Congress · Laws

An act to designate the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in the State of Washington, and for other purposes.

Public Law 97-243 · H.R. 6530 · 97th Congress · began in the House

Signed by Ronald Reagan (R) on Aug 26, 1982 · Public Lands and Natural Resources

Sponsor: Rep. Don Bonker (D-WA-3)

Cosponsors (6): Rep. Thomas Foley, Rep. Norm Dicks,

Passage votesYeaNay

HouseRecorded vote: 393 yea, 8 nay393–8
SenateVoice vote

Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Designates certain lands within and adjacent to the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in the State of Washington as the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. Extends the exterior boundary of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest to include all lands and waters within the monument.

Provides for Federal acquisition of the lands within the monument. Sets the minimum value of any timber acquired at the fair market value of the timber on July 1, 1982.

Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to exchange certain lands with Burlington Northern Incorporated and with the Weyerhaeuser Company pursuant to voluntary mutual agreement. Provides that the instruments of conveyance for such exchanges may include mutually agreed upon reservations. Sets forth the requirements for such exchanges.

Requires the Secretary to prepare an environmental assessment of any exchange of mineral or geothermal interests authorized by this Act.

Requires the Secretary to administer the monument as a separate unit of the national forest system. Requires the Secretary to: (1) permit the full use of the monument for scientific study and research; (2) provide for recreational use of the monument; and (3) permit hunting and fishing within the monument. Authorizes the Secretary to impose any restrictions on these activities which are necessary to protect the public health and safety, the natural conditions and resources of the monument, scientific research activities, and public use and enjoyment.

Provides that roads and other facilities within the monument should be located in areas developed before the 1980 eruption.

Withdraws all Federal lands within the monument from entry or appropriation of disposal under the public land laws, from location, entry, and patent under the Federal mining laws, and from disposition under mineral and geothermal leasing laws.

Prohibits timber harvesting on Federal lands within the monument except: (1) for timber salvage contracts awarded before the enactment of this Act; and (2) where necessary to control fire, insects, diseases, and other agents dangerous to the monument. Permits the use of national forest system roads for such timber harvesting activities.

Requires the Secretary to submit a comprehensive management plan for the monument to specified congressional committees within three years after enactment of this Act.

Establishes the Mount Saint Helens Scientific Advisory Board to advise the Secretary on: (1) measures needed to protect and manage the natural and scientific values of the monument; and (2) the administration necessary to protect the natural ecologic and geologic processes and integrity of the monument. Authorizes the Board to make recommendations with respect to new scientific research opportunities which may exist within the monument. Terminates the Board ten years after the enactment of this Act.

Requires that at least 50 percent of the revenues paid to Skamania County in the State of Washington from the Gifford Pinchot National Forest be used for the benefit of the public schools in Skamania County and that the remainder be used for such purposes as the county specifies.

Authorizes appropriations for fiscal years beginning after October 1, 1982.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 97th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 393 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

393 yea8 nay33 present or did not vote

Dimension 2

Economic left–right

More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(223)

Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
Rep. Tom HarkinD-IA-5
Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
Rep. Parren MitchellD-MD-7
Rep. Ronald DellumsD-CA-8
Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. George CrockettD-MI-13
Rep. Mickey LelandD-TX-18
Rep. Gus SavageD-IL-2
Rep. Shirley ChisholmD-NY-12
Rep. Mervyn DymallyD-CA-31
Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-21
Rep. Phillip BurtonD-CA-6
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-19
Rep. William GrayD-PA-2
Rep. Frederick RichmondD-NY-14
Rep. Theodore WeissD-NY-20
Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-25
Rep. Harold FordD-TN-8
Rep. John SeiberlingD-OH-14
Rep. Robert KastenmeierD-WI-2
Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-10
Rep. Robert GarciaD-NY-21
Rep. George BrownD-CA-36
Rep. Anthony BeilensonD-CA-23
Rep. William FordD-MI-15
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
Rep. Cardiss CollinsD-IL-7
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-9
Rep. William BrodheadD-MI-17
Rep. Peter RodinoD-NJ-10
Rep. Julian DixonD-CA-28
Rep. Richard BollingD-MO-5
Rep. Victor FazioD-CA-4
Rep. Harold WashingtonD-IL-1
Rep. Jonathan BinghamD-NY-22
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Gus HawkinsD-CA-29
Rep. Paul SimonD-IL-24
Rep. Matthew MartínezD-CA-30
Rep. William LehmanD-FL-13
Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-12
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
Rep. Henry ReussD-WI-5
Rep. James ShannonD-MA-5
Rep. James ScheuerD-NY-11
Rep. Daniel AkakaD-HI-2
Rep. Richard OttingerD-NY-24
Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-3
Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-24
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-7
Rep. Claude PepperD-FL-14
Rep. Michael LowryD-WA-7
Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
Rep. Thomas DowneyD-NY-2
Rep. Stephen SolarzD-NY-13
Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4
Rep. Robert EdgarD-PA-7
Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
Rep. Chuck SchumerD-NY-16
Rep. Norman MinetaD-CA-13
Rep. Albert GoreD-TN-4
Rep. Bernard DwyerD-NJ-15
Rep. Brian DonnellyD-MA-11
Rep. Barbara MikulskiD-MD-3
Rep. Raymond KogovsekD-CO-3
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
Rep. Robert MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Geraldine FerraroD-NY-9
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. Donald BaileyD-PA-21
Rep. Joseph EarlyD-MA-3
Rep. Anthony CoelhoD-CA-15
Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
Rep. Barbara KennellyD-CT-1
Rep. Frank GuariniD-NJ-14
Rep. Thomas FoleyD-WA-5
Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-15
Rep. Mary OakarD-OH-20
Rep. James WrightD-TX-12
Rep. Morris UdallD-AZ-2
Rep. Matthew McHughD-NY-27
Rep. Joseph SmithD-PA-3
Rep. Mario BiaggiD-NY-10
Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
Rep. Nicholas MavroulesD-MA-6
Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
Rep. Howard WolpeD-MI-3
Rep. James MattoxD-TX-5
Rep. Adam BenjaminD-IN-1
Rep. James WeaverD-OR-4
Rep. Ron WydenD-OR-3
Rep. Peter PeyserD-NY-23
Rep. John FaryD-IL-5
Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
Rep. Gillis LongD-LA-8
Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. William RatchfordD-CT-5
Rep. James BlanchardD-MI-18
Rep. Tom LantosD-CA-11
Rep. Bill AlexanderD-AR-1
Rep. James FlorioD-NJ-1
Rep. Henry NowakD-NY-37
Rep. Leo ZeferettiD-NY-15
Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
Rep. Les AuCoinD-OR-1
Rep. Leslie AspinD-WI-1
Rep. Daniel RostenkowskiD-IL-8
Rep. David EvansD-IN-6
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
Rep. Allan SwiftD-WA-2
Rep. Don BonkerD-WA-3
Rep. Fernand St. GermainD-RI-1
Rep. Dennis EckartD-OH-22
Rep. Donald PeaseD-OH-13
Rep. Timothy WirthD-CO-2
Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
Rep. Charles DowdyD-MS-4
Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
Rep. Walter JonesD-NC-1
Rep. Jerry PattersonD-CA-38
Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-36
Rep. Sam GejdensonD-CT-2
Rep. Stanley LundineD-NY-39
Rep. Robert ShamanskyD-OH-12
Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
Rep. Leon PanettaD-CA-16
Rep. Michael SynarD-OK-2
Rep. Cecil HeftelD-HI-1
Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
Rep. Byron DorganD-ND
Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
Rep. Donald AlbostaD-MI-10
Rep. Wyche FowlerD-GA-5
Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
Rep. David BowenD-MS-2
Rep. Allen ErtelD-PA-17
Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
Rep. Tom DaschleD-SD-1
Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
Rep. Michael BarnesD-MD-8
Rep. Douglas WalgrenD-PA-18
Rep. Berkley BedellD-IA-6
Rep. Wes WatkinsD-OK-3
Rep. Ronnie FlippoD-AL-5
Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
Rep. Floyd FithianD-IN-2
Rep. Robert YoungD-MO-2
Rep. William BonerD-TN-5
Rep. Beryl AnthonyD-AR-4
Rep. Ed JonesD-TN-7
Rep. James JonesD-OK-1
Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
Rep. Ike AndrewsD-NC-4
Rep. Abraham KazenD-TX-23
Rep. Samuel StrattonD-NY-28
Rep. Martin RussoD-IL-3
Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
Rep. Harold VolkmerD-MO-9
Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-32
Rep. Royden DysonD-MD-1
Rep. Daniel MicaD-FL-11
Rep. Kenneth HollandD-SC-5
Rep. Thomas LukenD-OH-2
Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
Rep. Don FuquaD-FL-2
Rep. Austin MurphyD-PA-22
Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
Rep. Charles HatcherD-GA-2
Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
Rep. Daniel GlickmanD-KS-4
Rep. Charles WhitleyD-NC-3
Rep. Bill NelsonD-FL-9
Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-10
Rep. Jack BrinkleyD-GA-3
Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
Rep. William PatmanD-TX-14
Rep. Carroll HubbardD-KY-1
Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-11
Rep. Douglas ApplegateD-OH-18
Rep. Earl HuttoD-FL-1
Rep. William ChappellD-FL-4
Rep. David McCurdyD-OK-4
Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
Rep. Ed JenkinsD-GA-9
Rep. Billy EvansD-GA-8
Rep. Elliott LevitasD-GA-4
Rep. Jack HightowerD-TX-13
Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
Rep. William NicholsD-AL-3
Rep. Glenn EnglishD-OK-6
Rep. Druie BarnardD-GA-10
Rep. Kent HanceD-TX-19
Rep. Beverly ByronD-MD-6
Rep. Lawrence FountainD-NC-2
Rep. Ronald MottlD-OH-23
Rep. James SantiniD-NV
Rep. Thomas HuckabyD-LA-5
Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4
Rep. Sam HallD-TX-1
Rep. Billy TauzinD-LA-3
Rep. Richard ShelbyD-AL-7
Rep. Sonny MontgomeryD-MS-3
Rep. James LeathD-TX-11
Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
Rep. Dan DanielD-VA-5
Rep. Buddy RoemerD-LA-4
Rep. Phil GrammD-TX-6
Rep. Robert StumpD-AZ-3

Republicans who voted yea(169)

Rep. Harold HollenbeckR-NJ-9
Rep. Claudine SchneiderR-RI-2
Rep. Bill GreenR-NY-18
Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
Rep. Jim JeffordsR-VT
Rep. Lawrence DeNardisR-CT-3
Rep. Margaret HecklerR-MA-10
Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
Rep. Charles DoughertyR-PA-4
Rep. Stewart McKinneyR-CT-4
Rep. Robert DavisR-MI-11
Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-34
Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
Rep. Lyle WilliamsR-OH-19
Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
Rep. Carl PursellR-MI-2
Rep. Joel PritchardR-WA-1
Rep. Thomas RailsbackR-IL-19
Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
Rep. Olympia SnoweR-ME-2
Rep. Huey DeckardR-IN-8
Rep. James NelliganR-PA-11
Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
Rep. William WamplerR-VA-9
Rep. John DuncanR-TN-2
Rep. William ClingerR-PA-23
Rep. Arlen ErdahlR-MN-1
Rep. Harold SawyerR-MI-5
Rep. Millicent FenwickR-NJ-5
Rep. Donald ClausenR-CA-2
Rep. Jack EdwardsR-AL-1
Rep. Thomas EvansR-DE
Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
Rep. Guy MolinariR-NY-17
Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
Rep. Pete McCloskeyR-CA-12
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
Rep. John NapierR-SC-6
Rep. Marge RoukemaR-NJ-7
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
Rep. Thomas TaukeR-IA-2
Rep. James DunnR-MI-6
Rep. John HammerschmidtR-AR-3
Rep. Stanford ParrisR-VA-8
Rep. John PorterR-IL-10
Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
Rep. David MarriottR-UT-2
Rep. Guy Vander JagtR-MI-9
Rep. Hal RogersR-KY-5
Rep. Elwood HillisR-IN-5
Rep. Sidney MorrisonR-WA-4
Rep. James CourterR-NJ-13
Rep. Raymond McGrathR-NY-5
Rep. James CoyneR-PA-8
Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
Rep. Paul TribleR-VA-1
Rep. Marion SnyderR-KY-4
Rep. George WhitehurstR-VA-2
Rep. Lynn MartinR-IL-16
Rep. Bobbi FiedlerR-CA-21
Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
Rep. William CarneyR-NY-1
Rep. Larry HopkinsR-KY-6
Rep. Edward WeberR-OH-9
Rep. George WortleyR-NY-32
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6
Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
Rep. Charles PashayanR-CA-17
Rep. David MartinR-NY-30
Rep. Robin BeardR-TN-6
Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
Rep. Robert McCloryR-IL-13
Rep. Edward MadiganR-IL-21
Rep. Toby RothR-WI-8
Rep. Cleveland BenedictR-WV-2
Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
Rep. Edwin BethuneR-AR-2
Rep. Steven GundersonR-WI-3
Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
Rep. Newton GingrichR-GA-6
Rep. Thomas EvansR-IA-3
Rep. Manuel LujánR-NM-1
Rep. Virginia SmithR-NE-3
Rep. Carroll CampbellR-SC-4
Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
Rep. Willis GradisonR-OH-1
Rep. William MooreR-LA-6
Rep. Bob McEwenR-OH-6
Rep. Gene TaylorR-MO-7
Rep. Arlan StangelandR-MN-7
Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6
Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
Rep. Richard SchulzeR-PA-5
Rep. Clay ShawR-FL-12
Rep. Hal DaubR-NE-2
Rep. Robert WhittakerR-KS-5
Rep. John ErlenbornR-IL-14
Rep. William LoweryR-CA-41
Rep. Thomas CorcoranR-IL-15
Rep. David StatonR-WV-3
Rep. Edwin ForsytheR-NJ-6
Rep. Donald RitterR-PA-15
Rep. Duncan HunterR-CA-42
Rep. James RobinsonR-VA-7
Rep. Trent LottR-MS-5
Rep. Gregory CarmanR-NY-3
Rep. Robert MichelR-IL-18
Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
Rep. Bill McCollumR-FL-5
Rep. Gary LeeR-NY-33
Rep. Thomas HagedornR-MN-2
Rep. Eugene ChappieR-CA-1
Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
Rep. John LeBoutillierR-NY-6
Rep. Pat RobertsR-KS-1
Rep. Robert DanielR-VA-4
Rep. Clair BurgenerR-CA-43
Rep. James MartinR-NC-9
Rep. Tom BlileyR-VA-3
Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-18
Rep. Kenneth KramerR-CO-5
Rep. Robert LagomarsinoR-CA-19
Rep. Eldon RuddR-AZ-4
Rep. William HendonR-NC-11
Rep. Jerry LewisR-CA-37
Rep. Daniel CoatsR-IN-4
Rep. Barber ConableR-NY-35
Rep. Thomas LoefflerR-TX-21
Rep. Mark SiljanderR-MI-4
Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
Rep. Robert DornanR-CA-27
Rep. Clint RobertsR-SD-2
Rep. Judd GreggR-NH-2
Rep. Thomas KindnessR-OH-8
Rep. Delbert LattaR-OH-5
Rep. Edward DerwinskiR-IL-4
Rep. Wayne GrishamR-CA-33
Rep. John WeberR-MN-6
Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-22
Rep. John HilerR-IN-3
Rep. Manley ButlerR-VA-6
Rep. Richard CheneyR-WY
Rep. James SensenbrennerR-WI-9
Rep. Albert SmithR-AL-6
Rep. Wendell BaileyR-MO-8
Rep. Thomas HartnettR-SC-1
Rep. James HansenR-UT-1
Rep. Bill EmersonR-MO-10
Rep. Clarence MillerR-OH-10
Rep. William DickinsonR-AL-2
Rep. Robert BadhamR-CA-40
Rep. Larry CraigR-ID-1
Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
Rep. Gerald SolomonR-NY-29
Rep. Norman ShumwayR-CA-14
Rep. Hank BrownR-CO-4
Rep. Jack FieldsR-TX-8
Rep. Robert WalkerR-PA-16
Rep. George HansenR-ID-2
Rep. William DannemeyerR-CA-39
Rep. James CollinsR-TX-3
Rep. James JeffriesR-KS-2
Rep. Denny SmithR-OR-2
Rep. Daniel CraneR-IL-22
Rep. Walter JohnstonR-NC-6

Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 628 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. 1 yea vote was cast by members of neither major party and is highlighted on the compass but not listed. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Agriculture Committee · House · discharged from, markup by, referred to, reported by
Natural Resources Committee · House · markup by, referred to, reported bySubcommittee: National Parks and Public Lands Subcommittee

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 29 actions.

Aug 26, 1982Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 97-243.
Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
Aug 20, 1982PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
Aug 17, 1982Resolving differencesResolving differences · House Agreed to Conference Report by Yea-Nay Vote: 393 - 8 (Record Vote No: 288).House roll call 288
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House Agreed to Conference Report by Yea-Nay Vote: 393 - 8 (Record Vote No: 288).House roll call 288
Aug 13, 1982Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report by Voice Vote.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report by Voice Vote.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report S. Rept. 97-523 filed in Senate by Senator McClure on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report S. Rept. 97-523 filed in Senate by Senator McClure on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference Report 97-748 Filed in House.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference Report 97-748 Filed in House.
Aug 12, 1982Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conferees agreed to file conference report.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference committee actions: Conferees agreed to file conference report.
Aug 3, 1982Resolving differencesResolving differences · House Agreed to Request for Conference and Speaker Appointed Conferees: de la Garza, Udall, Weaver, Seiberling, Foley, Williams (MT), Brown (CA), Skeen, Clausen, Morrison, Pashayan, Chappie.
Resolving differencesResolving differences · House Disagreed to Senate Amendments by Unanimous Consent.
Jul 21, 1982Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate insists on its amendments, asks for a conference, appoints conferees McClure; Hatfield; Wallop; Jackson; Bumpers.
FloorFloor · Passed Senate in lieu of S. 2133 with an amendment and an amendment to the Title by Voice Vote.
Jul 19, 1982FloorFloor · Passed House (Amended) by Voice Vote.
CommitteeCommittee · Discharged from House Agriculture Committee
Jul 15, 1982CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Agriculture Committee
CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Natural Resources Committee
Jun 23, 1982CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Agriculture Committee
CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Natural Resources Committee
Jun 14, 1982CommitteeCommittee · Reported by National Parks and Public Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
CommitteeCommittee · Markup by National Parks and Public Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
Jun 9, 1982CommitteeCommittee · Referred to National Parks and Public Lands Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
Jun 3, 1982CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Agriculture Committee
CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Natural Resources Committee
IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House

Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.