Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978
Public Law 95-237 · H.R. 3454 · 95th Congress · began in the House
Signed by Jimmy Carter (D) on Feb 24, 1978 · Animals
Sponsor: Rep. Morris Udall (D-AZ-2)
Cosponsors: None
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 333 yea, 44 nay333–44
- SenateRecorded vote: 83 yea, 5 nay83–5
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
Endangered American Wilderness Act - Designates specified lands in the following national forests as components of the National Wilderness Preservation System: (1) Coronado National Forest, Arizona; (2) Inyo and Sequoia National Forests, California; (3) Los Padres National Forest, California; (4) White River National Forest, Colorado; (5) Cibola National Forest, New Mexico; (6) Santa Fe and Carson National Forests, New Mexico; (7) Wasatch and Unita National Forest, Utah; (8) Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon; (9) Umatilla National Forest, Oregon and Washington; (10) Mount Hood National Forest, Oregon; (11) Willamette National Forest, Oregon; (12) Medicine Bow National Forest, Wyoming; and (13) Lolo National Forest, Montana.
Designates certain lands in the Nez Perce National Forest, Idaho, as the Gospel-Hump Area. Establishes an advisory committee on the management of the Gospel-Hump Area to Advise the Secretary of Agriculture as to the progress of the fish and game research programs, and the multipurpose resource development plan.
Authorizes the Secretary to make grants of funds to agencies and institutions of the State of Idaho to carry out the comprehensive fish and game research program.
Requires the Secretary, within four years of the enactment of this Act, to implement a multipurpose resource development plan.
Directs the Secretary to prepare a wilderness management plan pursuant to this Act.
Who voted for it
Every House member of the 95th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 335 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
335 yea45 nay52 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(237)
- Rep. Parren MitchellD-MD-7
- Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-21
- Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-25
- Rep. Phillip BurtonD-CA-6
- Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
- Rep. Anthony BeilensonD-CA-23
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-19- Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-10
- Rep. James CormanD-CA-21
- Rep. Frederick RichmondD-NY-14
- Rep. Gus HawkinsD-CA-29
Rep. John ConyersD-MI-1- Rep. John MossD-CA-3
- Rep. Richard BollingD-MO-5
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-9- Rep. Shirley ChisholmD-NY-12
- Rep. Benjamin RosenthalD-NY-8
- Rep. Ronald DellumsD-CA-8
- Rep. Robert NixD-PA-2
- Rep. Ralph MetcalfeD-IL-1
- Rep. Jonathan BinghamD-NY-22
- Rep. Theodore WeissD-NY-20
- Rep. Lloyd MeedsD-WA-2
- Rep. George DanielsonD-CA-30
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8- Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-24- Rep. William BurlisonD-MO-10
- Rep. John SeiberlingD-OH-14
- Rep. Paul SimonD-IL-24
Rep. Richard NolanD-MN-6- Rep. Robert KastenmeierD-WI-2
- Rep. Barbara JordanD-TX-18
- Rep. David BoniorD-MI-12
- Rep. Peter RodinoD-NJ-10
- Rep. John BrademasD-IN-3
- Rep. Stephen SolarzD-NY-13
- Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
- Rep. Edward PattenD-NJ-15
- Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
- Rep. Harold JohnsonD-CA-1
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-CA-31
Rep. Daniel AkakaD-HI-2
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7- Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-15
- Rep. William BrodheadD-MI-17
- Rep. Henry ReussD-WI-5
- Rep. Norman MinetaD-CA-13
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7- Rep. Elizabeth HoltzmanD-NY-16
- Rep. James ScheuerD-NY-11
- Rep. Donald FraserD-MN-5
- Rep. William MoorheadD-PA-14
- Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
- Rep. Daniel FloodD-PA-11
- Rep. Claude PepperD-FL-14
- Rep. John FaryD-IL-5
- Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
- Rep. Charles CarneyD-OH-19
- Rep. Robert LeggettD-CA-4
- Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
- Rep. John MurphyD-NY-17
- Rep. Albert UllmanD-OR-2
- Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
- Rep. Abner MikvaD-IL-10
- Rep. Teno RoncalioD-WY
Rep. Barbara MikulskiD-MD-3- Rep. Joshua EilbergD-PA-4
- Rep. Raymond LedererD-PA-3
- Rep. Alvin BaldusD-WI-3
- Rep. Harold FordD-TN-8
- Rep. Robert DuncanD-OR-3
- Rep. Jerry PattersonD-CA-38
- Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
- Rep. James BurkeD-MA-11
- Rep. Lionel Van DeerlinD-CA-42
- Rep. Morris UdallD-AZ-2
- Rep. Joseph LeFanteD-NJ-14
- Rep. Frank EvansD-CO-3
- Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7- Rep. Frederick RooneyD-PA-15
- Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
- Rep. Richard OttingerD-NY-24
- Rep. Helen MeynerD-NJ-13
- Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-12
- Rep. James WeaverD-OR-4
- Rep. Thomas AshleyD-OH-9
- Rep. Gene MaguireD-NJ-7
- Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
- Rep. Bill AlexanderD-AR-1
- Rep. Fernand St. GermainD-RI-1
- Rep. John BurtonD-CA-5
- Rep. Leslie AspinD-WI-1
- Rep. Morgan MurphyD-IL-2
- Rep. Robert GiaimoD-CT-3
- Rep. Lucien NedziD-MI-14
- Rep. Robert DrinanD-MA-4
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-4- Rep. Don BonkerD-WA-3
- Rep. William LehmanD-FL-13
- Rep. Paul TsongasD-MA-5
- Rep. Thomas SteedD-OK-4
- Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
- Rep. Thomas DowneyD-NY-2
- Rep. Toby MoffettD-CT-6
- Rep. Charles VanikD-OH-22
- Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
Rep. Christopher DoddD-CT-2- Rep. Gillis LongD-LA-8
- Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
- Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6- Rep. James DelaneyD-NY-9
- Rep. Leo RyanD-CA-11
- Rep. Mike McCormackD-WA-4
- Rep. William CotterD-CT-1
- Rep. Edward PattisonD-NY-29
- Rep. James BlanchardD-MI-18
- Rep. Stanley LundineD-NY-39
- Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
- Rep. Lunsford PreyerD-NC-6
- Rep. John SlackD-WV-3
- Rep. Robert MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-7- Rep. Mary OakarD-OH-20
- Rep. Robert CornellD-WI-8
- Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
- Rep. Cecil HeftelD-HI-1
- Rep. Matthew McHughD-NY-27
- Rep. Robert EdgarD-PA-7
- Rep. Donald PeaseD-OH-13
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
- Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
- Rep. Henry NowakD-NY-37
- Rep. Joseph AmmermanD-PA-23
- Rep. Robert YoungD-MO-2
- Rep. Herbert HarrisD-VA-8
- Rep. Mario BiaggiD-NY-10
- Rep. James FlorioD-NJ-1
- Rep. Mark HannafordD-CA-34
- Rep. James HanleyD-NY-32
- Rep. Joseph FisherD-VA-10
- Rep. Koln McKayD-UT-1
- Rep. John KrebsD-CA-17
- Rep. Michael BlouinD-IA-2
- Rep. Albert GoreD-TN-4
- Rep. Bob CarrD-MI-6
- Rep. Adam BenjaminD-IN-1
- Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
- Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-32
- Rep. Kenneth HollandD-SC-5
- Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
- Rep. David CornwellD-IN-8
- Rep. Lester WolffD-NY-6
- Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
- Rep. Timothy WirthD-CO-2
- Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
- Rep. Douglas ApplegateD-OH-18
- Rep. Berkley BedellD-IA-6
- Rep. James LloydD-CA-35
- Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-36
Rep. Max BaucusD-MT-1- Rep. Clifford AllenD-TN-5
- Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
- Rep. Austin MurphyD-PA-22
- Rep. Bo GinnD-GA-1
- Rep. John BreckinridgeD-KY-6
- Rep. Walter JonesD-NC-1
- Rep. John CavanaughD-NE-2
- Rep. Ronnie FlippoD-AL-5
Rep. Tom HarkinD-IA-5- Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
- Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
- Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
- Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
- Rep. Mendel DavisD-SC-1
- Rep. Wyche FowlerD-GA-5
- Rep. Martha KeysD-KS-2
- Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
- Rep. Joseph EarlyD-MA-3
- Rep. Jerome AmbroD-NY-3
- Rep. Walter FlowersD-AL-7
- Rep. Leon PanettaD-CA-16
- Rep. Samuel StrattonD-NY-28
- Rep. Don FuquaD-FL-2
- Rep. Jack HightowerD-TX-13
- Rep. James MattoxD-TX-5
- Rep. Peter KostmayerD-PA-8
- Rep. Les AuCoinD-OR-1
- Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-10
- Rep. Paul RogersD-FL-11
- Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
- Rep. Harold VolkmerD-MO-9
- Rep. Norman D’AmoursD-NH-1
- Rep. Ike AndrewsD-NC-4
- Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
- Rep. Carroll HubbardD-KY-1
- Rep. Floyd FithianD-IN-2
- Rep. Billy EvansD-GA-8
- Rep. Vonno GudgerD-NC-11
- Rep. James MannD-SC-4
- Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
- Rep. Allen ErtelD-PA-17
- Rep. Druie BarnardD-GA-10
- Rep. Charles WhitleyD-NC-3
- Rep. Otis PikeD-NY-1
- Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
- Rep. Martin RussoD-IL-3
- Rep. James SantiniD-NV
- Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
- Rep. David BowenD-MS-2
- Rep. James JonesD-OK-1
- Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
- Rep. Stephen NealD-NC-5
- Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
- Rep. Herbert RobertsD-TX-4
- Rep. Jack BrinkleyD-GA-3
- Rep. Elliott LevitasD-GA-4
- Rep. Goodloe ByronD-MD-6
- Rep. William ChappellD-FL-4
- Rep. William NicholsD-AL-3
- Rep. Daniel GlickmanD-KS-4
- Rep. John BreauxD-LA-7
- Rep. Thomas HuckabyD-LA-5
- Rep. Lawrence FountainD-NC-2
- Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
- Rep. Dale MilfordD-TX-24
- Rep. David EvansD-IN-6
- Rep. Glenn EnglishD-OK-6
- Rep. Sam HallD-TX-1
- Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-11
- Rep. Ronald MottlD-OH-23
- Rep. Richard IchordD-MO-8
- Rep. Harold RunnelsD-NM-2
- Rep. David SatterfieldD-VA-3
Republicans who voted yea(98)
- Rep. Newton SteersR-MD-8
- Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
- Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
- Rep. Harold HollenbeckR-NJ-9
- Rep. Margaret HecklerR-MA-10
- Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-26
- Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
- Rep. Marc MarksR-PA-24
- Rep. Tim CarterR-KY-5
- Rep. John BuchananR-AL-6
- Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
- Rep. William WalshR-NY-33
- Rep. Millicent FenwickR-NJ-5
- Rep. Thomas RailsbackR-IL-19
- Rep. Edward MadiganR-IL-21
- Rep. Mark AndrewsR-ND
- Rep. Joel PritchardR-WA-1
- Rep. Jack EdwardsR-AL-1
- Rep. Jim JohnsonR-CO-4
- Rep. Jim JeffordsR-VT
- Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
- Rep. Larry PresslerR-SD-1
- Rep. John StantonR-OH-11
- Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
- Rep. Albert QuieR-MN-1
- Rep. Carl PursellR-MI-2
- Rep. William WamplerR-VA-9
- Rep. Ronald SarasinR-CT-5
- Rep. Elwood HillisR-IN-5
- Rep. William HarshaR-OH-6
- Rep. Harold SawyerR-MI-5
- Rep. Bruce CaputoR-NY-23
- Rep. Elford CederbergR-MI-10
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16- Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
- Rep. George WhitehurstR-VA-2
- Rep. Shirley PettisR-CA-37
- Rep. John DuncanR-TN-2
- Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
- Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
- Rep. Charles ThoneR-NE-1
- Rep. Chalmers WylieR-OH-15
Rep. Thad CochranR-MS-4- Rep. Ronald MarleneeR-MT-2
- Rep. William MooreR-LA-6
- Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
- Rep. Tennyson GuyerR-OH-4
- Rep. Paul TribleR-VA-1
- Rep. Guy Vander JagtR-MI-9
- Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
- Rep. Herbert BurkeR-FL-12
- Rep. Virginia SmithR-NE-3
- Rep. Earl ColemanR-MO-6
- Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
- Rep. Edward DerwinskiR-IL-4
- Rep. Keith SebeliusR-KS-1
- Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
- Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
- Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
- Rep. Manuel LujánR-NM-1
- Rep. Robert McCloryR-IL-13
- Rep. Robert LivingstonR-LA-1
- Rep. Louis FreyR-FL-9
- Rep. Marion SnyderR-KY-4
- Rep. Robin BeardR-TN-6
- Rep. Willis GradisonR-OH-1
- Rep. James ClevelandR-NH-2
- Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
- Rep. Robert KastenR-WI-9
- Rep. Thomas CorcoranR-IL-15
- Rep. William BroomfieldR-MI-19
- Rep. Thomas HagedornR-MN-2
- Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
- Rep. John ErlenbornR-IL-14
- Rep. Bob WilsonR-CA-41
- Rep. James BroyhillR-NC-10
- Rep. Skip BafalisR-FL-10
- Rep. Robert LagomarsinoR-CA-19
- Rep. David TreenR-LA-3
- Rep. Gary MyersR-PA-25
- Rep. James MartinR-NC-9
- Rep. Garry BrownR-MI-3
- Rep. Robert MichelR-IL-18
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6- Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
- Rep. Clarence BrownR-OH-7
- Rep. Barry GoldwaterR-CA-20
- Rep. John WydlerR-NY-5
- Rep. Barber ConableR-NY-35
- Rep. Gene TaylorR-MO-7
- Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
- Rep. David StockmanR-MI-4
- Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-22
- Rep. Delbert LattaR-OH-5
- Rep. Clarence MillerR-OH-10
- Rep. Robert WalkerR-PA-16
- Rep. Richard KellyR-FL-5
- Rep. Dan QuayleR-IN-4
Data notes
The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 750 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 26 actions.
- Feb 24, 1978Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- PresidentPresident · Public Law 95-237.
- Feb 14, 1978PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
- PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in Senate.
- PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in House.
- Feb 9, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · House receded and concurred in Senate amendment.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · House agreed to conference report, roll call #54 (333-44).House roll call 54
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House agreed to conference report, roll call #54 (333-44).House roll call 54
- Feb 8, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #31 (83-5).Senate roll call 31
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #31 (83-5).Senate roll call 31
- Feb 7, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report considered in Senate.
- Jan 31, 1978Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in Senate, S. Rept. 95-626.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in Senate, S. Rept. 95-626.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 95-861.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 95-861.
- Oct 28, 1977Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in Senate.
- Oct 27, 1977Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in House.
- Oct 20, 1977FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended, roll call #573 (89-3).Senate roll call 573
- FloorFloor · Measure called up by unanimous consent in Senate.
- Oct 11, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
- Sep 13, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
- Sep 12, 1977FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #536 (380-18).House roll call 536
- FloorFloor · Measure called up under motion to suspend rules and pass in House.
- Jul 27, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Natural Resources Committee
- Feb 9, 1977CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Natural Resources Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.