Congress · Laws

Japanese American National Historic Landmark Theme Study Act

Public Law 102-248 · H.R. 543 · 102nd Congress · began in the House

Signed by George H. W. Bush (R) on Mar 3, 1992 · Public Lands and Natural Resources

Sponsor: Rep. Meldon Levine (D-CA-27)

Cosponsors (30): Rep. Bill Thomas, Rep. Robert Matsui,

Passage votesYeaNay

HouseRecorded vote: 400 yea, 13 nay400–13
SenateVoice vote

Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Title I: Manzanar National Historic Site - Establishes the Manzanar National Historic Site in California to protect historical, cultural, and natural resources associated with the relocation of Japanese-Americans during World War II.

Requires the Secretary of the Interior, within three years after funds are made available, to prepare and transmit a general management plan for the site to specified congressional committees.

Establishes the Manzanar National Historic Site Advisory Commission to consult with the Secretary of the Interior on matters relating to the development, management, and interpretation of the site. Terminates the Commission ten years after the enactment of this Act. Authorizes appropriations.

Title II: Japanese American National Historic Landmark Theme Study - Japanese American National Historic Landmark Theme Study Act - Directs the Secretary, within two years after funds are made available, to report to the Congress on a National Historic Landmark Theme Study on Japanese American History.

Requires the Secretary to: (1) identify those sites that are appropriate for the study and that may be suitable for designation as National Historic Landmarks to illustrate the period in American history from 1941 to 1946 when personal justice was denied Japanese Americans; and (2) prepare a list in order of importance or merit of the most appropriate sites for such designation. Names specific sites in 15 States to be included in the study. Authorizes appropriations.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 102nd Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 400 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

400 yea13 nay21 present or did not vote

Dimension 2

Economic left–right

More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(253)

Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Charles HayesD-IL-1
Rep. John ConyersD-MI-1
Rep. Ronald DellumsD-CA-8
Rep. Major OwensD-NY-12
Rep. Maxine WatersD-CA-29
Rep. Theodore WeissD-NY-17
Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10
Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-21
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-16
Rep. Ed TownsD-NY-11
Rep. Barbara-Rose CollinsD-MI-13
Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-25
Rep. John LewisD-GA-5
Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
Rep. Neil AbercrombieD-HI-1
Rep. David BoniorD-MI-12
Rep. José SerranoD-NY-18
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
Rep. Alan WheatD-MO-5
Rep. Thomas FogliettaD-PA-1
Rep. Nancy PelosiD-CA-5
Rep. James ScheuerD-NY-8
Rep. Norman MinetaD-CA-13
Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-10
Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
Rep. Julian DixonD-CA-28
Rep. Jim McDermottD-WA-7
Rep. Michael KopetskiD-OR-5
Rep. William FordD-MI-15
Rep. William LehmanD-FL-17
Rep. Floyd FlakeD-NY-6
Rep. Jolene UnsoeldD-WA-3
Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
Rep. Esteban TorresD-CA-34
Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
Rep. Dennis HertelD-MI-14
Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
Rep. Bernie SandersD-VT
Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-9
Rep. Victor FazioD-CA-4
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-7
Rep. Allan SwiftD-WA-2
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-24
Rep. Howard WolpeD-MI-3
Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-3
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
Rep. William JeffersonD-LA-2
Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-19
Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-10
Rep. Kweisi MfumeD-MD-7
Rep. Mary OakarD-OH-20
Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4
Rep. Bill AlexanderD-AR-1
Rep. Howard BermanD-CA-26
Rep. John OlverD-MA-1
Rep. Lane EvansD-IL-17
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
Rep. Lawrence SmithD-FL-16
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
Rep. Thomas DowneyD-NY-2
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. Nita LoweyD-NY-20
Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
Rep. Sam GejdensonD-CT-2
Rep. Peter DeFazioD-OR-4
Rep. Thomas MantonD-NY-9
Rep. Richard NealD-MA-2
Rep. Francis McCloskeyD-IN-8
Rep. Harold FordD-TN-9
Rep. Jerry KleczkaD-WI-4
Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
Rep. Chester AtkinsD-MA-5
Rep. George BrownD-CA-36
Rep. Michael SynarD-OK-2
Rep. Albert BustamanteD-TX-23
Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
Rep. Joseph KennedyD-MA-8
Rep. Robert BorskiD-PA-3
Rep. David NagleD-IA-3
Rep. Albert EspyD-MS-2
Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-32
Rep. Matthew McHughD-NY-28
Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
Rep. Ronald ColemanD-TX-16
Rep. Eliot EngelD-NY-19
Rep. Benjamin CardinD-MD-3
Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-17
Rep. Thomas AndrewsD-ME-1
Rep. Stephen SolarzD-NY-13
Rep. Henry NowakD-NY-33
Rep. Thomas SawyerD-OH-14
Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
Rep. Robert WiseD-WV-3
Rep. Les AuCoinD-OR-1
Rep. Anthony BeilensonD-CA-23
Rep. George HochbruecknerD-NY-1
Rep. Richard DurbinD-IL-20
Rep. Matthew MartínezD-CA-30
Rep. Chuck SchumerD-NY-10
Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-30
Rep. Bernard DwyerD-NJ-6
Rep. Michael McNultyD-NY-23
Rep. Nicholas MavroulesD-MA-6
Rep. Daniel RostenkowskiD-IL-8
Rep. Peter KostmayerD-PA-8
Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9
Rep. Barbara KennellyD-CT-1
Rep. Ron WydenD-OR-3
Rep. Ray ThorntonD-AR-2
Rep. Edward FeighanD-OH-19
Rep. James JontzD-IN-5
Rep. David SkaggsD-CO-2
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. Walter JonesD-NC-1
Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3
Rep. Brian DonnellyD-MA-11
Rep. Ed PastorD-AZ-2
Rep. John BryantD-TX-5
Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1
Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-32
Rep. Jack ReedD-RI-2
Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
Rep. Donald PeaseD-OH-13
Rep. William RichardsonD-NM-3
Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. John CoxD-IL-16
Rep. Dennis EckartD-OH-11
Rep. David PriceD-NC-4
Rep. Harry JohnstonD-FL-14
Rep. Martin RussoD-IL-3
Rep. Gerald SikorskiD-MN-6
Rep. Jim MoodyD-WI-5
Rep. Solomon OrtizD-TX-27
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-4
Rep. Tony HallD-OH-3
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. Joan HornD-MO-2
Rep. Leon PanettaD-CA-16
Rep. Joseph KolterD-PA-4
Rep. Paul KanjorskiD-PA-11
Rep. Leslie AspinD-WI-1
Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6
Rep. Robert TorricelliD-NJ-9
Rep. Jim MoranD-VA-8
Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
Rep. Frank GuariniD-NJ-14
Rep. James TraficantD-OH-17
Rep. Peter HoaglandD-NE-2
Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
Rep. Joseph EarlyD-MA-3
Rep. Ben JonesD-GA-4
Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
Rep. Terry BruceD-IL-19
Rep. Beryl AnthonyD-AR-4
Rep. Jill Long ThompsonD-IN-4
Rep. Charles HatcherD-GA-2
Rep. Jim ChapmanD-TX-1
Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
Rep. Pete PetersonD-FL-2
Rep. George SangmeisterD-IL-4
Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
Rep. Larry LaRoccoD-ID-1
Rep. Buddy DardenD-GA-7
Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
Rep. James BacchusD-FL-11
Rep. Ed JenkinsD-GA-9
Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7
Rep. John WilliamsD-MT-1
Rep. Chet EdwardsD-TX-11
Rep. Douglas OwensD-UT-2
Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-2
Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-21
Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
Rep. Cal DooleyD-CA-17
Rep. James BilbrayD-NV-1
Rep. Robert ClementD-TN-5
Rep. Richard LehmanD-CA-18
Rep. Tim JohnsonD-SD-1
Rep. Bob CarrD-MI-6
Rep. Charles McMillenD-MD-4
Rep. James OlinD-VA-6
Rep. Glenn PoshardD-IL-22
Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
Rep. John BrowderD-AL-3
Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-3
Rep. William BrewsterD-OK-3
Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
Rep. Byron DorganD-ND
Rep. Robin TallonD-SC-6
Rep. Daniel GlickmanD-KS-4
Rep. Michael AndrewsD-TX-25
Rep. Robert ThomasD-GA-1
Rep. Bud CramerD-AL-5
Rep. Stephen NealD-NC-5
Rep. Jim CooperD-TN-4
Rep. Gregory LaughlinD-TX-14
Rep. Harold VolkmerD-MO-9
Rep. David McCurdyD-OK-4
Rep. Richard SwettD-NH-2
Rep. Martin LancasterD-NC-3
Rep. James SlatteryD-KS-2
Rep. Thomas CarperD-DE
Rep. Ben CampbellD-CO-3
Rep. Lewis PayneD-VA-5
Rep. Owen PickettD-VA-2
Rep. John TannerD-TN-8
Rep. James RowlandD-GA-8
Rep. Richard StallingsD-ID-2
Rep. Claude HarrisD-AL-7
Rep. Douglas ApplegateD-OH-18
Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-10
Rep. Charles LukenD-OH-1
Rep. Norman SisiskyD-VA-4
Rep. Timothy RoemerD-IN-3
Rep. Austin MurphyD-PA-22
Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. William SarpaliusD-TX-13
Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
Rep. Elizabeth PattersonD-SC-4
Rep. Timothy PennyD-MN-1
Rep. Ben ErdreichD-AL-6
Rep. Tim ValentineD-NC-2
Rep. Glenn EnglishD-OK-6
Rep. Beverly ByronD-MD-6
Rep. Carroll HubbardD-KY-1
Rep. Gary ConditD-CA-15
Rep. James HayesD-LA-7
Rep. Thomas HuckabyD-LA-5
Rep. Pete GerenD-TX-12
Rep. Druie BarnardD-GA-10
Rep. William OrtonD-UT-3
Rep. Sonny MontgomeryD-MS-3
Rep. Mike ParkerD-MS-4
Rep. Billy TauzinD-LA-3
Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
Rep. Gene TaylorD-MS-5
Rep. Earl HuttoD-FL-1
Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4

Republicans who voted yea(147)

Rep. Bill GreenR-NY-15
Rep. Constance MorellaR-MD-8
Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-22
Rep. Sherry BoehlertR-NY-25
Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-29
Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-21
Rep. Ronald MachtleyR-RI-1
Rep. Olympia SnoweR-ME-2
Rep. Sidney MorrisonR-WA-4
Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-7
Rep. Raymond McGrathR-NY-5
Rep. Nancy JohnsonR-CT-6
Rep. Christopher ShaysR-CT-4
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
Rep. Marge RoukemaR-NJ-5
Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
Rep. Arthur RavenelR-SC-1
Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
Rep. Amo HoughtonR-NY-34
Rep. Robert DavisR-MI-11
Rep. Jim WalshR-NY-27
Rep. Steven GundersonR-WI-3
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
Rep. Dean GalloR-NJ-11
Rep. Scott KlugR-WI-2
Rep. Thomas RidgeR-PA-21
Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
Rep. Carl PursellR-MI-2
Rep. Susan MolinariR-NY-14
Rep. John PorterR-IL-10
Rep. Paul GillmorR-OH-5
Rep. Wayne GilchrestR-MD-1
Rep. William ClingerR-PA-23
Rep. Jan MeyersR-KS-3
Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18
Rep. Donald RitterR-PA-15
Rep. Herbert BatemanR-VA-1
Rep. Helen BentleyR-MD-2
Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
Rep. Jim SaxtonR-NJ-13
Rep. John MillerR-WA-1
Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
Rep. Don YoungR-AK
Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
Rep. Earl ColemanR-MO-6
Rep. Curt WeldonR-PA-7
Rep. David MartinR-NY-26
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-8
Rep. William BroomfieldR-MI-18
Rep. Willis GradisonR-OH-2
Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-4
Rep. Paul HenryR-MI-5
Rep. Clay ShawR-FL-15
Rep. Jim RamstadR-MN-3
Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
Rep. John KasichR-OH-12
Rep. Chalmers WylieR-OH-15
Rep. Hal RogersR-KY-5
Rep. Dave HobsonR-OH-7
Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
Rep. Bill EmersonR-MO-8
Rep. Frank RiggsR-CA-1
Rep. Guy Vander JagtR-MI-9
Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
Rep. Jerry LewisR-CA-35
Rep. Richard SchulzeR-PA-5
Rep. Frederick GrandyR-IA-6
Rep. Alex McMillanR-NC-9
Rep. William LoweryR-CA-41
Rep. Tom CampbellR-CA-12
Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
Rep. John HammerschmidtR-AR-3
Rep. Gary FranksR-CT-5
Rep. Jim KolbeR-AZ-5
Rep. Dave CampR-MI-10
Rep. Rick SantorumR-PA-18
Rep. Richard ZimmerR-NJ-12
Rep. Michael BilirakisR-FL-9
Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-20
Rep. Jim McCreryR-LA-4
Rep. Robert LivingstonR-LA-1
Rep. Robert MichelR-IL-18
Rep. William DickinsonR-AL-2
Rep. John WeberR-MN-2
Rep. Bill McCollumR-FL-5
Rep. Craig JamesR-FL-4
Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
Rep. Harris FawellR-IL-13
Rep. Donald SundquistR-TN-7
Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21
Rep. William PaxonR-NY-31
Rep. James LightfootR-IA-5
Rep. Tom BlileyR-VA-3
Rep. Mickey EdwardsR-OK-5
Rep. Toby RothR-WI-8
Rep. H. CallahanR-AL-1
Rep. Newton GingrichR-GA-6
Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
Rep. Thomas LewisR-FL-12
Rep. Alfred McCandlessR-CA-37
Rep. George GekasR-PA-17
Rep. Bill BarrettR-NE-3
Rep. Robert LagomarsinoR-CA-19
Rep. Porter GossR-FL-13
Rep. Andy IrelandR-FL-10
Rep. Barbara VucanovichR-NV-2
Rep. Duke CunninghamR-CA-44
Rep. Craig ThomasR-WY
Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
Rep. Robert SmithR-OR-2
Rep. Jim NussleR-IA-2
Rep. Clarence MillerR-OH-10
Rep. Ronald MarleneeR-MT-2
Rep. Larry CombestR-TX-19
Rep. Gerald SolomonR-NY-24
Rep. Larry HopkinsR-KY-6
Rep. Dan SchaeferR-CO-6
Rep. Bob McEwenR-OH-6
Rep. Charles TaylorR-NC-11
Rep. Pat RobertsR-KS-1
Rep. Richard BakerR-LA-6
Rep. Christopher CoxR-CA-40
Rep. Ron PackardR-CA-43
Rep. Jim InhofeR-OK-1
Rep. Cass BallengerR-NC-10
Rep. John BoehnerR-OH-8
Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-22
Rep. Jon KylR-AZ-4
Rep. Jim BunningR-KY-4
Rep. Wally HergerR-CA-2
Rep. Joel HefleyR-CO-5
Rep. Joe BartonR-TX-6
Rep. Sam JohnsonR-TX-3
Rep. Robert DornanR-CA-38
Rep. Jack FieldsR-TX-8
Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
Rep. John DoolittleR-CA-14
Rep. Wayne AllardR-CO-4
Rep. Dana RohrabacherR-CA-42
Rep. Robert WalkerR-PA-16
Rep. James SensenbrennerR-WI-9
Rep. Tom DeLayR-TX-22
Rep. Dan BurtonR-IN-6
Rep. Richard ArmeyR-TX-26

Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 442 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Natural Resources Committee · House · markup by, referred to, reported bySubcommittee: Federal Lands Subcommittee
Energy and Natural Resources Committee · Senate · markup by, referred to, reported bySubcommittee: National Parks Subcommittee

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 26 actions.

Mar 3, 1992Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 102-248.
Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
Feb 26, 1992PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
Feb 19, 1992Resolving differencesResolving differences · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays (2/3 required): 400 - 13 (Roll No. 15).House roll call 15
OtherOther · Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays (2/3 required): 400 - 13 (Roll No. 15).House roll call 15
Feb 18, 1992Resolving differencesResolving differences · House considered Senate amendments under suspension of the rules.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Mr. Vento moved that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendments.
FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 5, rule I, the chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed until Feb. 19.
Nov 26, 1991FloorFloor · Passed Senate with amendments by Voice Vote.
Nov 23, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Nov 20, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Markup by Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Jul 25, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Hearings by National Parks Subcommittee of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Jul 1, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Referred to National Parks Subcommittee of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Jun 28, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Jun 24, 1991FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
FloorFloor · Mr. Vento moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Natural Resources Committee
Jun 19, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Natural Resources Committee
Jun 18, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Federal Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
CommitteeCommittee · Markup by Federal Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
May 21, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Hearings by Federal Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
Feb 4, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Federal Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
Jan 16, 1991CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Natural Resources Committee
IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House

Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.