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Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act

Public Law 93-638 · S. 1017 · 93rd Congress · began in the Senate

Signed by Gerald Ford (R) on Jan 4, 1975 · Native Americans

Sponsor: Sen. Scoop Jackson (D-WA)

Cosponsors (13): Sen. James Abourezk,

Passage votes

  • HouseMethod not stated
  • SenateMethod not stated
Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act - Declares that the Congress recognizes a Federal obligation to be responsive to the principle of self-determination through Indian involvement, participation, and direction of educational and service programs.

Sets reporting requirements for Federal audits on the part of contractors. Provides for criminal penalties for embezzlement and fraud in connection with contracts.

Requires that wage and labor standards of the Davis - Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 276) are applied to contracts under this Act.

Grants perference to Indians in training and employment in the administration of contracts and grants under this Act.

Authorizes the carry-over of funds from one fiscal year to the next.

=Title I: The Indian Self-Determination Act= - Indian Self-Determination Act - Directs the Secretary of the Interior, at the request of a tribe, to contract with any tribal organization to carry out the services and programs the Federal Government provides to Indians. Provides a procedure for the determination of the advisability of a particular contract and details the procedure by which the Secretary may decline to enter into a proposed contract. Provides that the Secretary may require any tribe requesting a contract to obtain adequate liability insurance coverage.

Authorizes the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to contract out the functions of the Indian Health Services to tribal organizations.

Authorizes the Secretaries of Interior and Health, Education, and Welfare to make grants to tribal organizations to facilitate and implement contracting.

Provides for assignment of personnel from throughout the Federal Government to the contracting Indian tribes without any interruption in their service or military benefits or status.

Sets forth standards for making and amending contracts. Provides that the Indian contractor must apply the same standards in the implementation of the contract as would the Federal Government.

Preserves the existing sovereign immunity of any Indian tribe. Preserves the existing trust responsibility of the United States with respect to the Indian people.

=Title II: Indian Education Assistance Act= - Indian Education Assistance Act - Provides for contracts between the Secretary of the Interior and States or Indian tribes to assist local school districts in educating Indian children.

Prohibits the Secretary of the Interior from entering into any contract for the education of Indians unless the prospective contractor has submitted to, and has had approved by the Secretary of the Interior, an education plan, which plan, in the determination of the Secretary, contains educational objectives which adequately address the educational needs of the Indian students who are to be beneficiaries of the contract and assures that the contractor is capable of meeting such objectives.

Provides that whenever a school district affected by a contract or contracts for the education of Indians pursuant to this Act has a local school board not composed of a majority of Indians, the parents of the Indian children enrolled in the school or schools affected by such contract or contracts shall elect a local committee from among their number. Requires that such committee fully participate in the development of, and have the authority to approve or disapprove programs to be conducted under such contract or contracts, and carry out such other duties, and be so structured, as the Secretary of the Interior shall by regulation provide.

Authorizes the Secretary to enter into a contract or contracts with any State education agency or school district for the purpose of assisting such agency or district in the acquisition of sites for, or the construction, acquisition, or renovation of, facilities (including all necessary equipment) in school districts on or adjacent to or in close proximity to any Indian reservation or other lands held in trust by the United States for Indians, if such facilities are necessary for the education of Indians residing on any such reservation or lands.

Prohibits funds from any grant or contract pursuant to this title to be made available to any school district unless the Secretary is satisfied that the quality and standard of education, including facilities and auxiliary services, for Indian students enrolled in the schools of such district are at least equal to that provided all other students from resources, other than resources provided in this title, available to the local school district.

Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 12 actions.

  1. Jan 4, 1975Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
  2. PresidentPresident · Public law 93-638.
  3. Dec 24, 1974PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
  4. Dec 19, 1974Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to House amendments.
  5. FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended.
  6. Dec 16, 1974CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Natural Resources Committee
  7. Apr 3, 1974CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Natural Resources Committee
  8. Apr 1, 1974FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended.
  9. Mar 28, 1974CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
  10. Mar 7, 1974CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
  11. Feb 8, 1974FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended.
  12. Feb 26, 1973IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate
Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.