed and withdrawn nominations are not listed. Dates and Senate votes from the Federal Judicial Center.

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Supreme Court →

Laws and orders

Laws signed

Signed 1,814 laws, 50 of them major laws. Congress enacted 4 more over a veto.

Laws signed per year in office

2001–02 133 → 2008–09 278

By policy area

Commemorations525 (29%)
Land, water & farming324 (18%)
Government, justice & rights238 (13%)
Economy, taxes & trade232 (13%)
Health, education & culture198 (11%)
Defense & foreign affairs157 (9%)
Transport, housing & emergencies93 (5%)
Energy & environment47 (3%)

Data notes

Public laws whose enactment date falls in the term, from Congress.gov (93rd Congress, 1973, on; private laws left out), counted through 2026-10-15. A law enacted over a veto is not counted as signed; a bill that became law without a signature is. A bar is one year in office, from the inauguration to the day before its anniversary. Policy areas are the Congressional Research Service’s, grouped as on the Laws page.

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Laws signed per year in office
Period	Value
2001–02	133
2002–03	247
2003–04	195
2004–05	301
2005–06	168
2006–07	314
2007–08	178
2008–09	278

All laws →

Executive orders

Signed 291 executive orders; the most common topic was government operations (86).

Executive orders per year in office

2001–02 56 → 2008–09 34

By topic

Government operations86 (30%)
National security & defense52 (18%)
Foreign policy48 (16%)
Economy, labor & technology39 (13%)
Health & education28 (10%)
Energy & environment17 (6%)
Immigration & justice11 (4%)
Trade & tariffs7 (2%)
Civil rights & civic life3 (1%)

Data notes

Executive orders signed in the term, from the Federal Register, whose electronic record begins in 1994. Each order has one primary topic, assigned as on the Executive orders page. Counts say how many orders were signed, not how much they did: one order can set up a program or rename an office. A bar is one year in office.

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Executive orders per year in office
Period	Value
2001–02	56
2002–03	29
2003–04	42
2004–05	46
2005–06	25
2006–07	27
2007–08	32
2008–09	34

All executive orders →

Major laws signed

50 of the laws Bush signed are counted as important enactments, newest first, with how each passed the House and Senate.

Passage votesYeaNay

Oct 8, 2008United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancement ActDefense & foreign affairsHouse298–117 (298 yea, 117 nay)Senate86–13 (86 yea, 13 nay)
Oct 3, 2008Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008Health, education & cultureAuthorizes the Secretary of the Treasury (Secretary) to establish the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to purchase troubled assets from any financial institution, in accordance with terms, conditions, policies, and procedures the Secretary develops.House263–171 (263 yea, 171 nay)Senate74–25 (74 yea, 25 nay)
Jul 30, 2008Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008Energy & environmentHouse272–152 (272 yea, 152 nay)Senate72–13 (72 yea, 13 nay)
Jul 10, 2008FISA Amendments Act of 2008Defense & foreign affairsAmends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to add a new title concerning additional procedures for acquiring the communications of certain persons outside the United States.House293–129 (293 yea, 129 nay)Senate69–28 (69 yea, 28 nay)
Jun 30, 2008Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008Economy, taxes & tradeMakes supplemental appropriations for FY2008 to the Department of Agriculture for the Foreign Agricultural Service for grants under the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480) for emergency and nonemergency food assistance to foreign countries.House416–12 (416 yea, 12 nay)Senate92–6 (92 yea, 6 nay)
Feb 13, 2008Economic Stimulus Act of 2008Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Internal Revenue Code to grant tax rebates of the lesser of net income tax liability or $600 to individual taxpayers ($1,200 for married taxpayers filing joint returns).House380–34 (380 yea, 34 nay)Senate81–16 (81 yea, 16 nay)
Dec 19, 2007Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007Energy & environmentAmends federal transportation law to instruct the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary in this title) to prescribe separate average fuel economy standards for passenger and for non-passenger automobiles for model years 2011-2030.House314–100 (314 yea, 100 nay)Senate86–8 (86 yea, 8 nay)
Sep 27, 2007College Cost Reduction and Access ActHealth, education & cultureGrants to Students in Attendance at Institutions of Higher Education - (Sec. 101) Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) to repeal the formula for calculating an individual Pell grant which includes, in part, the sum of the student's tuition.House292–97 (292 yea, 97 nay)Senate79–12 (79 yea, 12 nay)
Sep 14, 2007Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007Government, justice & rightsHouse411–8 (411 yea, 8 nay)Senate83–14 (83 yea, 14 nay)
Aug 3, 2007Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007Transport, housing & emergenciesProvides for implementation of recommendations of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission).House371–40 (371 yea, 40 nay)Senate85–8 (85 yea, 8 nay)
May 25, 2007U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007Economy, taxes & tradeMakes additional FY2007 appropriations to the Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, for commodities supplied in connection with dispositions abroad under Public Law 480 Title II Grants.House280–142 (280 yea, 142 nay)Senate80–14 (80 yea, 14 nay)
Dec 20, 2006Postal Accountability and Enhancement ActGovernment, justice & rightsAmends federal law provisions concerning the Postal Service to add definitions, including the terms postal service, competitive product, market-dominant product, and rates.HouseVoice voteSenateUnanimous consent
Dec 20, 2006Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006Economy, taxes & tradeHouse367–45 (367 yea, 45 nay)Senate79–9 (79 yea, 9 nay)
Dec 18, 2006Henry J. Hyde United States and India Nuclear Cooperation Promotion Act of 2006Defense & foreign affairsHouse330–59 (330 yea, 59 nay)SenateUnanimous consent
Oct 26, 2006Secure Fence Act of 2006Government, justice & rightsHouse283–138 (283 yea, 138 nay)Senate80–19 (80 yea, 19 nay)
Oct 17, 2006Military Commissions Act of 2006Defense & foreign affairsHouse250–170 (250 yea, 170 nay)Senate65–34 (65 yea, 34 nay)
Oct 13, 2006SAFE Port ActTransport, housing & emergenciesHouse409–2 (409 yea, 2 nay)SenateUnanimous consent
Aug 17, 2006Pension Protection Act of 2006Economy, taxes & tradeHouse279–131 (279 yea, 131 nay)Senate93–5 (93 yea, 5 nay)
Dec 30, 2005Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006Defense & foreign affairsHouse308–106 (308 yea, 106 nay)Senate93–0 (93 yea, 0 nay)
Aug 10, 2005SAFETEA-LUTransport, housing & emergenciesHouse412–8 (412 yea, 8 nay)Senate91–4 (91 yea, 4 nay)
Aug 8, 2005Energy Policy Act of 2005Energy & environmentHouse275–156 (275 yea, 156 nay)Senate74–26 (74 yea, 26 nay)
Aug 2, 2005Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation ActEconomy, taxes & tradeHouse217–215 (217 yea, 215 nay)Senate55–45 (55 yea, 45 nay)
Apr 20, 2005Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005Economy, taxes & tradeAmends Federal bankruptcy law to revamp guidelines governing dismissal or conversion of a Chapter 7 liquidation (complete relief in bankruptcy) to one under either Chapter 11 (Reorganization) or Chapter 13 (Adjustment of Debts of an Individual with Regular Income).House302–126 (302 yea, 126 nay)Senate74–25 (74 yea, 25 nay)
Feb 18, 2005Class Action Fairness Act of 2005Government, justice & rightsAmends the Federal judicial code to specify the calculation of contingent and other attorney's fees in proposed class action settlements that provide for the award of coupons to class members.House279–149 (279 yea, 149 nay)Senate72–26 (72 yea, 26 nay)
Dec 17, 2004Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004Defense & foreign affairsAmends the National Security Act of 1947 to establish a Director of National Intelligence (Director), to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.House336–75 (336 yea, 75 nay)Senate89–2 (89 yea, 2 nay)
Oct 22, 2004American Jobs Creation Act of 2004Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Internal Revenue Code to repeal the tax exclusion for extraterritorial income.House280–141 (280 yea, 141 nay)Senate69–17 (69 yea, 17 nay)
Oct 13, 2004Military Construction Appropriations and Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005Defense & foreign affairsHouse374–0 (374 yea, 0 nay)SenateVoice vote
Apr 1, 2004Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004Government, justice & rightsHouse254–163 (254 yea, 163 nay)Senate61–38 (61 yea, 38 nay)
Dec 8, 2003Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003Health, education & cultureMedicare Prescription Drug Benefit (Sec. 101) Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act (SSA) to add a new part D (Voluntary Prescription Drug Benefit Program).House220–215 (220 yea, 215 nay)Senate54–44 (54 yea, 44 nay)
Dec 3, 2003Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003Land, water & farmingHouse286–140 (286 yea, 140 nay)SenateUnanimous consent
Nov 6, 2003Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004Economy, taxes & tradeMakes emergency supplemental appropriations for FY 2004 for military and foreign affairs operations concerning Iraq and Afghanistan, including for Iraqi relief and reconstruction.House298–121 (298 yea, 121 nay)SenateVoice vote
Nov 5, 2003Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003Government, justice & rightsAmends the Federal criminal code to prohibit any physician or other individual from knowingly performing a partial-birth abortion, except when necessary to save the life of a mother whose life is endangered by a physical disorder, illness, or injury.House281–142 (281 yea, 142 nay)Senate64–34 (64 yea, 34 nay)
May 28, 2003Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Internal Revenue Code to accelerate the increase to the $1,000 child tax credit to include 2003 and 2004.House231–200 (231 yea, 200 nay)Senate51–50 (51 yea, 50 nay)
May 27, 2003United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003Defense & foreign affairsRequires the President to establish a comprehensive, integrated, five-year strategy to combat the global spread of HIV and AIDS.HouseVoice voteSenateVoice vote
Nov 27, 2002Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003Defense & foreign affairsHouse366–3 (366 yea, 3 nay)SenateUnanimous consent
Nov 26, 2002Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002Economy, taxes & tradeEstablishes a three-year Terrorism Insurance Program in the Department of the Treasury, administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, to pay the Federal share of compensation for insured losses resulting from acts of terrorism.HouseVoice voteSenate86–11 (86 yea, 11 nay)
Nov 25, 2002Homeland Security Act of 2002Government, justice & rightsHouseUnanimous consentSenate90–9 (90 yea, 9 nay)
Oct 29, 2002Help America Vote Act of 2002Government, justice & rightsDirects the Administrator of General Services to establish a program for payment to each State that intends to use the payment in accordance with specified guidelines for activities to improve the administration of elections for Federal office.House357–48 (357 yea, 48 nay)Senate92–2 (92 yea, 2 nay)
Oct 16, 2002Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002Defense & foreign affairsHouse296–133 (296 yea, 133 nay)Senate77–23 (77 yea, 23 nay)
Aug 6, 2002Trade Act of 2002Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Trade Act of 1974 to reauthorize the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) program through FY 2007 for workers and firms adversely affected by import competition.House215–212 (215 yea, 212 nay)Senate64–34 (64 yea, 34 nay)
Jul 30, 2002Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002Economy, taxes & tradeHouse423–3 (423 yea, 3 nay)Senate99–0 (99 yea, 0 nay)
May 13, 2002Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002Land, water & farmingHouse280–141 (280 yea, 141 nay)Senate64–35 (64 yea, 35 nay)
Mar 27, 2002Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002Government, justice & rightsHouse240–189 (240 yea, 189 nay)Senate60–40 (60 yea, 40 nay)
Jan 8, 2002No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Health, education & cultureAmends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) to revise, reauthorize, and consolidate various programs.House381–41 (381 yea, 41 nay)Senate87–10 (87 yea, 10 nay)
Nov 19, 2001Aviation and Transportation Security ActTransport, housing & emergenciesHouse410–9 (410 yea, 9 nay)SenateVoice vote
Oct 26, 2001USA PATRIOT ActGovernment, justice & rightsUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 - Title I: Enhancing Domestic Security Against Terrorism - Establishes in the Treasury the Counterterrorism Fund.House357–66 (357 yea, 66 nay)Senate98–1 (98 yea, 1 nay)
Sep 22, 2001Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization ActTransport, housing & emergenciesHouseUnanimous consentSenateUnanimous consent
Sep 18, 2001Authorization for Use of Military ForceDefense & foreign affairsHouseUnanimous consentSenate98–0 (98 yea, 0 nay)
Sep 18, 20012001 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United StatesEconomy, taxes & tradeMakes emergency supplemental appropriations for FY 2001 for emergency expenses to respond to the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, to provide assistance to the victims, and to deal with other consequences of the attacks.House422–0 (422 yea, 0 nay)SenateUnanimous consent
Jun 7, 2001Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001Economy, taxes & tradeHouse240–154 (240 yea, 154 nay)Senate58–33 (58 yea, 33 nay)

Data notes

Laws counted as important enactments, the same list the Laws page uses for its “Major law” badge, which explains where it comes from. The list does not yet cover a Congress still in session. Each summary is the first sentence of the Congressional Research Service summary, where one stands alone; votes are each chamber’s final-passage tally, or how it passed without a recorded vote.

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Laws page →

Economy

Misery index

The misery index (unemployment plus inflation) was 7.9 in January 2001 and 7.7 in January 2009, with a high of 11.4 in August 2008.

Misery index

Jan 2001 7.9 → Jan 2009 7.7

Unemployment and inflation

Jan 2001 4.2% → Jan 2009 7.8%

Unemployment rateInflation

Data notes

The misery index adds the unemployment rate to inflation (consumer prices, change from a year earlier) for the same month. Unemployment is the BLS rate, seasonally adjusted, from 1948; inflation is from the consumer price index, from 1948. The first reading is the month the president took office, the last the month the term ended. Both are national averages and are revised.

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Misery index
Period	Value
Jan 2001	7.9
Feb 2001	7.7
Mar 2001	7.3
Apr 2001	7.6
May 2001	7.9
Jun 2001	7.7
Jul 2001	7.3
Aug 2001	7.6
Sep 2001	7.6
Oct 2001	7.4
Nov 2001	7.4
Dec 2001	7.3
Jan 2002	6.9
Feb 2002	6.8
Mar 2002	7.1
Apr 2002	7.5
May 2002	7
Jun 2002	6.9
Jul 2002	7.3
Aug 2002	7.4
Sep 2002	7.2
Oct 2002	7.7
Nov 2002	8.2
Dec 2002	8.5
Jan 2003	8.6
Feb 2003	9
Mar 2003	8.9
Apr 2003	8.2
May 2003	8
Jun 2003	8.2
Jul 2003	8.3
Aug 2003	8.3
Sep 2003	8.5
Oct 2003	8
Nov 2003	7.7
Dec 2003	7.7
Jan 2004	7.7
Feb 2004	7.3
Mar 2004	7.5
Apr 2004	7.9
May 2004	8.5
Jun 2004	8.8
Jul 2004	8.4
Aug 2004	7.9
Sep 2004	7.9
Oct 2004	8.7
Nov 2004	9
Dec 2004	8.7
Jan 2005	8.1
Feb 2005	8.5
Mar 2005	8.4
Apr 2005	8.6
May 2005	8
Jun 2005	7.5
Jul 2005	8.1
Aug 2005	8.5
Sep 2005	9.7
Oct 2005	9.4
Nov 2005	8.3
Dec 2005	8.2
Jan 2006	8.7
Feb 2006	8.4
Mar 2006	8.1
Apr 2006	8.3
May 2006	8.6
Jun 2006	8.8
Jul 2006	8.8
Aug 2006	8.6
Sep 2006	6.5
Oct 2006	5.8
Nov 2006	6.5
Dec 2006	6.9
Jan 2007	6.7
Feb 2007	6.9
Mar 2007	7.2
Apr 2007	7.1
May 2007	7.1
Jun 2007	7.3
Jul 2007	7
Aug 2007	6.5
Sep 2007	7.5
Oct 2007	8.3
Nov 2007	9.1
Dec 2007	9.1
Jan 2008	9.3
Feb 2008	9
Mar 2008	9.1
Apr 2008	8.9
May 2008	9.5
Jun 2008	10.5
Jul 2008	11.3
Aug 2008	11.4
Sep 2008	11.1
Oct 2008	10.2
Nov 2008	7.9
Dec 2008	7.3
Jan 2009	7.7

Unemployment and inflation
Period	Unemployment rate	Inflation
Jan 2001	4.2%	3.7%
Feb 2001	4.2%	3.5%
Mar 2001	4.3%	3%
Apr 2001	4.4%	3.2%
May 2001	4.3%	3.6%
Jun 2001	4.5%	3.2%
Jul 2001	4.6%	2.7%
Aug 2001	4.9%	2.7%
Sep 2001	5%	2.6%
Oct 2001	5.3%	2.1%
Nov 2001	5.5%	1.9%
Dec 2001	5.7%	1.6%
Jan 2002	5.7%	1.2%
Feb 2002	5.7%	1.1%
Mar 2002	5.7%	1.4%
Apr 2002	5.9%	1.6%
May 2002	5.8%	1.2%
Jun 2002	5.8%	1.1%
Jul 2002	5.8%	1.5%
Aug 2002	5.7%	1.7%
Sep 2002	5.7%	1.5%
Oct 2002	5.7%	2%
Nov 2002	5.9%	2.3%
Dec 2002	6%	2.5%
Jan 2003	5.8%	2.8%
Feb 2003	5.9%	3.1%
Mar 2003	5.9%	3%
Apr 2003	6%	2.2%
May 2003	6.1%	1.9%
Jun 2003	6.3%	1.9%
Jul 2003	6.2%	2.1%
Aug 2003	6.1%	2.2%
Sep 2003	6.1%	2.4%
Oct 2003	6%	2%
Nov 2003	5.8%	1.9%
Dec 2003	5.7%	2%
Jan 2004	5.7%	2%
Feb 2004	5.6%	1.7%
Mar 2004	5.8%	1.7%
Apr 2004	5.6%	2.3%
May 2004	5.6%	2.9%
Jun 2004	5.6%	3.2%
Jul 2004	5.5%	2.9%
Aug 2004	5.4%	2.5%
Sep 2004	5.4%	2.5%
Oct 2004	5.5%	3.2%
Nov 2004	5.4%	3.6%
Dec 2004	5.4%	3.3%
Jan 2005	5.3%	2.8%
Feb 2005	5.4%	3.1%
Mar 2005	5.2%	3.2%
Apr 2005	5.2%	3.4%
May 2005	5.1%	2.9%
Jun 2005	5%	2.5%
Jul 2005	5%	3.1%
Aug 2005	4.9%	3.6%
Sep 2005	5%	4.7%
Oct 2005	5%	4.4%
Nov 2005	5%	3.3%
Dec 2005	4.9%	3.3%
Jan 2006	4.7%	4%
Feb 2006	4.8%	3.6%
Mar 2006	4.7%	3.4%
Apr 2006	4.7%	3.6%
May 2006	4.6%	4%
Jun 2006	4.6%	4.2%
Jul 2006	4.7%	4.1%
Aug 2006	4.7%	3.9%
Sep 2006	4.5%	2%
Oct 2006	4.4%	1.4%
Nov 2006	4.5%	2%
Dec 2006	4.4%	2.5%
Jan 2007	4.6%	2.1%
Feb 2007	4.5%	2.4%
Mar 2007	4.4%	2.8%
Apr 2007	4.5%	2.6%
May 2007	4.4%	2.7%
Jun 2007	4.6%	2.7%
Jul 2007	4.7%	2.3%
Aug 2007	4.6%	1.9%
Sep 2007	4.7%	2.8%
Oct 2007	4.7%	3.6%
Nov 2007	4.7%	4.4%
Dec 2007	5%	4.1%
Jan 2008	5%	4.3%
Feb 2008	4.9%	4.1%
Mar 2008	5.1%	4%
Apr 2008	5%	3.9%
May 2008	5.4%	4.1%
Jun 2008	5.6%	4.9%
Jul 2008	5.8%	5.5%
Aug 2008	6.1%	5.3%
Sep 2008	6.1%	5%
Oct 2008	6.5%	3.7%
Nov 2008	6.8%	1.1%
Dec 2008	7.3%	−0%
Jan 2009	7.8%	−0.1%

Economy →

Federal deficit and debt

The federal budget balance, as a share of GDP, was +1.2% in FY2001 and −3.1% in FY2008, with a low of −3.4% in FY2004.

Budget balance, % of GDP

FY2001 +1.2% → FY2008 −3.1%

Public debt, % of GDP

Q1 2001 55.1% → Q1 2009 77.1%

Data notes

The budget balance is the federal surplus (above zero) or deficit (below) as a share of GDP, by fiscal year (July to June through 1976, October to September since); a year counts for the president in office for most of it, though its budget was usually passed the year before. Debt is total public debt as a share of GDP, quarterly from 1966, including debt the government holds in its own trust funds.

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Budget balance, % of GDP
Period	Value
FY2001	+1.2%
FY2002	−1.4%
FY2003	−3.3%
FY2004	−3.4%
FY2005	−2.4%
FY2006	−1.8%
FY2007	−1.1%
FY2008	−3.1%

Public debt, % of GDP
Period	Value
Q1 2001	55.1%
Q2 2001	54%
Q3 2001	54.8%
Q4 2001	55.8%
Q1 2002	55.7%
Q2 2002	56.3%
Q3 2002	56.7%
Q4 2002	57.9%
Q1 2003	57.8%
Q2 2003	59%
Q3 2003	58.6%
Q4 2003	59.4%
Q1 2004	59.8%
Q2 2004	60.1%
Q3 2004	60%
Q4 2004	60.6%
Q1 2005	60.9%
Q2 2005	60.6%
Q3 2005	60.4%
Q4 2005	61.3%
Q1 2006	61.6%
Q2 2006	61.2%
Q3 2006	61.3%
Q4 2006	61.8%
Q1 2007	62.3%
Q2 2007	61.6%
Q3 2007	61.8%
Q4 2007	62.7%
Q1 2008	64.2%
Q2 2008	63.9%
Q3 2008	67.3%
Q4 2008	73.2%
Q1 2009	77.1%

Economy →

Immigration

Green cards and refugees

New green cards numbered 1.06M in FY2001 and 1.11M in FY2008, with a high of 1.27M in FY2006.

Green cards

FY2001 1.06M → FY2008 1.11M

Refugee admissions

FY2001 70k → FY2008 60k

Data notes

Green cards are people who became lawful permanent residents in the fiscal year, from the DHS Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (from FY1977). Refugee admissions are from the State Department’s Refugee Processing Center (from FY1980). A fiscal year counts for the administration in office for most of its days; a hatched bar is preliminary.

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Green cards
Period	Value
FY2001	1,058,902
FY2002	1,059,356
FY2003	703,542
FY2004	957,883
FY2005	1,122,257
FY2006	1,266,129
FY2007	1,052,415
FY2008	1,107,126

Refugee admissions
Period	Value
FY2001	69,886
FY2002	27,131
FY2003	28,403
FY2004	52,873
FY2005	53,813
FY2006	41,223
FY2007	48,282
FY2008	60,191

Immigration →

Removals and border encounters

Removals numbered 189k in FY2001 and 369k in FY2008, with a low of 157k in FY2003.

Removals

FY2001 189k → FY2008 369k

Border encounters

FY2001 1.27M → FY2008 947k

Data notes

Removals are formal deportations: the Immigration and Naturalization Service’s through FY2002 (DHS Yearbook) and ICE’s own count from FY2003 (ICE); the two are not the same measure. Border encounters are Border Patrol apprehensions, plus port-of-entry inadmissibles from FY2004 and Title 42 expulsions in FY2020–23 (CBP); they count events, not people. A hatched bar is preliminary.

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Removals
Period	Value
FY2001	189,030
FY2002	165,170
FY2003	157,080
FY2004	175,106
FY2005	180,189
FY2006	207,776
FY2007	291,060
FY2008	369,221

Border encounters
Period	Value
FY2001	1,266,214
FY2002	955,310
FY2003	931,557
FY2004	1,330,905
FY2005	1,440,275
FY2006	1,296,722
FY2007	1,078,734
FY2008	946,625

Immigration →

The U.S. and the world

Goods trade balance

The monthly goods trade balance was −$39.6B in January 2001 and −$46.7B in January 2009, with a high of −$30.5B in December 2001.

Goods balance, $B a month

Jan 2001 −$39.6B → Jan 2009 −$46.7B

Data notes

The goods trade balance is exports minus imports of goods, in billions of dollars a month, seasonally adjusted, on the Census basis, from 1991 (Census Bureau). Below zero the U.S. imported more goods than it exported. Services are not included. Dollars are not adjusted for inflation, so later years run larger.

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Goods balance, $B a month
Period	Value
Jan 2001	−$39.6B
Feb 2001	−$34.2B
Mar 2001	−$37.5B
Apr 2001	−$35.4B
May 2001	−$31.4B
Jun 2001	−$33.9B
Jul 2001	−$34.4B
Aug 2001	−$32.9B
Sep 2001	−$34.6B
Oct 2001	−$34.3B
Nov 2001	−$33.3B
Dec 2001	−$30.5B
Jan 2002	−$33.5B
Feb 2002	−$35.8B
Mar 2002	−$35.5B
Apr 2002	−$38B
May 2002	−$38.2B
Jun 2002	−$39.1B
Jul 2002	−$38.1B
Aug 2002	−$40.5B
Sep 2002	−$40.7B
Oct 2002	−$38.8B
Nov 2002	−$43.3B
Dec 2002	−$46.7B
Jan 2003	−$44.2B
Feb 2003	−$42.9B
Mar 2003	−$46.3B
Apr 2003	−$44.6B
May 2003	−$44.3B
Jun 2003	−$42.8B
Jul 2003	−$44.4B
Aug 2003	−$42.8B
Sep 2003	−$44.7B
Oct 2003	−$44.8B
Nov 2003	−$43.1B
Dec 2003	−$47.5B
Jan 2004	−$48.2B
Feb 2004	−$48.1B
Mar 2004	−$50.8B
Apr 2004	−$51.5B
May 2004	−$52B
Jun 2004	−$58B
Jul 2004	−$55.3B
Aug 2004	−$56.1B
Sep 2004	−$54.8B
Oct 2004	−$58.6B
Nov 2004	−$62.6B
Dec 2004	−$58.8B
Jan 2005	−$60.4B
Feb 2005	−$62.7B
Mar 2005	−$58.1B
Apr 2005	−$61.6B
May 2005	−$60.6B
Jun 2005	−$62.7B
Jul 2005	−$62.7B
Aug 2005	−$63B
Sep 2005	−$69.7B
Oct 2005	−$72.4B
Nov 2005	−$68.9B
Dec 2005	−$69.5B
Jan 2006	−$72.4B
Feb 2006	−$67.1B
Mar 2006	−$67.5B
Apr 2006	−$68.1B
May 2006	−$70.4B
Jun 2006	−$68.8B
Jul 2006	−$71.9B
Aug 2006	−$73.1B
Sep 2006	−$70.4B
Oct 2006	−$65.1B
Nov 2006	−$64.8B
Dec 2006	−$68.3B
Jan 2007	−$65.2B
Feb 2007	−$66.2B
Mar 2007	−$68.9B
Apr 2007	−$67.1B
May 2007	−$66.7B
Jun 2007	−$67.8B
Jul 2007	−$67.9B
Aug 2007	−$65.9B
Sep 2007	−$66.8B
Oct 2007	−$67.4B
Nov 2007	−$70.8B
Dec 2007	−$68.1B
Jan 2008	−$71B
Feb 2008	−$72B
Mar 2008	−$69.2B
Apr 2008	−$72.4B
May 2008	−$72.9B
Jun 2008	−$71.2B
Jul 2008	−$76B
Aug 2008	−$70B
Sep 2008	−$68.7B
Oct 2008	−$69.1B
Nov 2008	−$52.6B
Dec 2008	−$51.2B
Jan 2009	−$46.7B

Trade →

Foreign aid

Foreign aid disbursed came to $15B in FY2001 and $42.2B in FY2008. Iraq received the most in 4 of those years.

Disbursed, $ billions

FY2001 $15B → FY2008 $42.2B

Data notes

U.S. foreign assistance disbursed in each fiscal year, every country plus regional and global programs, in billions of dollars not adjusted for inflation, from ForeignAssistance.gov (from FY2001). The newest year is incomplete until agencies finish reporting and is hatched. The top recipient counts countries only.

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Disbursed, $ billions
Period	Value
FY2001	$15B
FY2002	$18.6B
FY2003	$23.7B
FY2004	$26.1B
FY2005	$32.8B
FY2006	$32.6B
FY2007	$34.8B
FY2008	$42.2B

Foreign aid →

Security and energy

Troops abroad

Troops stationed abroad numbered 255k in September 2001 and 364k in September 2008, with a high of 503k in September 2005. Iraq hosted the most in 6 of those years.

Active-duty troops abroad

Sep 2001 255k → Sep 2008 364k

Data notes

Active-duty U.S. military personnel stationed outside the United States and its territories (afloat and unassigned included where the source reports them), one snapshot a year (September; June for 1953–56), from the Defense Manpower Data Center’s tables and, for years it did not publish, troopdata. The year in progress shows its latest quarter, hatched. From December 2017 DMDC counts permanent assignments only, so later figures leave out most deployed forces.

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Active-duty troops abroad
Period	Value
Sep 2001	254,846
Sep 2002	230,529
Sep 2003	435,805
Sep 2004	458,475
Sep 2005	503,118
Sep 2006	369,938
Sep 2007	395,371
Sep 2008	364,202

Troops abroad →

Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The reserve held 541M bbl on Jan 26, 2001 and 703M bbl on Jan 23, 2009, with a high of 707M bbl on Aug 8, 2008.

Reserve level, million barrels

Jan 26, 2001 541M bbl → Jan 23, 2009 703M bbl

Data notes

Crude oil held in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve at the end of each week, in millions of barrels, from the Energy Information Administration (from August 1982). Sales, exchanges and refills are authorized by Congress and the executive branch at different times, and many take months to carry out. The Energy page marks each action.

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Reserve level, million barrels
Period	Value
Jan 26, 2001	541M bbl
Feb 2, 2001	542M bbl
Feb 9, 2001	542M bbl
Feb 16, 2001	542M bbl
Feb 23, 2001	542M bbl
Mar 2, 2001	542M bbl
Mar 9, 2001	542M bbl
Mar 16, 2001	542M bbl
Mar 23, 2001	542M bbl
Mar 30, 2001	542M bbl
Apr 6, 2001	542M bbl
Apr 13, 2001	542M bbl
Apr 20, 2001	542M bbl
Apr 27, 2001	542M bbl
May 4, 2001	543M bbl
May 11, 2001	543M bbl
May 18, 2001	543M bbl
May 25, 2001	543M bbl
Jun 1, 2001	543M bbl
Jun 8, 2001	543M bbl
Jun 15, 2001	543M bbl
Jun 22, 2001	543M bbl
Jun 29, 2001	543M bbl
Jul 6, 2001	544M bbl
Jul 13, 2001	544M bbl
Jul 20, 2001	544M bbl
Jul 27, 2001	544M bbl
Aug 3, 2001	544M bbl
Aug 10, 2001	544M bbl
Aug 17, 2001	544M bbl
Aug 24, 2001	544M bbl
Aug 31, 2001	544M bbl
Sep 7, 2001	544M bbl
Sep 14, 2001	544M bbl
Sep 21, 2001	545M bbl
Sep 28, 2001	545M bbl
Oct 5, 2001	545M bbl
Oct 12, 2001	545M bbl
Oct 19, 2001	545M bbl
Oct 26, 2001	545M bbl
Nov 2, 2001	545M bbl
Nov 9, 2001	546M bbl
Nov 16, 2001	546M bbl
Nov 23, 2001	547M bbl
Nov 30, 2001	547M bbl
Dec 7, 2001	547M bbl
Dec 14, 2001	548M bbl
Dec 21, 2001	549M bbl
Dec 28, 2001	549M bbl
Jan 4, 2002	550M bbl
Jan 11, 2002	551M bbl
Jan 18, 2002	552M bbl
Jan 25, 2002	554M bbl
Feb 1, 2002	554M bbl
Feb 8, 2002	557M bbl
Feb 15, 2002	557M bbl
Feb 22, 2002	559M bbl
Mar 1, 2002	560M bbl
Mar 8, 2002	560M bbl
Mar 15, 2002	561M bbl
Mar 22, 2002	561M bbl
Mar 29, 2002	561M bbl
Apr 5, 2002	561M bbl
Apr 12, 2002	563M bbl
Apr 19, 2002	565M bbl
Apr 26, 2002	566M bbl
May 3, 2002	567M bbl
May 10, 2002	568M bbl
May 17, 2002	568M bbl
May 24, 2002	569M bbl
May 31, 2002	571M bbl
Jun 7, 2002	572M bbl
Jun 14, 2002	573M bbl
Jun 21, 2002	574M bbl
Jun 28, 2002	575M bbl
Jul 5, 2002	576M bbl
Jul 12, 2002	578M bbl
Jul 19, 2002	578M bbl
Jul 26, 2002	578M bbl
Aug 2, 2002	579M bbl
Aug 9, 2002	579M bbl
Aug 16, 2002	580M bbl
Aug 23, 2002	580M bbl
Aug 30, 2002	581M bbl
Sep 6, 2002	582M bbl
Sep 13, 2002	584M bbl
Sep 20, 2002	584M bbl
Sep 27, 2002	585M bbl
Oct 4, 2002	586M bbl
Oct 11, 2002	588M bbl
Oct 18, 2002	588M bbl
Oct 25, 2002	589M bbl
Nov 1, 2002	589M bbl
Nov 8, 2002	591M bbl
Nov 15, 2002	592M bbl
Nov 22, 2002	594M bbl
Nov 29, 2002	595M bbl
Dec 6, 2002	597M bbl
Dec 13, 2002	598M bbl
Dec 20, 2002	599M bbl
Dec 27, 2002	599M bbl
Jan 3, 2003	599M bbl
Jan 10, 2003	599M bbl
Jan 17, 2003	599M bbl
Jan 24, 2003	599M bbl
Jan 31, 2003	599M bbl
Feb 7, 2003	599M bbl
Feb 14, 2003	599M bbl
Feb 21, 2003	599M bbl
Feb 28, 2003	599M bbl
Mar 7, 2003	599M bbl
Mar 14, 2003	599M bbl
Mar 21, 2003	599M bbl
Mar 28, 2003	599M bbl
Apr 4, 2003	599M bbl
Apr 11, 2003	599M bbl
Apr 18, 2003	599M bbl
Apr 25, 2003	599M bbl
May 2, 2003	600M bbl
May 9, 2003	600M bbl
May 16, 2003	601M bbl
May 23, 2003	602M bbl
May 30, 2003	603M bbl
Jun 6, 2003	604M bbl
Jun 13, 2003	605M bbl
Jun 20, 2003	606M bbl
Jun 27, 2003	607M bbl
Jul 4, 2003	609M bbl
Jul 11, 2003	609M bbl
Jul 18, 2003	610M bbl
Jul 25, 2003	611M bbl
Aug 1, 2003	612M bbl
Aug 8, 2003	613M bbl
Aug 15, 2003	613M bbl
Aug 22, 2003	616M bbl
Aug 29, 2003	617M bbl
Sep 5, 2003	618M bbl
Sep 12, 2003	620M bbl
Sep 19, 2003	621M bbl
Sep 26, 2003	622M bbl
Oct 3, 2003	624M bbl
Oct 10, 2003	626M bbl
Oct 17, 2003	627M bbl
Oct 24, 2003	629M bbl
Oct 31, 2003	630M bbl
Nov 7, 2003	631M bbl
Nov 14, 2003	632M bbl
Nov 21, 2003	633M bbl
Nov 28, 2003	633M bbl
Dec 5, 2003	634M bbl
Dec 12, 2003	635M bbl
Dec 19, 2003	636M bbl
Dec 26, 2003	636M bbl
Jan 2, 2004	638M bbl
Jan 9, 2004	639M bbl
Jan 16, 2004	640M bbl
Jan 23, 2004	640M bbl
Jan 30, 2004	641M bbl
Feb 6, 2004	642M bbl
Feb 13, 2004	643M bbl
Feb 20, 2004	645M bbl
Feb 27, 2004	647M bbl
Mar 5, 2004	648M bbl
Mar 12, 2004	648M bbl
Mar 19, 2004	650M bbl
Mar 26, 2004	651M bbl
Apr 2, 2004	652M bbl
Apr 9, 2004	653M bbl
Apr 16, 2004	654M bbl
Apr 23, 2004	657M bbl
Apr 30, 2004	658M bbl
May 7, 2004	659M bbl
May 14, 2004	659M bbl
May 21, 2004	659M bbl
May 28, 2004	660M bbl
Jun 4, 2004	661M bbl
Jun 11, 2004	661M bbl
Jun 18, 2004	661M bbl
Jun 25, 2004	662M bbl
Jul 2, 2004	662M bbl
Jul 9, 2004	663M bbl
Jul 16, 2004	663M bbl
Jul 23, 2004	664M bbl
Jul 30, 2004	665M bbl
Aug 6, 2004	666M bbl
Aug 13, 2004	666M bbl
Aug 20, 2004	667M bbl
Aug 27, 2004	669M bbl
Sep 3, 2004	669M bbl
Sep 10, 2004	669M bbl
Sep 17, 2004	670M bbl
Sep 24, 2004	670M bbl
Oct 1, 2004	670M bbl
Oct 8, 2004	669M bbl
Oct 15, 2004	669M bbl
Oct 22, 2004	670M bbl
Oct 29, 2004	670M bbl
Nov 5, 2004	670M bbl
Nov 12, 2004	671M bbl
Nov 19, 2004	671M bbl
Nov 26, 2004	671M bbl
Dec 3, 2004	673M bbl
Dec 10, 2004	673M bbl
Dec 17, 2004	674M bbl
Dec 24, 2004	674M bbl
Dec 31, 2004	674M bbl
Jan 7, 2005	676M bbl
Jan 14, 2005	676M bbl
Jan 21, 2005	678M bbl
Jan 28, 2005	679M bbl
Feb 4, 2005	680M bbl
Feb 11, 2005	681M bbl
Feb 18, 2005	681M bbl
Feb 25, 2005	682M bbl
Mar 4, 2005	682M bbl
Mar 11, 2005	684M bbl
Mar 18, 2005	685M bbl
Mar 25, 2005	687M bbl
Apr 1, 2005	688M bbl
Apr 8, 2005	689M bbl
Apr 15, 2005	690M bbl
Apr 22, 2005	691M bbl
Apr 29, 2005	691M bbl
May 6, 2005	692M bbl
May 13, 2005	692M bbl
May 20, 2005	693M bbl
May 27, 2005	693M bbl
Jun 3, 2005	694M bbl
Jun 10, 2005	695M bbl
Jun 17, 2005	696M bbl
Jun 24, 2005	696M bbl
Jul 1, 2005	696M bbl
Jul 8, 2005	697M bbl
Jul 15, 2005	697M bbl
Jul 22, 2005	698M bbl
Jul 29, 2005	698M bbl
Aug 5, 2005	699M bbl
Aug 12, 2005	700M bbl
Aug 19, 2005	700M bbl
Aug 26, 2005	701M bbl
Sep 2, 2005	701M bbl
Sep 9, 2005	699M bbl
Sep 16, 2005	696M bbl
Sep 23, 2005	696M bbl
Sep 30, 2005	693M bbl
Oct 7, 2005	691M bbl
Oct 14, 2005	689M bbl
Oct 21, 2005	687M bbl
Oct 28, 2005	685M bbl
Nov 4, 2005	685M bbl
Nov 11, 2005	685M bbl
Nov 18, 2005	684M bbl
Nov 25, 2005	685M bbl
Dec 2, 2005	686M bbl
Dec 9, 2005	686M bbl
Dec 16, 2005	685M bbl
Dec 23, 2005	685M bbl
Dec 30, 2005	685M bbl
Jan 6, 2006	684M bbl
Jan 13, 2006	684M bbl
Jan 20, 2006	684M bbl
Jan 27, 2006	684M bbl
Feb 3, 2006	684M bbl
Feb 10, 2006	684M bbl
Feb 17, 2006	684M bbl
Feb 24, 2006	685M bbl
Mar 3, 2006	685M bbl
Mar 10, 2006	685M bbl
Mar 17, 2006	685M bbl
Mar 24, 2006	686M bbl
Mar 31, 2006	686M bbl
Apr 7, 2006	686M bbl
Apr 14, 2006	687M bbl
Apr 21, 2006	687M bbl
Apr 28, 2006	688M bbl
May 5, 2006	688M bbl
May 12, 2006	689M bbl
May 19, 2006	689M bbl
May 26, 2006	689M bbl
Jun 2, 2006	689M bbl
Jun 9, 2006	689M bbl
Jun 16, 2006	689M bbl
Jun 23, 2006	689M bbl
Jun 30, 2006	689M bbl
Jul 7, 2006	688M bbl
Jul 14, 2006	688M bbl
Jul 21, 2006	688M bbl
Jul 28, 2006	688M bbl
Aug 4, 2006	688M bbl
Aug 11, 2006	688M bbl
Aug 18, 2006	688M bbl
Aug 25, 2006	688M bbl
Sep 1, 2006	688M bbl
Sep 8, 2006	688M bbl
Sep 15, 2006	688M bbl
Sep 22, 2006	688M bbl
Sep 29, 2006	688M bbl
Oct 6, 2006	688M bbl
Oct 13, 2006	688M bbl
Oct 20, 2006	688M bbl
Oct 27, 2006	688M bbl
Nov 3, 2006	689M bbl
Nov 10, 2006	689M bbl
Nov 17, 2006	689M bbl
Nov 24, 2006	689M bbl
Dec 1, 2006	689M bbl
Dec 8, 2006	689M bbl
Dec 15, 2006	689M bbl
Dec 22, 2006	689M bbl
Dec 29, 2006	689M bbl
Jan 5, 2007	689M bbl
Jan 12, 2007	689M bbl
Jan 19, 2007	689M bbl
Jan 26, 2007	689M bbl
Feb 2, 2007	689M bbl
Feb 9, 2007	689M bbl
Feb 16, 2007	689M bbl
Feb 23, 2007	689M bbl
Mar 2, 2007	689M bbl
Mar 9, 2007	689M bbl
Mar 16, 2007	689M bbl
Mar 23, 2007	689M bbl
Mar 30, 2007	689M bbl
Apr 6, 2007	689M bbl
Apr 13, 2007	689M bbl
Apr 20, 2007	689M bbl
Apr 27, 2007	689M bbl
May 4, 2007	689M bbl
May 11, 2007	690M bbl
May 18, 2007	690M bbl
May 25, 2007	690M bbl
Jun 1, 2007	690M bbl
Jun 8, 2007	690M bbl
Jun 15, 2007	690M bbl
Jun 22, 2007	690M bbl
Jun 29, 2007	690M bbl
Jul 6, 2007	690M bbl
Jul 13, 2007	690M bbl
Jul 20, 2007	690M bbl
Jul 27, 2007	690M bbl
Aug 3, 2007	690M bbl
Aug 10, 2007	690M bbl
Aug 17, 2007	690M bbl
Aug 24, 2007	690M bbl
Aug 31, 2007	690M bbl
Sep 7, 2007	690M bbl
Sep 14, 2007	691M bbl
Sep 21, 2007	693M bbl
Sep 28, 2007	693M bbl
Oct 5, 2007	693M bbl
Oct 12, 2007	693M bbl
Oct 19, 2007	694M bbl
Oct 26, 2007	694M bbl
Nov 2, 2007	694M bbl
Nov 9, 2007	695M bbl
Nov 16, 2007	695M bbl
Nov 23, 2007	695M bbl
Nov 30, 2007	695M bbl
Dec 7, 2007	696M bbl
Dec 14, 2007	696M bbl
Dec 21, 2007	696M bbl
Dec 28, 2007	696M bbl
Jan 4, 2008	697M bbl
Jan 11, 2008	698M bbl
Jan 18, 2008	698M bbl
Jan 25, 2008	698M bbl
Feb 1, 2008	698M bbl
Feb 8, 2008	698M bbl
Feb 15, 2008	698M bbl
Feb 22, 2008	699M bbl
Feb 29, 2008	699M bbl
Mar 7, 2008	699M bbl
Mar 14, 2008	700M bbl
Mar 21, 2008	700M bbl
Mar 28, 2008	700M bbl
Apr 4, 2008	700M bbl
Apr 11, 2008	701M bbl
Apr 18, 2008	701M bbl
Apr 25, 2008	701M bbl
May 2, 2008	701M bbl
May 9, 2008	702M bbl
May 16, 2008	703M bbl
May 23, 2008	703M bbl
May 30, 2008	704M bbl
Jun 6, 2008	704M bbl
Jun 13, 2008	705M bbl
Jun 20, 2008	705M bbl
Jun 27, 2008	706M bbl
Jul 4, 2008	706M bbl
Jul 11, 2008	706M bbl
Jul 18, 2008	706M bbl
Jul 25, 2008	706M bbl
Aug 1, 2008	707M bbl
Aug 8, 2008	707M bbl
Aug 15, 2008	707M bbl
Aug 22, 2008	707M bbl
Aug 29, 2008	707M bbl
Sep 5, 2008	707M bbl
Sep 12, 2008	707M bbl
Sep 19, 2008	706M bbl
Sep 26, 2008	704M bbl
Oct 3, 2008	702M bbl
Oct 10, 2008	702M bbl
Oct 17, 2008	702M bbl
Oct 24, 2008	702M bbl
Oct 31, 2008	702M bbl
Nov 7, 2008	702M bbl
Nov 14, 2008	702M bbl
Nov 21, 2008	702M bbl
Nov 28, 2008	702M bbl
Dec 5, 2008	702M bbl
Dec 12, 2008	702M bbl
Dec 19, 2008	702M bbl
Dec 26, 2008	702M bbl
Jan 2, 2009	702M bbl
Jan 9, 2009	702M bbl
Jan 16, 2009	702M bbl
Jan 23, 2009	703M bbl

Energy →

Source: the site’s Presidency, Congress and Supreme Court data, each named in its card’s Data notes; party control of Congress from the House and Senate historians; appointments from the Federal Judicial Center. Portrait: public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Built October 19, 2026.