An Act to amend the act of October 2, 1968, an act to establish a Redwood National Park in the State of California, and for other purposes.
Public Law 95-250 · H.R. 3813 · 95th Congress · began in the House
Signed by Jimmy Carter (D) on Mar 27, 1978 · Public Lands and Natural Resources
Sponsor: Rep. Phillip Burton (D-CA-6)
Cosponsors (24): Rep. Morris Udall, Rep. Robert Kastenmeier,
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 317 yea, 60 nay317–60
- SenateRecorded vote: 63 yea, 26 nay63–26
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
=Title I:= Amends the Act entitled "An Act to establish a Redwood National Park in the state of California" by increasing from 58,000 to 106,000, the acreage limitation of the park and revising the maps to reflect such changes. Permits the acceptance by donation of any State-owned lands, subject to certain conditions or reverters. Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to expend appropriated funds for the management of these lands as well as for construction, design, and maintenance of facilities on them, notwithstanding any other provision of law.
Vests title in the United States to all real property within the area indicated as "Proposed Additions" on the map entitled "Additional Lands, Redwood National Park, California," numbered 167-80005D, as well as the down tree personal property within such area. Allows the Secretary to permit the removal of down tree personal property.
Provides that any action against the United States for the recovery of just compensation will lie in the United States district court for the district wherein the land is located. Permits the United States to initiate proceedings before the district court to determine just compensation, and to deposit payments for the property acquired with the court in advance, which will stop interest running on the deposited amounts.
Permits the Secretary to revest title to any real or personal property which he determines not to be necessary for the purposes of such Act, except that for which just compensation has already been paid. Permits the Secretary to sell any down timber which may be removed without damaging the park without regard to the usual procedures for the disposal of Federal excess property, and credit the proceeds of such sales to the Treasury of the United States.
Allows the Secretary to convey a right-of-way to the State of California for a bypass highway around the eastern perimeter of Prairie Creek Redwood State Park. Requires that the Secretary convey the right-of-way, subject to any protective conditions he may deem necessary. Provides that such route shall be considered a publicly-owned highway, for purposes of such Act.
Repeals the 60 day waiting period on the execution of any contracts or cooperative agreements, or on any acquisition of interests in lands on the periphery of the park and on watersheds tributary to streams within the park. Authorizes the appropriation of such sums as may be necessary for the implementation of such contracts and cooperative agreements. Declares the intent of Congress that any such contracts or agreements will provide for the maximum retention of senior employees by any owners of peripheral property, and the use of such employees in rehabilitation and related management programs.
Authorizes the Secretary, through contracts or cooperative agreements with public or private entities, to implement a rehabilitation program for areas both within and upstream from the park which are contributing sedimentation due to past road and logging activity. Stipulates that authority to make such payments is limited to those amounts provided for by appropriations. Provides that such contracts and agreements will be subject to other conditions which the Secretary may determine to be necessary to protect the park, provide employment opportunities for those affected by the expansion, and benefit the economies of the local counties.
Directs the Secretary to study erosion and sedimentation within the Redwood Creek basin, with particular effort to identify both man-caused and natural sources and causes of erosion, and adapt his management plan for the area to benefit from the studies. Requires the Secretary, or the Secretary of Agriculture where appropriate, to manage any additional lands within the hydrographic basin of Rock Creek to minimize sedimentation, and coordinate plans for sediment management in the basin. Permits the Secretary to authorize access to such areas by designated persons as needed to carry out such duties and to develop further scientific and professional information on the redwood forest ecosystem.
States that such activities as are authorized shall be conducted in light of the integrity of the National Park System and shall not be exercised in derogation of the values for which such areas were established, except as may have been provided by Congress.
Provides that provisions for the taking of lands under such Act will vest on the date of enactment. Provides that such sums as may be necessary may be expended from the appropriations authorized for fiscal years 1978 and following, to pay for land acquisition and down tree personal property. Directs the appropriate cabinet officers to analyze the federal actions which can be taken to assist the economies of the area, and to submit a report of the analysis, as well as recommendations for action, to the Congress. Directs the appropriate Departments to take actions within the framework of existing programs to assist the area economy. Provides for the establishment of employment programs to provide jobs to persons affected by the park expansion, and to contribute to the economic revival of the Del Norte and Humboldt counties, in Northern California. Authorizes the appropriation of such sums as may be necessary to carry out such provisions.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to submit to Congress, within one year of the enactment of this Act, a report concerning the timber harvest scheduling alternatives for the Six Rivers National Forest.
Authorizes the Secretary to appoint specific numbers of additional employees for the park. Authorizes the transfer of affected State civil service employees to the National Park Service. Requires the Secretary to give full consideration to individuals affected by the expansion area. Details the manner in which employment opportunities will be provided both in Federal jobs and in the private sector. Directs the Secretary to provide appropriate job training and related benefits, as well as to seek the cooperation of all levels of government in this program.
Requires the Secretary to submit annual written reports to the Congress for ten years. States that such reports will be concerned with the various programs authorized by such Act. Requires the Secretary no later than January 1, 1980, to submit to the appropriate committees of the Congress a comprehensive general management plan.
Authorizes to be appropriated $33,000,000 to carry out the rehabilitation programs, effective October 1, 1978.
Provides for the continued application of the Payments in Lieu of Taxes Act to the expanded national park. Defines the Redwoods Community College District as an affected school district for such purposes.
Directs that it shall be a purpose of this Act to maintain the employment levels of the Redwoods United, Incorporated.
Pledges the full faith and credit of the United States to promptly pay just compensation for the lands and properties taken by this Act.
=Title II:= Authorizes the Secretary of Labor to develop the necessary procedures to implement this title.
Defines those employees considered to be affected by the expansion of Redwood National Park. Limits the number of employees to be so defined in certain portions of the local forest products industry.
Provides for the protection and accrual of various rights and benefits of affected employees, to the maximum extent feasible. Authorizes the Secretary of Interior to enter into agreements to accomplish such protections, including making payments on behalf of employees.
Establishes the manner in which employee eligibility for the program will be determined. Defines the manner in which an individual employee's period of protection will be calculated. Sets the amount of layoff and vacation benefits which may be paid to an employee, including various deductions. Provides for the extension of benefits for certain older employees who would otherwise lose benefits before age 65.
Limits the eligibility for benefits of certain employees who have fewer than five years credit in pension plans which are contributed to by affected employers. Provides for a severance payment to certain employees.
Defines "short-service employees" and states their rights and privileges under the Act.
Empowers the Secretary to authorize the funding of retraining of affected employees when found necessary. Provides for the payment of job search and relocation allowances to affected employees.
Sets forth the duties of the Secretary of Interior concerning such Act. Authorizes the annual appropriation of such sums as may be required to meet the obligations of this Title, effective October 1, 1977.
Who voted for it
Every House member of the 95th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 318 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
318 yea60 nay56 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(229)
- Rep. Parren MitchellD-MD-7
- Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-21
- Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-25
- Rep. Phillip BurtonD-CA-6
- Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
- Rep. Anthony BeilensonD-CA-23
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-19- Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-10
- Rep. James CormanD-CA-21
- Rep. Frederick RichmondD-NY-14
- Rep. Gus HawkinsD-CA-29
Rep. John ConyersD-MI-1- Rep. Robert GarciaD-NY-21
- Rep. Yvonne BurkeD-CA-28
- Rep. Richard BollingD-MO-5
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-9- Rep. Shirley ChisholmD-NY-12
- Rep. Benjamin RosenthalD-NY-8
- Rep. Jonathan BinghamD-NY-22
- Rep. John McFallD-CA-14
- Rep. Frank ThompsonD-NJ-4
- Rep. George BrownD-CA-36
- Rep. Theodore WeissD-NY-20
- Rep. Lloyd MeedsD-WA-2
- Rep. George DanielsonD-CA-30
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8- Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-24- Rep. Charles DiggsD-MI-13
- Rep. William BurlisonD-MO-10
- Rep. John SeiberlingD-OH-14
- Rep. Paul SimonD-IL-24
Rep. Richard NolanD-MN-6- Rep. Robert KastenmeierD-WI-2
- Rep. David BoniorD-MI-12
- Rep. Robert EckhardtD-TX-8
- Rep. Peter RodinoD-NJ-10
- Rep. John BrademasD-IN-3
- Rep. Stephen SolarzD-NY-13
- Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
- Rep. Edward PattenD-NJ-15
- Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
- Rep. Harold JohnsonD-CA-1
Rep. Daniel AkakaD-HI-2
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7- Rep. James WrightD-TX-12
- Rep. William BrodheadD-MI-17
- Rep. Henry ReussD-WI-5
- Rep. Norman MinetaD-CA-13
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7- Rep. Elizabeth HoltzmanD-NY-16
- Rep. James ScheuerD-NY-11
- Rep. Donald FraserD-MN-5
- Rep. Ozzie MyersD-PA-1
- Rep. William MoorheadD-PA-14
- Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
- Rep. Daniel FloodD-PA-11
- Rep. Claude PepperD-FL-14
- Rep. John FaryD-IL-5
- Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
- Rep. Robert LeggettD-CA-4
- Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
- Rep. Albert UllmanD-OR-2
- Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
- Rep. Abner MikvaD-IL-10
- Rep. Teno RoncalioD-WY
Rep. Barbara MikulskiD-MD-3- Rep. Joshua EilbergD-PA-4
- Rep. Raymond LedererD-PA-3
- Rep. Alvin BaldusD-WI-3
- Rep. Harold FordD-TN-8
- Rep. Jerry PattersonD-CA-38
- Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
- Rep. James BurkeD-MA-11
- Rep. Lionel Van DeerlinD-CA-42
- Rep. Morris UdallD-AZ-2
- Rep. Joseph LeFanteD-NJ-14
- Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7- Rep. Frederick RooneyD-PA-15
- Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
- Rep. Richard OttingerD-NY-24
- Rep. Helen MeynerD-NJ-13
- Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-12
- Rep. Thomas AshleyD-OH-9
- Rep. Gene MaguireD-NJ-7
- Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
- Rep. Fernand St. GermainD-RI-1
- Rep. John BurtonD-CA-5
- Rep. George ShipleyD-IL-22
- Rep. Morgan MurphyD-IL-2
- Rep. Lucien NedziD-MI-14
- Rep. Robert DrinanD-MA-4
- Rep. John JenretteD-SC-6
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12- Rep. Don BonkerD-WA-3
- Rep. Paul TsongasD-MA-5
- Rep. Edward BeardD-RI-2
- Rep. Thomas SteedD-OK-4
- Rep. John DentD-PA-21
- Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
- Rep. Thomas DowneyD-NY-2
- Rep. Toby MoffettD-CT-6
- Rep. Charles VanikD-OH-22
- Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
- Rep. Bernice SiskD-CA-15
Rep. Christopher DoddD-CT-2- Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
- Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6- Rep. James DelaneyD-NY-9
- Rep. Thomas FoleyD-WA-5
- Rep. Leo RyanD-CA-11
- Rep. Mike McCormackD-WA-4
- Rep. William CotterD-CT-1
- Rep. Edward PattisonD-NY-29
- Rep. James BlanchardD-MI-18
- Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
- Rep. Lunsford PreyerD-NC-6
- Rep. John SlackD-WV-3
- Rep. Robert MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-7- Rep. Robert CornellD-WI-8
- Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
- Rep. Cecil HeftelD-HI-1
- Rep. Matthew McHughD-NY-27
- Rep. Robert EdgarD-PA-7
- Rep. Donald PeaseD-OH-13
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
- Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
- Rep. Henry NowakD-NY-37
- Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
- Rep. Robert YoungD-MO-2
- Rep. Herbert HarrisD-VA-8
- Rep. Gladys SpellmanD-MD-5
- Rep. James FlorioD-NJ-1
- Rep. Mark HannafordD-CA-34
- Rep. James HanleyD-NY-32
- Rep. Joseph FisherD-VA-10
- Rep. John KrebsD-CA-17
- Rep. Michael BlouinD-IA-2
- Rep. Albert GoreD-TN-4
- Rep. Bob CarrD-MI-6
- Rep. Adam BenjaminD-IN-1
- Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
- Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-32
- Rep. Kenneth HollandD-SC-5
- Rep. Leo ZeferettiD-NY-15
- Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
- Rep. Lester WolffD-NY-6
- Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
- Rep. Timothy WirthD-CO-2
- Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
- Rep. Ed JonesD-TN-7
- Rep. Douglas ApplegateD-OH-18
- Rep. Berkley BedellD-IA-6
- Rep. James LloydD-CA-35
- Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-36
Rep. Max BaucusD-MT-1- Rep. Clifford AllenD-TN-5
- Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
- Rep. Austin MurphyD-PA-22
- Rep. Bo GinnD-GA-1
- Rep. John BreckinridgeD-KY-6
- Rep. Walter JonesD-NC-1
- Rep. John CavanaughD-NE-2
- Rep. Ronnie FlippoD-AL-5
Rep. Tom HarkinD-IA-5- Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
- Rep. Douglas WalgrenD-PA-18
- Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
- Rep. Mendel DavisD-SC-1
- Rep. Wyche FowlerD-GA-5
- Rep. Martha KeysD-KS-2
- Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
- Rep. Joseph EarlyD-MA-3
- Rep. Ed JenkinsD-GA-9
- Rep. Jerome AmbroD-NY-3
- Rep. Walter FlowersD-AL-7
- Rep. Leon PanettaD-CA-16
- Rep. Samuel StrattonD-NY-28
- Rep. Don FuquaD-FL-2
- Rep. Jack HightowerD-TX-13
- Rep. Theodore RisenhooverD-OK-2
- Rep. James MattoxD-TX-5
- Rep. Abraham KazenD-TX-23
- Rep. Peter KostmayerD-PA-8
- Rep. Les AuCoinD-OR-1
- Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-10
- Rep. Paul RogersD-FL-11
- Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
- Rep. Harold VolkmerD-MO-9
- Rep. Norman D’AmoursD-NH-1
- Rep. Ike AndrewsD-NC-4
- Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
- Rep. Floyd FithianD-IN-2
- Rep. Robert SikesD-FL-1
- Rep. Vonno GudgerD-NC-11
- Rep. James MannD-SC-4
- Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
- Rep. Charles WhitleyD-NC-3
- Rep. Otis PikeD-NY-1
- Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
- Rep. Martin RussoD-IL-3
- Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
- Rep. David BowenD-MS-2
- Rep. Thomas LukenD-OH-2
- Rep. James JonesD-OK-1
- Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
- Rep. Stephen NealD-NC-5
- Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
- Rep. Herbert RobertsD-TX-4
- Rep. Jack BrinkleyD-GA-3
- Rep. Elliott LevitasD-GA-4
- Rep. Goodloe ByronD-MD-6
- Rep. Andy IrelandD-FL-8
- Rep. William ChappellD-FL-4
- Rep. Marvin MathisD-GA-2
- Rep. Daniel GlickmanD-KS-4
- Rep. Wes WatkinsD-OK-3
- Rep. Thomas HuckabyD-LA-5
- Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
- Rep. Robert GammageD-TX-22
- Rep. David EvansD-IN-6
- Rep. Glenn EnglishD-OK-6
- Rep. William PoageD-TX-11
- Rep. Sonny MontgomeryD-MS-3
- Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-11
- Rep. Ronald MottlD-OH-23
Republicans who voted yea(89)
- Rep. Charles WhalenR-OH-3
- Rep. Newton SteersR-MD-8
- Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
- Rep. Stewart McKinneyR-CT-4
- Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-34
- Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
- Rep. Harold HollenbeckR-NJ-9
- Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-26
- Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
- Rep. Marc MarksR-PA-24
- Rep. Tim CarterR-KY-5
- Rep. John BuchananR-AL-6
- Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
- Rep. William WalshR-NY-33
- Rep. Millicent FenwickR-NJ-5
- Rep. Thomas RailsbackR-IL-19
- Rep. Edward MadiganR-IL-21
- Rep. Joe SkubitzR-KS-5
- Rep. Mark AndrewsR-ND
- Rep. Joel PritchardR-WA-1
- Rep. Jack EdwardsR-AL-1
- Rep. Jim JohnsonR-CO-4
- Rep. Jim JeffordsR-VT
- Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
- Rep. John StantonR-OH-11
- Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
- Rep. Albert QuieR-MN-1
- Rep. Carl PursellR-MI-2
- Rep. Ronald SarasinR-CT-5
- Rep. Elwood HillisR-IN-5
- Rep. William HarshaR-OH-6
- Rep. David EmeryR-ME-1
- Rep. Harold SawyerR-MI-5
- Rep. Bruce CaputoR-NY-23
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16- Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
- Rep. George WhitehurstR-VA-2
- Rep. Thomas EvansR-DE
- Rep. John DuncanR-TN-2
- Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
- Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
- Rep. Charles ThoneR-NE-1
- Rep. Chalmers WylieR-OH-15
Rep. Thad CochranR-MS-4- Rep. Ronald MarleneeR-MT-2
- Rep. William MooreR-LA-6
- Rep. Paul TribleR-VA-1
- Rep. Guy Vander JagtR-MI-9
- Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
- Rep. Herbert BurkeR-FL-12
- Rep. Clair BurgenerR-CA-43
- Rep. Virginia SmithR-NE-3
- Rep. Earl ColemanR-MO-6
- Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
- Rep. Edward DerwinskiR-IL-4
- Rep. Keith SebeliusR-KS-1
- Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
- Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
- Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
- Rep. Manuel LujánR-NM-1
- Rep. Robert McCloryR-IL-13
- Rep. Robert LivingstonR-LA-1
Rep. Trent LottR-MS-5- Rep. Louis FreyR-FL-9
- Rep. Robin BeardR-TN-6
- Rep. Willis GradisonR-OH-1
- Rep. James ClevelandR-NH-2
- Rep. Robert KastenR-WI-9
- Rep. Thomas CorcoranR-IL-15
- Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
- Rep. William DickinsonR-AL-2
- Rep. John ErlenbornR-IL-14
- Rep. Bob WilsonR-CA-41
- Rep. Skip BafalisR-FL-10
- Rep. Robert LagomarsinoR-CA-19
- Rep. Gary MyersR-PA-25
- Rep. James MartinR-NC-9
- Rep. Garry BrownR-MI-3
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6- Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
- Rep. Clarence BrownR-OH-7
Rep. Chuck GrassleyR-IA-3- Rep. John WydlerR-NY-5
- Rep. William SteigerR-WI-6
- Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-22
- Rep. Delbert LattaR-OH-5
- Rep. Clarence MillerR-OH-10
- Rep. William ArmstrongR-CO-5
- Rep. Dan QuayleR-IN-4
Data notes
The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 826 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 22 actions.
- Mar 27, 1978Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- PresidentPresident · Public Law 95-250.
- Mar 22, 1978PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
- PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in Senate.
- PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in House.
- Mar 21, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #73 (63-26).Senate roll call 73
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #73 (63-26).Senate roll call 73
- Mar 14, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · House agreed to conference report, roll call #148 (317-60).House roll call 148
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House agreed to conference report, roll call #148 (317-60).House roll call 148
- Mar 8, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 95-931.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 95-931.
- Mar 3, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in House.
- Feb 28, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in Senate.
- FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended (inserted text of S. 1976 as passed Senate).
- FloorFloor · Measure called up by unanimous consent in Senate.
- Feb 9, 1978FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #53 (328-60).House roll call 53
- FloorFloor · Motion to recommit to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs with instructions rejected in House, roll call #52 (116-274).House roll call 52
- Sep 23, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Appropriations Committee
- Sep 7, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Appropriations Committee
- Aug 5, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Natural Resources Committee
- Feb 22, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Natural Resources Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.






