Presidency · Presidents

Donald Trump

45th and 47th president · Republican · January 20, 2017 – January 19, 2021; January 20, 2025 – present

Donald John Trump is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021. (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)

How to read this

Each card takes a series from one of the site’s Presidency, Congress or Supreme Court pages and shows only the time Trump was in office, each term on its own. Monthly figures run from the month of the inauguration to the month the term ended (or the latest month published); a fiscal or calendar year counts for the president who held office for most of its days. Cards whose data begins after 2017 say where it starts, and a card with no data for the term is left out.

These are conditions during a presidency, not a scorecard. Congress, the courts, the Federal Reserve, the business cycle and events abroad move every one of these numbers, and many policies take effect years after they are signed, so a change during a term is not a measure of what the president caused.

All presidents

← Barack Obama

Joe Biden →

5 years, 8 monthsIn office so far2,099 days

909Laws signed

509Executive orders

3Justices appointed

Who held power

Party control of Congress

Republicans held both chambers for 3.5 years and one chamber for 2 years.

119th Congress2025–2026House: Rep.215 D · 220 RSenate: Rep.47 D · 53 R
117th Congress2021House: Dem.222 D · 212 RSenate*: Rep.50 D · 50 R
116th Congress2019–2021House: Dem.235 D · 199 RSenate: Rep.47 D · 53 R
115th Congress2017–2019House: Rep.194 D · 241 RSenate: Rep.49 D · 51 R

* The Senate majority changed hands during this Congress; the chip shows the party that held it longer while this president was in office.

Seats are at the start of each Congress. Democrats and Republicans include the independents who caucused with them.

Data notes

Each Congress is clipped to the days this president was in office. A chamber’s majority is the party that held it for most of those days; seat counts are at the start of the Congress, with independents counted with the party they caucused with. From the House and Senate historians’ party divisions.

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Timeline →

Supreme Court appointments

Donald Trump appointed 3 justices: Gorsuch (2017), Kavanaugh (2018) and Barrett (2020).

Amy Barrett · Associate justiceNominated Sep 29, 2020 · confirmed 52–48
Brett Kavanaugh · Associate justiceNominated Jul 10, 2018 · confirmed 50–48
Neil Gorsuch · Associate justiceNominated Feb 1, 2017 · confirmed 54–45

Data notes

A justice counts for the president who nominated them (a recess appointment from the day it began, if earlier). An associate justice later made chief by another president, like William Rehnquist, counts as an elevation for the second. Failed and withdrawn nominations are not listed. Dates and Senate votes from the Federal Judicial Center.

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Supreme Court →

Laws and orders

Laws signed

Signed 909 laws, 40 of them major laws. Congress enacted 1 more over a veto.

Laws signed per year in office

2017–18 118 → 2020–21 2362025–26 69 → 2026 55

By policy area

Commemorations225 (25%)
Government, justice & rights149 (16%)
Defense & foreign affairs120 (13%)
Land, water & farming115 (13%)
Economy, taxes & trade109 (12%)
Health, education & culture103 (11%)
Transport, housing & emergencies46 (5%)
Energy & environment42 (5%)

Data notes

Public laws whose enactment date falls in the term, from Congress.gov (93rd Congress, 1973, on; private laws left out), counted through 2026-10-15. A law enacted over a veto is not counted as signed; a bill that became law without a signature is. A bar is one year in office, from the inauguration to the day before its anniversary. Policy areas are the Congressional Research Service’s, grouped as on the Laws page.

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Laws signed per year in office
Period	Value
2017–18	118
2018–19	326
2019–20	105
2020–21	236
2025–26	69
2026 (preliminary)	55

All laws →

Executive orders

Signed 509 executive orders; the most common topic was government operations (98).

Executive orders per year in office

2017–18 58 → 2020–21 822025–26 229 → 2026 60

By topic

Government operations98 (19%)
Economy, labor & technology85 (17%)
Health & education63 (12%)
Foreign policy52 (10%)
National security & defense51 (10%)
Trade & tariffs47 (9%)
Immigration & justice47 (9%)
Energy & environment43 (8%)
Civil rights & civic life23 (5%)

Data notes

Executive orders signed in the term, from the Federal Register, whose electronic record begins in 1994. Each order has one primary topic, assigned as on the Executive orders page. Counts say how many orders were signed, not how much they did: one order can set up a program or rename an office. A bar is one year in office.

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Executive orders per year in office
Period	Value
2017–18	58
2018–19	34
2019–20	46
2020–21	82
2025–26	229
2026 (preliminary)	60

All executive orders →

Major laws signed

40 of the laws Trump signed are counted as important enactments, newest first, with how each passed the House and Senate. Laws after the 118th Congress are not yet assessed.

Passage votesYeaNay

Dec 27, 2020Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021Economy, taxes & tradeConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 DIVISION A--AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2021 This division provides FY2021 appropriations for the Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration, and related agencies.House359–53 (359 yea, 53 nay)Senate92–6 (92 yea, 6 nay)
Aug 4, 2020Great American Outdoors ActLand, water & farmingEstablishes the National Parks and Public Land Legacy Restoration Fund to support deferred maintenance projects on federal lands.House310–107 (310 yea, 107 nay)Senate73–25 (73 yea, 25 nay)
Apr 24, 2020Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement ActEconomy, taxes & tradeResponds to the COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak by providing additional funding for small business loans, health care providers, and COVID-19 testing.House388–5 (388 yea, 5 nay)SenateVoice vote
Mar 27, 2020CARES ActEconomy, taxes & tradeResponds to the COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak and its impact on the economy, public health, state and local governments, individuals, and businesses.HouseVoice voteSenate96–0 (96 yea, 0 nay)
Mar 18, 2020Families First Coronavirus Response ActHealth, education & cultureResponds to the COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak by providing paid sick leave, tax credits, and free COVID-19 testing; expanding food assistance and unemployment benefits; and increasing Medicaid funding.House363–40 (363 yea, 40 nay)Senate90–8 (90 yea, 8 nay)
Mar 6, 2020Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020Health, education & cultureCoronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 This bill provides $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies to respond to the coronavirus outbreak.House415–2 (415 yea, 2 nay)Senate96–1 (96 yea, 1 nay)
Jan 29, 2020United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation ActEconomy, taxes & tradeProvides statutory authority for the trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada (USMCA), which replaces the North American Free Trade Agreement.House385–41 (385 yea, 41 nay)Senate89–10 (89 yea, 10 nay)
Dec 20, 2019Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020Economy, taxes & tradeProvides FY2020 appropriations for several federal departments and agencies.House297–120 (297 yea, 120 nay)Senate71–23 (71 yea, 23 nay)
Dec 20, 2019Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020Economy, taxes & tradeProvides FY2020 appropriations for several federal departments and agencies.House280–138 (280 yea, 138 nay)Senate81–11 (81 yea, 11 nay)
Dec 20, 2019National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020Defense & foreign affairsNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 This bill authorizes FY2020 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths.House377–48 (377 yea, 48 nay)Senate86–8 (86 yea, 8 nay)
Aug 2, 2019Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019Economy, taxes & tradeIncreases discretionary spending limits, suspends the debt limit, and modifies budget enforcement procedures.House284–149 (284 yea, 149 nay)Senate67–28 (67 yea, 28 nay)
Jul 1, 2019Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019Government, justice & rightsHouse305–102 (305 yea, 102 nay)Senate84–8 (84 yea, 8 nay)
Jun 6, 2019Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019Transport, housing & emergenciesProvides FY2019 supplemental appropriations to several federal departments and agencies for expenses related to the consequences of recent wildfires, hurricanes, volcanos, earthquakes, typhoons, and other natural disasters.House354–58 (354 yea, 58 nay)Senate85–8 (85 yea, 8 nay)
Mar 12, 2019John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation ActLand, water & farmingSets forth provisions regarding various programs, projects, activities, and studies for the management and conservation of natural resources on federal lands.House363–62 (363 yea, 62 nay)Senate92–8 (92 yea, 8 nay)
Dec 21, 2018First Step Act of 2018Government, justice & rightsHouse358–36 (358 yea, 36 nay)Senate87–12 (87 yea, 12 nay)
Dec 20, 2018Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018Land, water & farmingHouse369–47 (369 yea, 47 nay)Senate87–13 (87 yea, 13 nay)
Oct 24, 2018SUPPORT for Patients and Communities ActHealth, education & cultureHouseMethod not statedSenate98–1 (98 yea, 1 nay)
Jun 6, 2018VA MISSION Act of 2018Defense & foreign affairsHouse347–70 (347 yea, 70 nay)Senate92–5 (92 yea, 5 nay)
May 24, 2018Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection ActEconomy, taxes & tradeHouse258–159 (258 yea, 159 nay)Senate67–31 (67 yea, 31 nay)
May 21, 2018A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Indirect Auto Lending and Compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act".Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies the rule submitted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and printed in the Congressional Record on December 6, 2017, relating to indirect auto lending and compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act.House234–175 (234 yea, 175 nay)Senate51–47 (51 yea, 47 nay)
Feb 9, 2018Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018Economy, taxes & tradeHouse240–186 (240 yea, 186 nay)Senate71–28 (71 yea, 28 nay)
Dec 22, 2017Tax Cuts and Jobs ActEconomy, taxes & tradeAmends the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.House224–201 (224 yea, 201 nay)Senate51–48 (51 yea, 48 nay)
Nov 1, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Arbitration Agreements".Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies a rule submitted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) regarding arbitration agreements.House231–190 (231 yea, 190 nay)Senate51–50 (51 yea, 50 nay)
Oct 26, 2017Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017Economy, taxes & tradeAdditional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017 This bill provides supplemental appropriations for disaster relief, reauthorizes temporary bankruptcy judgeships, and revises requirements regarding the U.S. Trustee System Fund and bankruptcy.HouseMethod not statedSenate82–17 (82 yea, 17 nay)
Sep 8, 2017Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017Economy, taxes & tradeHouse316–90 (316 yea, 90 nay)Senate80–17 (80 yea, 17 nay)
Jun 23, 2017Department of Veterans Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017Defense & foreign affairsHouse368–55 (368 yea, 55 nay)SenateVoice vote
May 17, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by States for non-governmental employees.Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies a rule submitted by the Department of Labor's Employee Benefits Security Administration regarding savings arrangements established by states for non-governmental employees.House231–193 (231 yea, 193 nay)Senate50–49 (50 yea, 49 nay)
Apr 13, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to savings arrangements established by qualified State political subdivisions for non-governmental employees.Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies a rule submitted by the Department of Labor's Employee Benefits Security Administration regarding savings arrangements established by qualified state political subdivisions for non-governmental employees.House234–191 (234 yea, 191 nay)Senate50–49 (50 yea, 49 nay)
Apr 13, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule submitted by Secretary of Health and Human Services relating to compliance with title X requirements by project recipients in selecting subrecipients.Health, education & cultureNullifies a Department of Health and Human Services rule regarding subrecipients of family planning grants.House230–188 (230 yea, 188 nay)Senate51–50 (51 yea, 50 nay)
Apr 3, 2017A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Protecting the Privacy of Customers of Broadband and Other Telecommunications Services".Health, education & cultureNullifies the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission entitled "Protecting the Privacy of Customers of Broadband and Other Telecommunications Services.House215–205 (215 yea, 205 nay)Senate50–48 (50 yea, 48 nay)
Apr 3, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Clarification of Employer's Continuing Obligation to Make and Maintain an Accurate Record of Each Recordable Injury and Illness".Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies the Department of Labor's rule that was published on December 19, 2016, about employers' ongoing obligation to make and maintain records of work-related injuries and illnesses.House231–191 (231 yea, 191 nay)Senate50–48 (50 yea, 48 nay)
Apr 3, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule of the Department of the Interior relating to "Non-Subsistence Take of Wildlife, and Public Participation and Closure Procedures, on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska".Land, water & farmingNullifies the rule finalized by the Department of the Interior on August 5, 2016, relating to non-subsistence takings of wildlife and public participation and closure procedures on National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska.House225–193 (225 yea, 193 nay)Senate52–47 (52 yea, 47 nay)
Mar 31, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to drug testing of unemployment compensation applicants.Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies the rule finalized by the Department of Labor on August 1, 2016, relating to establishing, for state unemployment compensation program purposes, occupations that regularly conduct drug testing.House236–189 (236 yea, 189 nay)Senate51–48 (51 yea, 48 nay)
Mar 27, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to teacher preparation issues.Health, education & cultureNullifies the "Teacher Preparation Issues" rule finalized by the Department of Education on October 31, 2016.House240–181 (240 yea, 181 nay)Senate59–40 (59 yea, 40 nay)
Mar 27, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to accountability and State plans under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.Health, education & cultureNullifies the rule finalized by the Department of Education on November 29, 2016, relating to accountability and state plans under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.House234–190 (234 yea, 190 nay)Senate50–49 (50 yea, 49 nay)
Mar 27, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior relating to Bureau of Land Management regulations that establish the procedures used to prepare, revise, or amend land use plans pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976.Land, water & farmingNullifies the rule finalized by the Department of the Interior on December 12, 2016, relating to revising regulations that establish the procedures used to prepare, revise, or amend land use plans pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976.House234–186 (234 yea, 186 nay)Senate51–48 (51 yea, 48 nay)
Mar 27, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration relating to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.Economy, taxes & tradeHouse236–187 (236 yea, 187 nay)Senate49–48 (49 yea, 48 nay)
Feb 28, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Social Security Administration relating to Implementation of the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007.Government, justice & rightsNullifies the “Implementation of the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 ” rule finalized by the Social Security Administration on December 19, 2016.House235–180 (235 yea, 180 nay)Senate57–43 (57 yea, 43 nay)
Feb 16, 2017Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior known as the Stream Protection Rule.Energy & environmentNullifies the Stream Protection Rule finalized by the Department of the Interior's Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement on December 20, 2016.House228–194 (228 yea, 194 nay)Senate54–45 (54 yea, 45 nay)
Feb 14, 2017Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to "Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers".Economy, taxes & tradeNullifies the "Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers" rule finalized by the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 27, 2016.House235–187 (235 yea, 187 nay)Senate52–47 (52 yea, 47 nay)

Data notes

Laws counted as important enactments, the same list the Laws page uses for its “Major law” badge, which explains where it comes from. The list does not yet cover a Congress still in session. Each summary is the first sentence of the Congressional Research Service summary, where one stands alone; votes are each chamber’s final-passage tally, or how it passed without a recorded vote.

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Laws page →

Economy

Misery index

The misery index (unemployment plus inflation) was 7.2 in January 2017 and 7.8 in January 2021, with a high of 15.1 in April 2020; then 7 in January 2025 and 7.9 in September 2026, with a high of 8.5 in May 2026.

Misery index

Jan 2017 7.2 → Jan 2021 7.8Jan 2025 7 → Sep 2026 7.9

Unemployment and inflation

Jan 2017 4.7% → Jan 2021 6.4%Jan 2025 4% → Sep 2026 4.2%

Unemployment rateInflation

Data notes

The misery index adds the unemployment rate to inflation (consumer prices, change from a year earlier) for the same month. Unemployment is the BLS rate, seasonally adjusted, from 1948; inflation is from the consumer price index, from 1948. The first reading is the month the president took office, the last the month the term ended. Both are national averages and are revised.

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Misery index
Period	Value
Jan 2017	7.2
Feb 2017	7.4
Mar 2017	6.8
Apr 2017	6.6
May 2017	6.3
Jun 2017	5.9
Jul 2017	6
Aug 2017	6.3
Sep 2017	6.5
Oct 2017	6.2
Nov 2017	6.4
Dec 2017	6.2
Jan 2018	6.2
Feb 2018	6.4
Mar 2018	6.3
Apr 2018	6.5
May 2018	6.6
Jun 2018	6.8
Jul 2018	6.7
Aug 2018	6.4
Sep 2018	6
Oct 2018	6.3
Nov 2018	5.9
Dec 2018	5.9
Jan 2019	5.5
Feb 2019	5.3
Mar 2019	5.7
Apr 2019	5.7
May 2019	5.4
Jun 2019	5.3
Jul 2019	5.5
Aug 2019	5.3
Sep 2019	5.2
Oct 2019	5.3
Nov 2019	5.7
Dec 2019	5.9
Jan 2020	6.2
Feb 2020	5.8
Mar 2020	5.9
Apr 2020	15.1
May 2020	13.4
Jun 2020	11.7
Jul 2020	11.2
Aug 2020	9.7
Sep 2020	9.2
Oct 2020	8.1
Nov 2020	7.9
Dec 2020	8
Jan 2021	7.8
Jan 2025	7
Feb 2025	7
Mar 2025	6.6
Apr 2025	6.5
May 2025	6.7
Jun 2025	6.8
Jul 2025	7
Aug 2025	7.2
Sep 2025	7.4
Nov 2025	7.2
Dec 2025	7.1
Jan 2026	6.7
Feb 2026	6.8
Mar 2026	7.6
Apr 2026	8.1
May 2026	8.5
Jun 2026	7.7
Jul 2026	7.4
Aug 2026	7.5
Sep 2026	7.9

Unemployment and inflation
Period	Unemployment rate	Inflation
Jan 2017	4.7%	2.5%
Feb 2017	4.6%	2.8%
Mar 2017	4.4%	2.4%
Apr 2017	4.4%	2.2%
May 2017	4.4%	1.9%
Jun 2017	4.3%	1.6%
Jul 2017	4.3%	1.7%
Aug 2017	4.4%	1.9%
Sep 2017	4.3%	2.2%
Oct 2017	4.2%	2%
Nov 2017	4.2%	2.2%
Dec 2017	4.1%	2.1%
Jan 2018	4%	2.2%
Feb 2018	4.1%	2.3%
Mar 2018	4%	2.3%
Apr 2018	4%	2.5%
May 2018	3.8%	2.8%
Jun 2018	4%	2.8%
Jul 2018	3.8%	2.9%
Aug 2018	3.8%	2.6%
Sep 2018	3.7%	2.3%
Oct 2018	3.8%	2.5%
Nov 2018	3.8%	2.1%
Dec 2018	3.9%	2%
Jan 2019	4%	1.5%
Feb 2019	3.8%	1.5%
Mar 2019	3.8%	1.9%
Apr 2019	3.7%	2%
May 2019	3.6%	1.8%
Jun 2019	3.6%	1.7%
Jul 2019	3.7%	1.8%
Aug 2019	3.6%	1.7%
Sep 2019	3.5%	1.7%
Oct 2019	3.6%	1.7%
Nov 2019	3.6%	2.1%
Dec 2019	3.6%	2.3%
Jan 2020	3.6%	2.6%
Feb 2020	3.5%	2.3%
Mar 2020	4.4%	1.5%
Apr 2020	14.8%	0.3%
May 2020	13.2%	0.2%
Jun 2020	11%	0.7%
Jul 2020	10.2%	1%
Aug 2020	8.4%	1.3%
Sep 2020	7.8%	1.4%
Oct 2020	6.9%	1.2%
Nov 2020	6.7%	1.2%
Dec 2020	6.7%	1.3%
Jan 2021	6.4%	1.4%
Jan 2025	4%	3%
Feb 2025	4.2%	2.8%
Mar 2025	4.2%	2.4%
Apr 2025	4.2%	2.3%
May 2025	4.3%	2.4%
Jun 2025	4.1%	2.7%
Jul 2025	4.3%	2.7%
Aug 2025	4.3%	2.9%
Sep 2025	4.4%	3%
Nov 2025	4.5%	2.7%
Dec 2025	4.4%	2.7%
Jan 2026	4.3%	2.4%
Feb 2026	4.4%	2.4%
Mar 2026	4.3%	3.3%
Apr 2026	4.3%	3.8%
May 2026	4.3%	4.2%
Jun 2026	4.2%	3.5%
Jul 2026	4.1%	3.3%
Aug 2026	4.1%	3.4%
Sep 2026	4.2%	3.7%

Economy →

Federal deficit and debt

The federal budget balance, as a share of GDP, was −3.4% in FY2017 and −14.5% in FY2020; then −5.8% in FY2025.

Budget balance, % of GDP

FY2017 −3.4% → FY2020 −14.5%FY2025 −5.8%

Public debt, % of GDP

Q1 2017 102.9% → Q1 2021 124%Q1 2025 120.5% → Q1 2026 122.6%

Data notes

The budget balance is the federal surplus (above zero) or deficit (below) as a share of GDP, by fiscal year (July to June through 1976, October to September since); a year counts for the president in office for most of it, though its budget was usually passed the year before. Debt is total public debt as a share of GDP, quarterly from 1966, including debt the government holds in its own trust funds.

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Budget balance, % of GDP
Period	Value
FY2017	−3.4%
FY2018	−3.8%
FY2019	−4.6%
FY2020	−14.5%
FY2025	−5.8%

Public debt, % of GDP
Period	Value
Q1 2017	102.9%
Q2 2017	102.1%
Q3 2017	102.8%
Q4 2017	102.3%
Q1 2018	103.7%
Q2 2018	103%
Q3 2018	103.4%
Q4 2018	105%
Q1 2019	104.3%
Q2 2019	102.9%
Q3 2019	104.6%
Q4 2019	105.8%
Q1 2020	106.8%
Q2 2020	132.7%
Q3 2020	124.1%
Q4 2020	125.6%
Q1 2021	124%
Q1 2025	120.5%
Q2 2025	118.8%
Q3 2025	121%
Q4 2025	122.6%
Q1 2026	122.6%

Economy →

Immigration

Green cards and refugees

New green cards numbered 1.13M in FY2017 and 707k in FY2020; then 1.32M in FY2025.

Green cards

FY2017 1.13M → FY2020 707kFY2025 1.32M

Refugee admissions

FY2017 54k → FY2020 12kFY2025 38k → FY2026 16k

Data notes

Green cards are people who became lawful permanent residents in the fiscal year, from the DHS Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (from FY1977). Refugee admissions are from the State Department’s Refugee Processing Center (from FY1980). A fiscal year counts for the administration in office for most of its days; a hatched bar is preliminary.

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Green cards
Period	Value
FY2017	1,127,170
FY2018	1,096,610
FY2019	1,031,770
FY2020	707,360
FY2025 (preliminary)	1,320,080

Refugee admissions
Period	Value
FY2017	53,716
FY2018	22,676
FY2019	30,000
FY2020	11,814
FY2025	38,102
FY2026 (preliminary)	16,292

Immigration →

Removals and border encounters

Removals numbered 226k in FY2017 and 186k in FY2020, with a high of 267k in FY2019; then 443k in FY2025.

Removals

FY2017 226k → FY2020 186kFY2025 443k

Border encounters

FY2017 527k → FY2020 647kFY2025 692k → FY2026 349k

Data notes

Removals are formal deportations: the Immigration and Naturalization Service’s through FY2002 (DHS Yearbook) and ICE’s own count from FY2003 (ICE); the two are not the same measure. Border encounters are Border Patrol apprehensions, plus port-of-entry inadmissibles from FY2004 and Title 42 expulsions in FY2020–23 (CBP); they count events, not people. A hatched bar is preliminary.

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Removals
Period	Value
FY2017	226,119
FY2018	256,085
FY2019	267,258
FY2020	185,884
FY2025 (preliminary)	442,637

Border encounters
Period	Value
FY2017	526,901
FY2018	686,023
FY2019	1,148,024
FY2020	646,822
FY2025	691,906
FY2026 (preliminary)	348,866

Immigration →

The U.S. and the world

Goods trade balance

The monthly goods trade balance was −$65.8B in January 2017 and −$83.7B in January 2021, with a high of −$61.2B in February 2020; then −$151.7B in January 2025 and −$132.1B in August 2026, with a high of −$61.4B in October 2025.

Goods balance, $B a month

Jan 2017 −$65.8B → Jan 2021 −$83.7BJan 2025 −$151.7B → Aug 2026 −$132.1B

Data notes

The goods trade balance is exports minus imports of goods, in billions of dollars a month, seasonally adjusted, on the Census basis, from 1991 (Census Bureau). Below zero the U.S. imported more goods than it exported. Services are not included. Dollars are not adjusted for inflation, so later years run larger.

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Goods balance, $B a month
Period	Value
Jan 2017	−$65.8B
Feb 2017	−$63B
Mar 2017	−$64.4B
Apr 2017	−$67.8B
May 2017	−$66.5B
Jun 2017	−$65.3B
Jul 2017	−$64.9B
Aug 2017	−$63.7B
Sep 2017	−$64.4B
Oct 2017	−$66.2B
Nov 2017	−$69.4B
Dec 2017	−$70.9B
Jan 2018	−$73B
Feb 2018	−$73.9B
Mar 2018	−$69.2B
Apr 2018	−$70.4B
May 2018	−$65.9B
Jun 2018	−$68.7B
Jul 2018	−$73.9B
Aug 2018	−$74.3B
Sep 2018	−$75B
Oct 2018	−$75.8B
Nov 2018	−$72.3B
Dec 2018	−$78.1B
Jan 2019	−$71.1B
Feb 2019	−$70.2B
Mar 2019	−$71.2B
Apr 2019	−$73.6B
May 2019	−$75.5B
Jun 2019	−$73.4B
Jul 2019	−$72.4B
Aug 2019	−$72.6B
Sep 2019	−$68.5B
Oct 2019	−$66.1B
Nov 2019	−$63.6B
Dec 2019	−$67.6B
Jan 2020	−$66.6B
Feb 2020	−$61.2B
Mar 2020	−$64.6B
Apr 2020	−$73.9B
May 2020	−$76B
Jun 2020	−$70.9B
Jul 2020	−$79.7B
Aug 2020	−$82.4B
Sep 2020	−$77B
Oct 2020	−$81.3B
Nov 2020	−$85.3B
Dec 2020	−$82.7B
Jan 2021	−$83.7B
Jan 2025	−$151.7B
Feb 2025	−$144.9B
Mar 2025	−$158.7B
Apr 2025	−$85.5B
May 2025	−$91.5B
Jun 2025	−$84.2B
Jul 2025	−$101.3B
Aug 2025	−$85.2B
Sep 2025	−$82.7B
Oct 2025	−$61.4B
Nov 2025	−$86.8B
Dec 2025	−$100.6B
Jan 2026	−$79B
Feb 2026	−$81.7B
Mar 2026	−$85.1B
Apr 2026	−$82.2B
May 2026	−$105.3B
Jun 2026	−$101.1B
Jul 2026	−$118.9B
Aug 2026	−$132.1B

Trade →

Foreign aid

Foreign aid disbursed came to $45.4B in FY2017 and $47.2B in FY2020; then $47.8B in FY2025 and $11.8B in FY2026. Afghanistan received the most in 4 of those years.

Disbursed, $ billions

FY2017 $45.4B → FY2020 $47.2BFY2025 $47.8B → FY2026 $11.8B

Data notes

U.S. foreign assistance disbursed in each fiscal year, every country plus regional and global programs, in billions of dollars not adjusted for inflation, from ForeignAssistance.gov (from FY2001). The newest year is incomplete until agencies finish reporting and is hatched. The top recipient counts countries only.

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Disbursed, $ billions
Period	Value
FY2017	$45.4B
FY2018	$46.9B
FY2019	$46.7B
FY2020	$47.2B
FY2025	$47.8B
FY2026 (preliminary)	$11.8B

Foreign aid →

Security and energy

Troops abroad

Troops stationed abroad numbered 210k in September 2017 and 162k in September 2020; then 163k in September 2025 and 167k in March 2026. Japan hosted the most in 6 of those years.

Active-duty troops abroad

Sep 2017 210k → Sep 2020 162kSep 2025 163k → Mar 2026 167k

Data notes

Active-duty U.S. military personnel stationed outside the United States and its territories (afloat and unassigned included where the source reports them), one snapshot a year (September; June for 1953–56), from the Defense Manpower Data Center’s tables and, for years it did not publish, troopdata. The year in progress shows its latest quarter, hatched. From December 2017 DMDC counts permanent assignments only, so later figures leave out most deployed forces.

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Active-duty troops abroad
Period	Value
Sep 2017	210,475
Sep 2018	166,432
Sep 2019	168,520
Sep 2020	162,447
Sep 2025	162,515
Mar 2026 (preliminary)	166,573

Troops abroad →

Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The reserve held 695M bbl on Jan 20, 2017 and 638M bbl on Jan 22, 2021, with a low of 635M bbl on Dec 13, 2019; then 395M bbl on Jan 24, 2025 and 283M bbl on Oct 2, 2026, with a high of 415M bbl on Mar 6, 2026.

Reserve level, million barrels

Jan 20, 2017 695M bbl → Jan 22, 2021 638M bblJan 24, 2025 395M bbl → Oct 2, 2026 283M bbl

Data notes

Crude oil held in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve at the end of each week, in millions of barrels, from the Energy Information Administration (from August 1982). Sales, exchanges and refills are authorized by Congress and the executive branch at different times, and many take months to carry out. The Energy page marks each action.

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Reserve level, million barrels
Period	Value
Jan 20, 2017	695M bbl
Jan 27, 2017	695M bbl
Feb 3, 2017	695M bbl
Feb 10, 2017	695M bbl
Feb 17, 2017	695M bbl
Feb 24, 2017	695M bbl
Mar 3, 2017	695M bbl
Mar 10, 2017	694M bbl
Mar 17, 2017	693M bbl
Mar 24, 2017	693M bbl
Mar 31, 2017	692M bbl
Apr 7, 2017	692M bbl
Apr 14, 2017	691M bbl
Apr 21, 2017	691M bbl
Apr 28, 2017	689M bbl
May 5, 2017	689M bbl
May 12, 2017	688M bbl
May 19, 2017	688M bbl
May 26, 2017	687M bbl
Jun 2, 2017	685M bbl
Jun 9, 2017	685M bbl
Jun 16, 2017	684M bbl
Jun 23, 2017	682M bbl
Jun 30, 2017	682M bbl
Jul 7, 2017	679M bbl
Jul 14, 2017	679M bbl
Jul 21, 2017	679M bbl
Jul 28, 2017	679M bbl
Aug 4, 2017	679M bbl
Aug 11, 2017	679M bbl
Aug 18, 2017	679M bbl
Aug 25, 2017	679M bbl
Sep 1, 2017	679M bbl
Sep 8, 2017	677M bbl
Sep 15, 2017	675M bbl
Sep 22, 2017	675M bbl
Sep 29, 2017	674M bbl
Oct 6, 2017	672M bbl
Oct 13, 2017	672M bbl
Oct 20, 2017	671M bbl
Oct 27, 2017	671M bbl
Nov 3, 2017	670M bbl
Nov 10, 2017	669M bbl
Nov 17, 2017	667M bbl
Nov 24, 2017	665M bbl
Dec 1, 2017	663M bbl
Dec 8, 2017	663M bbl
Dec 15, 2017	663M bbl
Dec 22, 2017	663M bbl
Dec 29, 2017	664M bbl
Jan 5, 2018	664M bbl
Jan 12, 2018	664M bbl
Jan 19, 2018	664M bbl
Jan 26, 2018	665M bbl
Feb 2, 2018	665M bbl
Feb 9, 2018	666M bbl
Feb 16, 2018	665M bbl
Feb 23, 2018	665M bbl
Mar 2, 2018	665M bbl
Mar 9, 2018	665M bbl
Mar 16, 2018	665M bbl
Mar 23, 2018	665M bbl
Mar 30, 2018	665M bbl
Apr 6, 2018	665M bbl
Apr 13, 2018	665M bbl
Apr 20, 2018	665M bbl
Apr 27, 2018	664M bbl
May 4, 2018	664M bbl
May 11, 2018	662M bbl
May 18, 2018	661M bbl
May 25, 2018	661M bbl
Jun 1, 2018	660M bbl
Jun 8, 2018	660M bbl
Jun 15, 2018	660M bbl
Jun 22, 2018	660M bbl
Jun 29, 2018	660M bbl
Jul 6, 2018	660M bbl
Jul 13, 2018	660M bbl
Jul 20, 2018	660M bbl
Jul 27, 2018	660M bbl
Aug 3, 2018	660M bbl
Aug 10, 2018	660M bbl
Aug 17, 2018	660M bbl
Aug 24, 2018	660M bbl
Aug 31, 2018	660M bbl
Sep 7, 2018	660M bbl
Sep 14, 2018	660M bbl
Sep 21, 2018	660M bbl
Sep 28, 2018	660M bbl
Oct 5, 2018	659M bbl
Oct 12, 2018	658M bbl
Oct 19, 2018	656M bbl
Oct 26, 2018	655M bbl
Nov 2, 2018	655M bbl
Nov 9, 2018	653M bbl
Nov 16, 2018	653M bbl
Nov 23, 2018	651M bbl
Nov 30, 2018	650M bbl
Dec 7, 2018	650M bbl
Dec 14, 2018	649M bbl
Dec 21, 2018	649M bbl
Dec 28, 2018	649M bbl
Jan 4, 2019	649M bbl
Jan 11, 2019	649M bbl
Jan 18, 2019	649M bbl
Jan 25, 2019	649M bbl
Feb 1, 2019	649M bbl
Feb 8, 2019	649M bbl
Feb 15, 2019	649M bbl
Feb 22, 2019	649M bbl
Mar 1, 2019	649M bbl
Mar 8, 2019	649M bbl
Mar 15, 2019	649M bbl
Mar 22, 2019	649M bbl
Mar 29, 2019	649M bbl
Apr 5, 2019	649M bbl
Apr 12, 2019	649M bbl
Apr 19, 2019	649M bbl
Apr 26, 2019	649M bbl
May 3, 2019	648M bbl
May 10, 2019	646M bbl
May 17, 2019	645M bbl
May 24, 2019	645M bbl
May 31, 2019	645M bbl
Jun 7, 2019	645M bbl
Jun 14, 2019	645M bbl
Jun 21, 2019	645M bbl
Jun 28, 2019	645M bbl
Jul 5, 2019	645M bbl
Jul 12, 2019	645M bbl
Jul 19, 2019	645M bbl
Jul 26, 2019	645M bbl
Aug 2, 2019	645M bbl
Aug 9, 2019	645M bbl
Aug 16, 2019	645M bbl
Aug 23, 2019	645M bbl
Aug 30, 2019	645M bbl
Sep 6, 2019	645M bbl
Sep 13, 2019	645M bbl
Sep 20, 2019	645M bbl
Sep 27, 2019	645M bbl
Oct 4, 2019	645M bbl
Oct 11, 2019	643M bbl
Oct 18, 2019	642M bbl
Oct 25, 2019	642M bbl
Nov 1, 2019	641M bbl
Nov 8, 2019	640M bbl
Nov 15, 2019	638M bbl
Nov 22, 2019	636M bbl
Nov 29, 2019	635M bbl
Dec 6, 2019	635M bbl
Dec 13, 2019	635M bbl
Dec 20, 2019	635M bbl
Dec 27, 2019	635M bbl
Jan 3, 2020	635M bbl
Jan 10, 2020	635M bbl
Jan 17, 2020	635M bbl
Jan 24, 2020	635M bbl
Jan 31, 2020	635M bbl
Feb 7, 2020	635M bbl
Feb 14, 2020	635M bbl
Feb 21, 2020	635M bbl
Feb 28, 2020	635M bbl
Mar 6, 2020	635M bbl
Mar 13, 2020	635M bbl
Mar 20, 2020	635M bbl
Mar 27, 2020	635M bbl
Apr 3, 2020	635M bbl
Apr 10, 2020	635M bbl
Apr 17, 2020	635M bbl
Apr 24, 2020	636M bbl
May 1, 2020	638M bbl
May 8, 2020	640M bbl
May 15, 2020	642M bbl
May 22, 2020	644M bbl
May 29, 2020	648M bbl
Jun 5, 2020	650M bbl
Jun 12, 2020	652M bbl
Jun 19, 2020	654M bbl
Jun 26, 2020	655M bbl
Jul 3, 2020	656M bbl
Jul 10, 2020	656M bbl
Jul 17, 2020	656M bbl
Jul 24, 2020	656M bbl
Jul 31, 2020	656M bbl
Aug 7, 2020	654M bbl
Aug 14, 2020	651M bbl
Aug 21, 2020	649M bbl
Aug 28, 2020	648M bbl
Sep 4, 2020	648M bbl
Sep 11, 2020	646M bbl
Sep 18, 2020	645M bbl
Sep 25, 2020	643M bbl
Oct 2, 2020	642M bbl
Oct 9, 2020	641M bbl
Oct 16, 2020	640M bbl
Oct 23, 2020	639M bbl
Oct 30, 2020	639M bbl
Nov 6, 2020	639M bbl
Nov 13, 2020	638M bbl
Nov 20, 2020	638M bbl
Nov 27, 2020	638M bbl
Dec 4, 2020	638M bbl
Dec 11, 2020	638M bbl
Dec 18, 2020	638M bbl
Dec 25, 2020	638M bbl
Jan 1, 2021	638M bbl
Jan 8, 2021	638M bbl
Jan 15, 2021	638M bbl
Jan 22, 2021	638M bbl
Jan 24, 2025	395M bbl
Jan 31, 2025	395M bbl
Feb 7, 2025	395M bbl
Feb 14, 2025	395M bbl
Feb 21, 2025	395M bbl
Feb 28, 2025	395M bbl
Mar 7, 2025	396M bbl
Mar 14, 2025	396M bbl
Mar 21, 2025	396M bbl
Mar 28, 2025	396M bbl
Apr 4, 2025	397M bbl
Apr 11, 2025	397M bbl
Apr 18, 2025	397M bbl
Apr 25, 2025	399M bbl
May 2, 2025	399M bbl
May 9, 2025	400M bbl
May 16, 2025	400M bbl
May 23, 2025	401M bbl
May 30, 2025	402M bbl
Jun 6, 2025	402M bbl
Jun 13, 2025	402M bbl
Jun 20, 2025	403M bbl
Jun 27, 2025	403M bbl
Jul 4, 2025	403M bbl
Jul 11, 2025	403M bbl
Jul 18, 2025	403M bbl
Jul 25, 2025	403M bbl
Aug 1, 2025	403M bbl
Aug 8, 2025	403M bbl
Aug 15, 2025	403M bbl
Aug 22, 2025	404M bbl
Aug 29, 2025	405M bbl
Sep 5, 2025	405M bbl
Sep 12, 2025	406M bbl
Sep 19, 2025	406M bbl
Sep 26, 2025	407M bbl
Oct 3, 2025	407M bbl
Oct 10, 2025	408M bbl
Oct 17, 2025	409M bbl
Oct 24, 2025	409M bbl
Oct 31, 2025	410M bbl
Nov 7, 2025	410M bbl
Nov 14, 2025	411M bbl
Nov 21, 2025	411M bbl
Nov 28, 2025	412M bbl
Dec 5, 2025	412M bbl
Dec 12, 2025	412M bbl
Dec 19, 2025	413M bbl
Dec 26, 2025	413M bbl
Jan 2, 2026	413M bbl
Jan 9, 2026	414M bbl
Jan 16, 2026	414M bbl
Jan 23, 2026	415M bbl
Jan 30, 2026	415M bbl
Feb 6, 2026	415M bbl
Feb 13, 2026	415M bbl
Feb 20, 2026	415M bbl
Feb 27, 2026	415M bbl
Mar 6, 2026	415M bbl
Mar 13, 2026	415M bbl
Mar 20, 2026	415M bbl
Mar 27, 2026	415M bbl
Apr 3, 2026	413M bbl
Apr 10, 2026	409M bbl
Apr 17, 2026	405M bbl
Apr 24, 2026	398M bbl
May 1, 2026	393M bbl
May 8, 2026	384M bbl
May 15, 2026	374M bbl
May 22, 2026	365M bbl
May 29, 2026	357M bbl
Jun 5, 2026	349M bbl
Jun 12, 2026	340M bbl
Jun 19, 2026	331M bbl
Jun 26, 2026	326M bbl
Jul 3, 2026	319M bbl
Jul 10, 2026	317M bbl
Jul 17, 2026	311M bbl
Jul 24, 2026	308M bbl
Jul 31, 2026	305M bbl
Aug 7, 2026	299M bbl
Aug 14, 2026	293M bbl
Aug 21, 2026	290M bbl
Aug 28, 2026	287M bbl
Sep 4, 2026	285M bbl
Sep 11, 2026	285M bbl
Sep 18, 2026	285M bbl
Sep 25, 2026	284M bbl
Oct 2, 2026	283M bbl

Energy →

Source: the site’s Presidency, Congress and Supreme Court data, each named in its card’s Data notes; party control of Congress from the House and Senate historians; appointments from the Federal Judicial Center. Portrait: public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Built October 19, 2026.