Presidency · Presidents

Ronald Reagan

40th president · Republican · January 20, 1981 – January 19, 1989

Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he became an important figure in the American conservative movement. (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0)

How to read this

Each card takes a series from one of the site’s Presidency, Congress or Supreme Court pages and shows only the time Reagan was in office. Monthly figures run from the month of the inauguration to the month the term ended; a fiscal or calendar year counts for the president who held office for most of its days. Cards whose data begins after 1981 say where it starts, and a card with no data for the term is left out.

These are conditions during a presidency, not a scorecard. Congress, the courts, the Federal Reserve, the business cycle and events abroad move every one of these numbers, and many policies take effect years after they are signed, so a change during a term is not a measure of what the president caused.

All presidents

← Jimmy Carter

George H. W. Bush →

8 yearsIn office2,922 days

2,464Laws signed

—Executive ordersData starts 1994

3Justices appointedplus one elevated to chief

Who held power

Party control of Congress

Republicans held one chamber for 6 years and neither for 2 years.

101st Congress1989House: Dem.260 D · 175 RSenate: Dem.55 D · 45 R
100th Congress1987–1989House: Dem.258 D · 177 RSenate: Dem.55 D · 45 R
99th Congress1985–1987House: Dem.253 D · 181 RSenate: Rep.47 D · 53 R
98th Congress1983–1985House: Dem.269 D · 166 RSenate: Rep.45 D · 55 R
97th Congress1981–1983House: Dem.243 D · 192 RSenate: Rep.47 D · 53 R

Seats are at the start of each Congress. Democrats and Republicans include the independents who caucused with them.

Data notes

Each Congress is clipped to the days this president was in office. A chamber’s majority is the party that held it for most of those days; seat counts are at the start of the Congress, with independents counted with the party they caucused with. From the House and Senate historians’ party divisions.

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Supreme Court appointments

Ronald Reagan appointed 3 justices and elevated one: O'Connor (1981), Rehnquist (elevated to chief justice, 1986), Scalia (1986) and Kennedy (1987).

Anthony Kennedy · Associate justiceNominated Nov 30, 1987 · confirmed 97–0
Antonin Scalia · Associate justiceNominated Jun 24, 1986 · confirmed 98–0
William Rehnquist · Elevated to chief justiceNominated Jun 20, 1986 · confirmed by voice vote
Sandra O'Connor · Associate justiceNominated Aug 19, 1981 · confirmed 99–0

Data notes

A justice counts for the president who nominated them (a recess appointment from the day it began, if earlier). An associate justice later made chief by another president, like William Rehnquist, counts as an elevation for the second. Failed and withdrawn nominations are not listed. Dates and Senate votes from the Federal Judicial Center.

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Laws and orders

Laws signed

Signed 2,464 laws, 32 of them major laws. Congress enacted 9 more over a veto.

Laws signed per year in office

1981–82 145 → 1988–89 472

By policy area

Commemorations830 (34%)
Land, water & farming488 (20%)
Government, justice & rights337 (14%)
Economy, taxes & trade282 (11%)
Health, education & culture165 (7%)
Defense & foreign affairs153 (6%)
Transport, housing & emergencies113 (5%)
Energy & environment96 (4%)

Data notes

Public laws whose enactment date falls in the term, from Congress.gov (93rd Congress, 1973, on; private laws left out), counted through 2026-10-15. A law enacted over a veto is not counted as signed; a bill that became law without a signature is. A bar is one year in office, from the inauguration to the day before its anniversary. Policy areas are the Congressional Research Service’s, grouped as on the Laws page.

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Laws signed per year in office
Period	Value
1981–82	145
1982–83	326
1983–84	214
1984–85	408
1985–86	238
1986–87	423
1987–88	238
1988–89	472

All laws →

Major laws signed

32 of the laws Reagan signed are counted as important enactments, newest first, with how each passed the House and Senate.

Passage votesYeaNay

Nov 18, 1988Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988Government, justice & rightsEstablishes the Office of National Drug Control Policy in the Executive Office of the President.House346–11 (346 yea, 11 nay)SenateVoice vote
Oct 13, 1988Family Support Act of 1988Health, education & cultureAmends part D (Child Support and Establishment of Paternity) of title IV of the Social Security Act to require the withholding of child support payments from the non-custodial parent's wages upon the issuance or modification of a child support order for families receiving part D services.House347–53 (347 yea, 53 nay)Senate96–1 (96 yea, 1 nay)
Aug 23, 1988Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988Economy, taxes & tradeMakes the legislative history of H.R. 3 applicable to this Act, with specified exceptions.House376–45 (376 yea, 45 nay)Senate85–11 (85 yea, 11 nay)
Aug 10, 1988Civil Liberties Act of 1987Government, justice & rightsHouse257–156 (257 yea, 156 nay)SenateVoice vote
Jul 1, 1988Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988Health, education & cultureAmends part A (Hospital Insurance) of title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to require that an inpatient hospital deductible be paid only for the first period of continuous hospitalization in a calendar year.House328–72 (328 yea, 72 nay)Senate86–11 (86 yea, 11 nay)
Feb 5, 1988Housing and Community Development Act of 1987Transport, housing & emergenciesAmends the United States Housing Act of 1937 to increase FY 1988 and 1989 budget authority for lower income housing programs.House391–2 (391 yea, 2 nay)SenateVoice vote
Dec 22, 1987Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987Economy, taxes & tradeHouse237–181 (237 yea, 181 nay)Senate61–28 (61 yea, 28 nay)
Jul 22, 1987Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance ActTransport, housing & emergenciesHouse301–115 (301 yea, 115 nay)Senate65–8 (65 yea, 8 nay)
Nov 17, 1986Water Resources Development Act of 1986Land, water & farmingEstablishes cost sharing formulas for the construction of harbors, inland waterway transportation, and flood control projects.House329–11 (329 yea, 11 nay)Senate84–2 (84 yea, 2 nay)
Nov 6, 1986Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986Government, justice & rightsHouse238–173 (238 yea, 173 nay)Senate63–24 (63 yea, 24 nay)
Oct 27, 1986Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986Government, justice & rightsAmends the Controlled Substances Act to modify the threshold quantities and kinds of controlled substances which trigger revised enhanced penalties.HouseUnanimous consentSenateVoice vote
Oct 22, 1986Tax Reform Act of 1986Economy, taxes & tradeSpecifies that the Internal Revenue Code shall be cited as the "Internal Revenue Code of 1986.House292–136 (292 yea, 136 nay)Senate74–23 (74 yea, 23 nay)
Oct 17, 1986Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986Health, education & cultureHouse386–27 (386 yea, 27 nay)Senate88–8 (88 yea, 8 nay)
Oct 1, 1986Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986Defense & foreign affairsAmends Federal armed forces provisions to set forth the organization of the Department of Defense (DOD).HouseVoice voteSenateVoice vote
Dec 23, 1985Food Security Act of 1985Land, water & farmingAmends the Agricultural Act of 1949 to set milk price support levels at: (1) $11.60 per hundredweight for 1986; (2) $11.35 per hundredweight from January 1, 1987, through September 30, 1987; and (3) $11.10 per hundredweight from October 1, 1987, through December 31, 1990.House325–96 (325 yea, 96 nay)Senate55–38 (55 yea, 38 nay)
Dec 12, 1985Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985Economy, taxes & tradeIncreases the public debt limit to $1,847,800,000,000 or $2,078,700,000,000 on and after October 1, 1985.House271–154 (271 yea, 154 nay)Senate61–31 (61 yea, 31 nay)
Oct 30, 1984Omnibus Tariff and Trade Act of 1984Economy, taxes & tradeDeclares that amendments to the Schedules refer to the Tariff Schedules of the United States.House386–1 (386 yea, 1 nay)SenateVoice vote
Oct 30, 1984Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984Health, education & cultureAmends the Communications Act of 1934 to set forth national policy for the regulation of cable television.HouseVoice voteSenateVoice vote
Oct 12, 1984A joint resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1985, and for other purposes.Economy, taxes & tradeHouse252–60 (252 yea, 60 nay)Senate78–11 (78 yea, 11 nay)
Jul 18, 1984Deficit Reduction Act of 1984Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Internal Revenue Code to defer from 1985 to 1987 the scheduled increase in the maximum amount of used property eligible for the investment tax credit.House268–155 (268 yea, 155 nay)Senate83–15 (83 yea, 15 nay)
Nov 2, 1983Martin Luther King Jr. Federal Holiday ActGovernment, justice & rightsDesignates the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., the third Monday in January, a legal holiday.House338–90 (338 yea, 90 nay)Senate78–22 (78 yea, 22 nay)
Apr 20, 1983Social Security Amendments of 1983Health, education & cultureHouse243–102 (243 yea, 102 nay)Senate58–14 (58 yea, 14 nay)
Mar 24, 1983Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983Economy, taxes & tradeMakes appropriations for FY 1983: (1) to provide productive employment for the jobless; (2) to hasten or initiate Federal projects and construction; (3) to provide humanitarian assistance to the indigent; and (4) for other purposes.HouseMethod not statedSenate82–15 (82 yea, 15 nay)
Jan 7, 1983Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982Energy & environmentProvides that this Act shall not apply to atomic energy defense activities or to facilities connected with such activities.HouseMethod not statedSenateVoice vote
Jan 6, 1983Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982Transport, housing & emergenciesAmends the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 to revise the authorization of appropriations for FY 1984 through 1990 for the Interstate Highway System.House180–87 (180 yea, 87 nay)Senate54–33 (54 yea, 33 nay)
Oct 15, 1982Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982Economy, taxes & tradeHouseVoice voteSenateVoice vote
Oct 13, 1982Job Training Partnership ActEconomy, taxes & tradeSets forth the purposes of this Act: (1) to establish programs to prepare youth and unskilled adults for entry into the labor force; and (2) to afford job training to economically disadvantaged and other individuals facing serious barriers to employment.House339–12 (339 yea, 12 nay)Senate95–0 (95 yea, 0 nay)
Sep 3, 1982Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982Economy, taxes & tradeHouse226–207 (226 yea, 207 nay)Senate52–47 (52 yea, 47 nay)
Jun 29, 1982Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982Government, justice & rightsAmends the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to extend from August 6, 1982, to August 6, 1984, the current preclearance requirements (under which jurisdictions covered through the triggering mechanism must submit proposed electoral changes to the Department of Justice).HouseUnanimous consentSenate85–8 (85 yea, 8 nay)
Dec 22, 1981Agriculture and Food Act of 1981Land, water & farmingAmends the Agricultural Adjustment Act as amended by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 to provide for milk producer initiated marketing order amendment hearings.House205–203 (205 yea, 203 nay)Senate67–32 (67 yea, 32 nay)
Aug 13, 1981Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Food Stamp Act of 1977 to redefine the term "household" for the purpose of such Act.HouseUnanimous consentSenate80–14 (80 yea, 14 nay)
Aug 13, 1981Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981Economy, taxes & tradeAmends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce individual and estate and trust income tax rates for 1982, 1983, 1984 and thereafter.House282–95 (282 yea, 95 nay)Senate67–8 (67 yea, 8 nay)

Data notes

Laws counted as important enactments, the same list the Laws page uses for its “Major law” badge, which explains where it comes from. The list does not yet cover a Congress still in session. Each summary is the first sentence of the Congressional Research Service summary, where one stands alone; votes are each chamber’s final-passage tally, or how it passed without a recorded vote.

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Laws page →

Economy

Misery index

The misery index (unemployment plus inflation) was 19.3 in January 1981 and 9.9 in January 1989, with a low of 7.8 in December 1986.

Misery index

Jan 1981 19.3 → Jan 1989 9.9

Unemployment and inflation

Jan 1981 7.5% → Jan 1989 5.4%

Unemployment rateInflation

Data notes

The misery index adds the unemployment rate to inflation (consumer prices, change from a year earlier) for the same month. Unemployment is the BLS rate, seasonally adjusted, from 1948; inflation is from the consumer price index, from 1948. The first reading is the month the president took office, the last the month the term ended. Both are national averages and are revised.

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Misery index
Period	Value
Jan 1981	19.3
Feb 1981	18.8
Mar 1981	18
Apr 1981	17.3
May 1981	17.3
Jun 1981	17.2
Jul 1981	18
Aug 1981	18.2
Sep 1981	18.6
Oct 1981	18.2
Nov 1981	17.9
Dec 1981	17.4
Jan 1982	16.9
Feb 1982	16.5
Mar 1982	15.9
Apr 1982	15.9
May 1982	16.3
Jun 1982	16.8
Jul 1982	16.4
Aug 1982	15.8
Sep 1982	15
Oct 1982	15.4
Nov 1982	15.3
Dec 1982	14.6
Jan 1983	14.1
Feb 1983	13.9
Mar 1983	13.9
Apr 1983	14.2
May 1983	13.5
Jun 1983	12.6
Jul 1983	11.8
Aug 1983	12
Sep 1983	12
Oct 1983	11.6
Nov 1983	11.7
Dec 1983	12.1
Jan 1984	12.3
Feb 1984	12.5
Mar 1984	12.7
Apr 1984	12.3
May 1984	11.7
Jun 1984	11.5
Jul 1984	11.8
Aug 1984	11.8
Sep 1984	11.6
Oct 1984	11.7
Nov 1984	11.4
Dec 1984	11.3
Jan 1985	10.8
Feb 1985	10.8
Mar 1985	11
Apr 1985	10.9
May 1985	10.8
Jun 1985	11.1
Jul 1985	10.9
Aug 1985	10.5
Sep 1985	10.3
Oct 1985	10.3
Nov 1985	10.5
Dec 1985	10.8
Jan 1986	10.7
Feb 1986	10.4
Mar 1986	9.4
Apr 1986	8.7
May 1986	8.9
Jun 1986	9
Jul 1986	8.7
Aug 1986	8.5
Sep 1986	8.8
Oct 1986	8.6
Nov 1986	8.2
Dec 1986	7.8
Jan 1987	8
Feb 1987	8.5
Mar 1987	9.4
Apr 1987	10
May 1987	10
Jun 1987	9.9
Jul 1987	10
Aug 1987	10.3
Sep 1987	10.2
Oct 1987	10.4
Nov 1987	10.3
Dec 1987	10
Jan 1988	9.8
Feb 1988	9.6
Mar 1988	9.5
Apr 1988	9.4
May 1988	9.6
Jun 1988	9.4
Jul 1988	9.5
Aug 1988	9.7
Sep 1988	9.6
Oct 1988	9.7
Nov 1988	9.5
Dec 1988	9.7
Jan 1989	9.9

Unemployment and inflation
Period	Unemployment rate	Inflation
Jan 1981	7.5%	11.8%
Feb 1981	7.4%	11.4%
Mar 1981	7.4%	10.6%
Apr 1981	7.2%	10.1%
May 1981	7.5%	9.8%
Jun 1981	7.5%	9.7%
Jul 1981	7.2%	10.8%
Aug 1981	7.4%	10.8%
Sep 1981	7.6%	11%
Oct 1981	7.9%	10.3%
Nov 1981	8.3%	9.6%
Dec 1981	8.5%	8.9%
Jan 1982	8.6%	8.3%
Feb 1982	8.9%	7.6%
Mar 1982	9%	6.9%
Apr 1982	9.3%	6.6%
May 1982	9.4%	6.9%
Jun 1982	9.6%	7.2%
Jul 1982	9.8%	6.6%
Aug 1982	9.8%	6%
Sep 1982	10.1%	4.9%
Oct 1982	10.4%	5%
Nov 1982	10.8%	4.5%
Dec 1982	10.8%	3.8%
Jan 1983	10.4%	3.7%
Feb 1983	10.4%	3.5%
Mar 1983	10.3%	3.6%
Apr 1983	10.2%	4%
May 1983	10.1%	3.4%
Jun 1983	10.1%	2.5%
Jul 1983	9.4%	2.4%
Aug 1983	9.5%	2.5%
Sep 1983	9.2%	2.8%
Oct 1983	8.8%	2.8%
Nov 1983	8.5%	3.2%
Dec 1983	8.3%	3.8%
Jan 1984	8%	4.3%
Feb 1984	7.8%	4.7%
Mar 1984	7.8%	4.9%
Apr 1984	7.7%	4.6%
May 1984	7.4%	4.3%
Jun 1984	7.2%	4.3%
Jul 1984	7.5%	4.3%
Aug 1984	7.5%	4.3%
Sep 1984	7.3%	4.3%
Oct 1984	7.4%	4.3%
Nov 1984	7.2%	4.2%
Dec 1984	7.3%	4%
Jan 1985	7.3%	3.5%
Feb 1985	7.2%	3.6%
Mar 1985	7.2%	3.8%
Apr 1985	7.3%	3.6%
May 1985	7.2%	3.6%
Jun 1985	7.4%	3.7%
Jul 1985	7.4%	3.5%
Aug 1985	7.1%	3.4%
Sep 1985	7.1%	3.2%
Oct 1985	7.1%	3.2%
Nov 1985	7%	3.5%
Dec 1985	7%	3.8%
Jan 1986	6.7%	4%
Feb 1986	7.2%	3.2%
Mar 1986	7.2%	2.2%
Apr 1986	7.1%	1.6%
May 1986	7.2%	1.7%
Jun 1986	7.2%	1.8%
Jul 1986	7%	1.7%
Aug 1986	6.9%	1.6%
Sep 1986	7%	1.8%
Oct 1986	7%	1.6%
Nov 1986	6.9%	1.3%
Dec 1986	6.6%	1.2%
Jan 1987	6.6%	1.4%
Feb 1987	6.6%	1.9%
Mar 1987	6.6%	2.8%
Apr 1987	6.3%	3.7%
May 1987	6.3%	3.7%
Jun 1987	6.2%	3.7%
Jul 1987	6.1%	3.9%
Aug 1987	6%	4.3%
Sep 1987	5.9%	4.3%
Oct 1987	6%	4.4%
Nov 1987	5.8%	4.5%
Dec 1987	5.7%	4.3%
Jan 1988	5.7%	4.1%
Feb 1988	5.7%	3.9%
Mar 1988	5.7%	3.8%
Apr 1988	5.4%	4%
May 1988	5.6%	4%
Jun 1988	5.4%	4%
Jul 1988	5.4%	4.1%
Aug 1988	5.6%	4.1%
Sep 1988	5.4%	4.2%
Oct 1988	5.4%	4.3%
Nov 1988	5.3%	4.2%
Dec 1988	5.3%	4.4%
Jan 1989	5.4%	4.5%

Economy →

Federal deficit and debt

The federal budget balance, as a share of GDP, was −2.5% in FY1981 and −3% in FY1988, with a low of −5.7% in FY1983.

Budget balance, % of GDP

FY1981 −2.5% → FY1988 −3%

Public debt, % of GDP

Q1 1981 30.9% → Q1 1989 49.7%

Data notes

The budget balance is the federal surplus (above zero) or deficit (below) as a share of GDP, by fiscal year (July to June through 1976, October to September since); a year counts for the president in office for most of it, though its budget was usually passed the year before. Debt is total public debt as a share of GDP, quarterly from 1966, including debt the government holds in its own trust funds.

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Budget balance, % of GDP
Period	Value
FY1981	−2.5%
FY1982	−3.8%
FY1983	−5.7%
FY1984	−4.6%
FY1985	−4.9%
FY1986	−4.8%
FY1987	−3.1%
FY1988	−3%

Public debt, % of GDP
Period	Value
Q1 1981	30.9%
Q2 1981	30.7%
Q3 1981	30.6%
Q4 1981	31.4%
Q1 1982	32.4%
Q2 1982	32.4%
Q3 1982	33.9%
Q4 1982	35.2%
Q1 1983	35.8%
Q2 1983	36.9%
Q3 1983	37.3%
Q4 1983	37.2%
Q1 1984	37.5%
Q2 1984	37.7%
Q3 1984	38.5%
Q4 1984	40.1%
Q1 1985	40.4%
Q2 1985	41.3%
Q3 1985	41.6%
Q4 1985	43.8%
Q1 1986	44.1%
Q2 1986	45.3%
Q3 1986	46.1%
Q4 1986	47.6%
Q1 1987	47.6%
Q2 1987	48%
Q3 1987	48.1%
Q4 1987	48.6%
Q1 1988	49%
Q2 1988	49.1%
Q3 1988	49.3%
Q4 1988	49.7%
Q1 1989	49.7%

Economy →

Immigration

Green cards and refugees

New green cards numbered 595k in FY1981 and 641k in FY1988, with a low of 534k in FY1982.

Green cards

FY1981 595k → FY1988 641k

Refugee admissions

FY1981 159k → FY1988 76k

Data notes

Green cards are people who became lawful permanent residents in the fiscal year, from the DHS Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (from FY1977). Refugee admissions are from the State Department’s Refugee Processing Center (from FY1980). A fiscal year counts for the administration in office for most of its days; a hatched bar is preliminary.

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Green cards
Period	Value
FY1981	595,010
FY1982	533,620
FY1983	550,050
FY1984	541,810
FY1985	568,150
FY1986	600,030
FY1987	599,890
FY1988	641,350

Refugee admissions
Period	Value
FY1981	159,252
FY1982	98,096
FY1983	61,218
FY1984	70,393
FY1985	67,704
FY1986	62,146
FY1987	64,528
FY1988	76,483

Immigration →

Removals and border encounters

Removals numbered 17k in FY1981 and 26k in FY1988, with a low of 15k in FY1982.

Removals

FY1981 17k → FY1988 26k

Border encounters

FY1981 825k → FY1988 969k

Data notes

Removals are formal deportations: the Immigration and Naturalization Service’s through FY2002 (DHS Yearbook) and ICE’s own count from FY2003 (ICE); the two are not the same measure. Border encounters are Border Patrol apprehensions, plus port-of-entry inadmissibles from FY2004 and Title 42 expulsions in FY2020–23 (CBP); they count events, not people. A hatched bar is preliminary.

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Removals
Period	Value
FY1981	17,380
FY1982	15,220
FY1983	19,210
FY1984	18,700
FY1985	23,110
FY1986	24,590
FY1987	24,340
FY1988	25,830

Border encounters
Period	Value
FY1981	825,290
FY1982	819,919
FY1983	1,105,670
FY1984	1,138,566
FY1985	1,262,435
FY1986	1,692,544
FY1987	1,158,030
FY1988	969,214

Immigration →

Security and energy

Troops abroad

Troops stationed abroad numbered 431k in September 1981 and 458k in September 1988. Germany hosted the most in 8 of those years.

Active-duty troops abroad

Sep 1981 431k → Sep 1988 458k

Data notes

Active-duty U.S. military personnel stationed outside the United States and its territories (afloat and unassigned included where the source reports them), one snapshot a year (September; June for 1953–56), from the Defense Manpower Data Center’s tables and, for years it did not publish, troopdata. The year in progress shows its latest quarter, hatched. From December 2017 DMDC counts permanent assignments only, so later figures leave out most deployed forces.

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Active-duty troops abroad
Period	Value
Sep 1981	430,569
Sep 1982	447,344
Sep 1983	450,267
Sep 1984	449,047
Sep 1985	445,708
Sep 1986	453,519
Sep 1987	455,933
Sep 1988	458,439

Troops abroad →

Strategic Petroleum Reserve

The reserve held 270M bbl on Aug 20, 1982 and 561M bbl on Jan 20, 1989.

Reserve level, million barrels

Data starts August 1982

Aug 20, 1982 270M bbl → Jan 20, 1989 561M bbl

Data notes

Crude oil held in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve at the end of each week, in millions of barrels, from the Energy Information Administration (from August 1982). Sales, exchanges and refills are authorized by Congress and the executive branch at different times, and many take months to carry out. The Energy page marks each action.

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Reserve level, million barrels
Period	Value
Aug 20, 1982	270M bbl
Aug 27, 1982	273M bbl
Sep 24, 1982	277M bbl
Oct 1, 1982	278M bbl
Oct 8, 1982	279M bbl
Oct 15, 1982	281M bbl
Oct 22, 1982	283M bbl
Oct 29, 1982	284M bbl
Nov 5, 1982	285M bbl
Nov 12, 1982	286M bbl
Nov 19, 1982	286M bbl
Nov 26, 1982	288M bbl
Dec 3, 1982	290M bbl
Dec 10, 1982	292M bbl
Dec 17, 1982	292M bbl
Dec 24, 1982	292M bbl
Dec 31, 1982	293M bbl
Jan 7, 1983	295M bbl
Jan 14, 1983	295M bbl
Jan 21, 1983	297M bbl
Jan 28, 1983	298M bbl
Feb 4, 1983	301M bbl
Feb 11, 1983	302M bbl
Feb 18, 1983	304M bbl
Feb 25, 1983	305M bbl
Mar 4, 1983	307M bbl
Mar 11, 1983	309M bbl
Mar 18, 1983	310M bbl
Mar 25, 1983	310M bbl
Apr 1, 1983	312M bbl
Apr 8, 1983	314M bbl
Apr 15, 1983	315M bbl
Apr 29, 1983	317M bbl
May 13, 1983	321M bbl
May 20, 1983	324M bbl
Jun 3, 1983	327M bbl
Jun 10, 1983	327M bbl
Jun 17, 1983	328M bbl
Jun 24, 1983	330M bbl
Jul 1, 1983	332M bbl
Jul 8, 1983	335M bbl
Jul 15, 1983	336M bbl
Jul 22, 1983	338M bbl
Jul 29, 1983	340M bbl
Aug 5, 1983	342M bbl
Aug 12, 1983	344M bbl
Aug 19, 1983	346M bbl
Aug 26, 1983	349M bbl
Sep 2, 1983	352M bbl
Sep 9, 1983	353M bbl
Sep 16, 1983	356M bbl
Sep 23, 1983	358M bbl
Sep 30, 1983	360M bbl
Oct 7, 1983	361M bbl
Oct 14, 1983	365M bbl
Oct 21, 1983	365M bbl
Oct 28, 1983	366M bbl
Nov 4, 1983	368M bbl
Nov 11, 1983	370M bbl
Nov 18, 1983	370M bbl
Nov 25, 1983	371M bbl
Dec 2, 1983	371M bbl
Dec 9, 1983	375M bbl
Dec 16, 1983	375M bbl
Dec 23, 1983	377M bbl
Dec 30, 1983	378M bbl
Jan 6, 1984	381M bbl
Jan 13, 1984	383M bbl
Jan 20, 1984	384M bbl
Jan 27, 1984	384M bbl
Feb 3, 1984	385M bbl
Feb 10, 1984	385M bbl
Feb 17, 1984	386M bbl
Feb 24, 1984	387M bbl
Mar 2, 1984	387M bbl
Mar 9, 1984	388M bbl
Mar 16, 1984	389M bbl
Mar 23, 1984	389M bbl
Mar 30, 1984	392M bbl
Apr 6, 1984	393M bbl
Apr 13, 1984	393M bbl
Apr 20, 1984	395M bbl
Apr 27, 1984	396M bbl
May 4, 1984	397M bbl
May 11, 1984	398M bbl
May 18, 1984	400M bbl
May 25, 1984	401M bbl
Jun 1, 1984	403M bbl
Jun 8, 1984	405M bbl
Jun 15, 1984	408M bbl
Jun 22, 1984	409M bbl
Jun 29, 1984	413M bbl
Jul 6, 1984	414M bbl
Jul 13, 1984	417M bbl
Jul 20, 1984	419M bbl
Jul 27, 1984	420M bbl
Aug 3, 1984	424M bbl
Aug 10, 1984	426M bbl
Aug 17, 1984	428M bbl
Aug 24, 1984	428M bbl
Aug 31, 1984	429M bbl
Sep 7, 1984	430M bbl
Sep 14, 1984	430M bbl
Sep 21, 1984	430M bbl
Sep 28, 1984	431M bbl
Oct 5, 1984	432M bbl
Oct 12, 1984	433M bbl
Oct 19, 1984	433M bbl
Oct 26, 1984	434M bbl
Nov 2, 1984	436M bbl
Nov 9, 1984	439M bbl
Nov 16, 1984	439M bbl
Nov 23, 1984	441M bbl
Nov 30, 1984	443M bbl
Dec 7, 1984	444M bbl
Dec 14, 1984	446M bbl
Dec 21, 1984	448M bbl
Dec 28, 1984	449M bbl
Jan 4, 1985	451M bbl
Jan 11, 1985	451M bbl
Jan 18, 1985	454M bbl
Jan 25, 1985	454M bbl
Feb 1, 1985	457M bbl
Feb 8, 1985	458M bbl
Feb 15, 1985	458M bbl
Feb 22, 1985	459M bbl
Mar 1, 1985	460M bbl
Mar 8, 1985	460M bbl
Mar 15, 1985	460M bbl
Mar 22, 1985	461M bbl
Mar 29, 1985	461M bbl
Apr 5, 1985	462M bbl
Apr 12, 1985	462M bbl
Apr 19, 1985	462M bbl
Apr 26, 1985	464M bbl
May 3, 1985	465M bbl
May 10, 1985	466M bbl
May 17, 1985	468M bbl
May 24, 1985	470M bbl
May 31, 1985	471M bbl
Jun 7, 1985	472M bbl
Jun 14, 1985	473M bbl
Jun 21, 1985	475M bbl
Jun 28, 1985	476M bbl
Jul 5, 1985	477M bbl
Jul 12, 1985	478M bbl
Jul 19, 1985	481M bbl
Jul 26, 1985	482M bbl
Aug 2, 1985	484M bbl
Aug 9, 1985	484M bbl
Aug 16, 1985	485M bbl
Aug 23, 1985	486M bbl
Aug 30, 1985	487M bbl
Sep 6, 1985	487M bbl
Sep 13, 1985	488M bbl
Sep 20, 1985	488M bbl
Sep 27, 1985	489M bbl
Oct 4, 1985	489M bbl
Oct 11, 1985	489M bbl
Oct 18, 1985	489M bbl
Oct 25, 1985	490M bbl
Nov 1, 1985	490M bbl
Nov 8, 1985	490M bbl
Nov 15, 1985	490M bbl
Nov 22, 1985	491M bbl
Nov 29, 1985	491M bbl
Dec 6, 1985	492M bbl
Dec 13, 1985	492M bbl
Dec 20, 1985	493M bbl
Dec 27, 1985	493M bbl
Jan 3, 1986	493M bbl
Jan 10, 1986	493M bbl
Jan 17, 1986	493M bbl
Jan 24, 1986	494M bbl
Jan 31, 1986	494M bbl
Feb 7, 1986	494M bbl
Feb 14, 1986	494M bbl
Feb 21, 1986	495M bbl
Feb 28, 1986	495M bbl
Mar 7, 1986	496M bbl
Mar 14, 1986	496M bbl
Mar 21, 1986	496M bbl
Mar 28, 1986	497M bbl
Apr 4, 1986	497M bbl
Apr 11, 1986	497M bbl
Apr 18, 1986	498M bbl
Apr 25, 1986	498M bbl
May 2, 1986	499M bbl
May 9, 1986	499M bbl
May 16, 1986	499M bbl
May 23, 1986	499M bbl
May 30, 1986	499M bbl
Jun 6, 1986	500M bbl
Jun 13, 1986	501M bbl
Jun 20, 1986	501M bbl
Jun 27, 1986	501M bbl
Jul 4, 1986	502M bbl
Jul 11, 1986	502M bbl
Jul 18, 1986	503M bbl
Jul 25, 1986	503M bbl
Aug 1, 1986	503M bbl
Aug 8, 1986	503M bbl
Aug 15, 1986	504M bbl
Aug 22, 1986	505M bbl
Aug 29, 1986	505M bbl
Sep 5, 1986	505M bbl
Sep 12, 1986	505M bbl
Sep 19, 1986	506M bbl
Sep 26, 1986	506M bbl
Oct 3, 1986	506M bbl
Oct 10, 1986	506M bbl
Oct 17, 1986	507M bbl
Oct 24, 1986	507M bbl
Oct 31, 1986	508M bbl
Nov 7, 1986	508M bbl
Nov 14, 1986	508M bbl
Nov 21, 1986	508M bbl
Nov 28, 1986	509M bbl
Dec 5, 1986	509M bbl
Dec 12, 1986	510M bbl
Dec 19, 1986	511M bbl
Dec 26, 1986	511M bbl
Jan 2, 1987	512M bbl
Jan 9, 1987	512M bbl
Jan 16, 1987	512M bbl
Jan 23, 1987	513M bbl
Jan 30, 1987	514M bbl
Feb 6, 1987	515M bbl
Feb 13, 1987	515M bbl
Feb 20, 1987	516M bbl
Feb 27, 1987	516M bbl
Mar 6, 1987	517M bbl
Mar 13, 1987	518M bbl
Mar 20, 1987	518M bbl
Mar 27, 1987	519M bbl
Apr 3, 1987	520M bbl
Apr 10, 1987	520M bbl
Apr 17, 1987	521M bbl
Apr 24, 1987	521M bbl
May 1, 1987	522M bbl
May 8, 1987	523M bbl
May 15, 1987	523M bbl
May 22, 1987	524M bbl
May 29, 1987	525M bbl
Jun 5, 1987	526M bbl
Jun 12, 1987	526M bbl
Jun 19, 1987	526M bbl
Jun 26, 1987	527M bbl
Jul 3, 1987	527M bbl
Jul 10, 1987	528M bbl
Jul 17, 1987	528M bbl
Jul 24, 1987	529M bbl
Jul 31, 1987	530M bbl
Aug 7, 1987	531M bbl
Aug 14, 1987	531M bbl
Aug 21, 1987	531M bbl
Aug 28, 1987	532M bbl
Sep 4, 1987	532M bbl
Sep 11, 1987	532M bbl
Sep 18, 1987	533M bbl
Sep 25, 1987	533M bbl
Oct 2, 1987	534M bbl
Oct 9, 1987	534M bbl
Oct 16, 1987	534M bbl
Oct 23, 1987	535M bbl
Oct 30, 1987	535M bbl
Nov 6, 1987	536M bbl
Nov 13, 1987	537M bbl
Nov 20, 1987	537M bbl
Nov 27, 1987	538M bbl
Dec 4, 1987	539M bbl
Dec 11, 1987	539M bbl
Dec 18, 1987	539M bbl
Dec 25, 1987	540M bbl
Jan 1, 1988	541M bbl
Jan 8, 1988	541M bbl
Jan 15, 1988	541M bbl
Jan 22, 1988	541M bbl
Jan 29, 1988	542M bbl
Feb 5, 1988	543M bbl
Feb 12, 1988	543M bbl
Feb 19, 1988	543M bbl
Feb 26, 1988	544M bbl
Mar 4, 1988	544M bbl
Mar 11, 1988	545M bbl
Mar 18, 1988	545M bbl
Mar 25, 1988	545M bbl
Apr 1, 1988	545M bbl
Apr 8, 1988	546M bbl
Apr 15, 1988	546M bbl
Apr 22, 1988	546M bbl
Apr 29, 1988	547M bbl
May 6, 1988	547M bbl
May 13, 1988	547M bbl
May 20, 1988	547M bbl
May 27, 1988	548M bbl
Jun 3, 1988	548M bbl
Jun 10, 1988	549M bbl
Jun 17, 1988	549M bbl
Jun 24, 1988	549M bbl
Jul 1, 1988	550M bbl
Jul 8, 1988	550M bbl
Jul 15, 1988	551M bbl
Jul 22, 1988	551M bbl
Jul 29, 1988	551M bbl
Aug 5, 1988	552M bbl
Aug 12, 1988	552M bbl
Aug 19, 1988	552M bbl
Aug 26, 1988	552M bbl
Sep 2, 1988	552M bbl
Sep 9, 1988	553M bbl
Sep 16, 1988	553M bbl
Sep 23, 1988	554M bbl
Sep 30, 1988	554M bbl
Oct 7, 1988	554M bbl
Oct 14, 1988	555M bbl
Oct 21, 1988	555M bbl
Oct 28, 1988	556M bbl
Nov 4, 1988	556M bbl
Nov 11, 1988	557M bbl
Nov 18, 1988	558M bbl
Nov 25, 1988	558M bbl
Dec 2, 1988	559M bbl
Dec 9, 1988	559M bbl
Dec 16, 1988	559M bbl
Dec 23, 1988	559M bbl
Dec 30, 1988	560M bbl
Jan 6, 1989	560M bbl
Jan 13, 1989	561M bbl
Jan 20, 1989	561M bbl

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Source: the site’s Presidency, Congress and Supreme Court data, each named in its card’s Data notes; party control of Congress from the House and Senate historians; appointments from the Federal Judicial Center. Portrait: public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Built October 19, 2026.