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Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001

Public Law 107-99 · S. 494 · 107th Congress · began in the Senate

Signed by George W. Bush (R) on Dec 21, 2001 · International Affairs

Sponsor: Sen. Bill Frist (R-TN)

Cosponsors (4): Sen. Russell Feingold,

Passage votesYeaNay

  • HouseRecorded vote: 396 yea, 11 nay396–11
  • SenateUnanimous consent
Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 - Declares it is U.S. policy to support the people of Zimbabwe in their struggles to effect peaceful, democratic change, achieve broad-based and equitable economic growth, and restore the rule of law.

(Sec. 4) Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to review, and expresses the sense of Congress that the Secretary should instruct U.S. executive directors to multilateral development banks and international financial institutions to propose review of, the cancellation or reduction of indebtedness owed by, or the extension of loans, credit, or guarantees to, the Government of Zimbabwe upon the President's certification to the appropriate congressional committees that: (1) the rule of law has been restored in Zimbabwe; (2) certain election or pre-election conditions have been met; (3) the Government of Zimbabwe has demonstrated a commitment to an equitable, legal, and transparent land reform program that is consistent with agreements reached at the International Donors' Conference on Land Reform and Resettlement in Zimbabwe held in Harare, Zimbabwe, in September 1998; (4) such Government is making a good faith effort to fulfill the terms of the Lusaka, Zambia, agreement in ending the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo; and (5) the Zimbabwean Armed Forces, the National Police of Zimbabwe, and other state security forces have become subordinate to the elected civilian Government. Directs the Secretary to instruct such U.S. executive directors to oppose such assistance to Zimbabwe until such certification is made. Authorizes the President to waive such requirements if it is in the national interest of the United States.

(Sec. 5) Authorizes the President to provide certain foreign assistance funds to Zimbabwe to support the establishment of democratic institutions, free press and independent media, and the rule of law. Authorizes appropriations for FY 2002.

(Sec. 6) Urges the President to consult immediately with the governments of European Union member states, Canada, and other appropriate foreign countries on identifying and imposing travel and economic sanctions against individuals responsible for the breakdown of the rule of law, politically motivated violence, and intimidation in Zimbabwe.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 107th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 396 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

396 yea11 nay27 present or did not vote

Dimension 2
Economic left–right
More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(195)

  • Rep. Bob FilnerD-CA-50
  • Rep. Jim McDermottD-WA-7
  • Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-13
  • Rep. Maxine WatersD-CA-35
  • Rep. John ConyersD-MI-14
  • Rep. Barbara LeeD-CA-9
  • Rep. John OlverD-MA-1
  • Rep. Maurice HincheyD-NY-26
  • Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
  • Rep. Jan SchakowskyD-IL-9
  • Rep. Michael CapuanoD-MA-8
  • Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4
  • Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10
  • Rep. Tammy BaldwinD-WI-2
  • Rep. Jim McGovernD-MA-3
  • Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
  • Rep. Lynn WoolseyD-CA-6
  • Rep. Major OwensD-NY-11
  • Rep. John TierneyD-MA-6
  • Rep. Jesse JacksonD-IL-2
  • Rep. John LewisD-GA-5
  • Rep. Bernie SandersD-VT
  • Rep. Mike HondaD-CA-15
  • Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
  • Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
  • Rep. Alcee HastingsD-FL-23
  • Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-28
  • Rep. Earl HilliardD-AL-7
  • Rep. Mel WattD-NC-12
  • Rep. Sherrod BrownD-OH-13
  • Rep. Tom UdallD-NM-3
  • Rep. David BoniorD-MI-10
  • Rep. Diana DeGetteD-CO-1
  • Rep. Hilda SolisD-CA-31
  • Rep. Bill DelahuntD-MA-10
  • Rep. Lloyd DoggettD-TX-10
  • Rep. Nydia VelázquezD-NY-12
  • Rep. Diane WatsonD-CA-32
  • Rep. Robert BradyD-PA-1
  • Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
  • Rep. Jerrold NadlerD-NY-8
  • Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
  • Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
  • Rep. Bennie ThompsonD-MS-2
  • Rep. Sam FarrD-CA-17
  • Rep. Danny DavisD-IL-7
  • Rep. Wm. ClayD-MO-1
  • Rep. Chaka FattahD-PA-2
  • Rep. Mark UdallD-CO-2
  • Rep. Xavier BecerraD-CA-30
  • Rep. Eva ClaytonD-NC-1
  • Rep. Lucille Roybal-AllardD-CA-33
  • Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1
  • Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-15
  • Rep. Earl BlumenauerD-OR-3
  • Rep. Rush HoltD-NJ-12
  • Rep. Luis GutiérrezD-IL-4
  • Rep. Bobby ScottD-VA-3
  • Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-6
  • Rep. Eddie JohnsonD-TX-30
  • Rep. Ed TownsD-NY-10
  • Rep. Bart StupakD-MI-1
  • Rep. Sheila Jackson LeeD-TX-18
  • Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
  • Rep. Michael McNultyD-NY-21
  • Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
  • Rep. Lynn RiversD-MI-13
  • Rep. Carrie MeekD-FL-17
  • Rep. Grace NapolitanoD-CA-34
  • Rep. Mike ThompsonD-CA-1
  • Rep. Lane EvansD-IL-17
  • Rep. Thomas BarrettD-WI-5
  • Rep. Richard NealD-MA-2
  • Rep. Betty McCollumD-MN-4
  • Rep. Robert BorskiD-PA-3
  • Rep. Julia CarsonD-IN-10
  • Rep. José SerranoD-NY-16
  • Rep. Anthony WeinerD-NY-9
  • Rep. Brian BairdD-WA-3
  • Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-29
  • Rep. Elijah CummingsD-MD-7
  • Rep. Thomas SawyerD-OH-14
  • Rep. Gregory MeeksD-NY-6
  • Rep. Ted StricklandD-OH-6
  • Rep. Tom AllenD-ME-1
  • Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
  • Rep. Gary AckermanD-NY-5
  • Rep. Juanita Millender-McDonaldD-CA-37
  • Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3
  • Rep. Loretta SanchezD-CA-46
  • Rep. Zoe LofgrenD-CA-16
  • Rep. Stephen LynchD-MA-9
  • Rep. Jim ClyburnD-SC-6
  • Rep. Nita LoweyD-NY-18
  • Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-5
  • Rep. William JeffersonD-LA-2
  • Rep. David WuD-OR-1
  • Rep. Tom LantosD-CA-12
  • Rep. Anna EshooD-CA-14
  • Rep. Ed PastorD-AZ-2
  • Rep. Jay InsleeD-WA-1
  • Rep. Jerry KleczkaD-WI-4
  • Rep. Patrick KennedyD-RI-1
  • Rep. Karen McCarthyD-MO-5
  • Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-12
  • Rep. Ciro RodriguezD-TX-28
  • Rep. Bob MenendezD-NJ-13
  • Rep. Brad ShermanD-CA-24
  • Rep. Jim LangevinD-RI-2
  • Rep. Robert WexlerD-FL-19
  • Rep. Joe CrowleyD-NY-7
  • Rep. Carolyn MaloneyD-NY-14
  • Rep. John LarsonD-CT-1
  • Rep. Rick LarsenD-WA-2
  • Rep. Lois CappsD-CA-22
  • Rep. John BaldacciD-ME-2
  • Rep. Charlie GonzalezD-TX-20
  • Rep. Peter DeutschD-FL-20
  • Rep. Neil AbercrombieD-HI-1
  • Rep. Joseph HoeffelD-PA-13
  • Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
  • Rep. Bill PascrellD-NJ-8
  • Rep. David PriceD-NC-4
  • Rep. Joe BacaD-CA-42
  • Rep. Albert WynnD-MD-4
  • Rep. Steven RothmanD-NJ-9
  • Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-9
  • Rep. Susan DavisD-CA-49
  • Rep. William LutherD-MN-6
  • Rep. Karen ThurmanD-FL-5
  • Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-12
  • Rep. Shelley BerkleyD-NV-1
  • Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
  • Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-3
  • Rep. Benjamin CardinD-MD-3
  • Rep. Darlene HooleyD-OR-5
  • Rep. Gene GreenD-TX-29
  • Rep. Harold FordD-TN-9
  • Rep. Dennis MooreD-KS-3
  • Rep. Nick LampsonD-TX-9
  • Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
  • Rep. Ron KindD-WI-3
  • Rep. Bob EtheridgeD-NC-2
  • Rep. Rubén HinojosaD-TX-15
  • Rep. Adam SchiffD-CA-27
  • Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
  • Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
  • Rep. Ellen TauscherD-CA-10
  • Rep. Max SandlinD-TX-1
  • Rep. Michael DoyleD-PA-18
  • Rep. Jim MoranD-VA-8
  • Rep. Ken BentsenD-TX-25
  • Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9
  • Rep. Carolyn McCarthyD-NY-4
  • Rep. Gary ConditD-CA-18
  • Rep. Steve IsraelD-NY-2
  • Rep. Jane HarmanD-CA-36
  • Rep. Jim DavisD-FL-11
  • Rep. Adam SmithD-WA-9
  • Rep. Frank MascaraD-PA-20
  • Rep. Paul KanjorskiD-PA-11
  • Rep. Leonard BoswellD-IA-3
  • Rep. Tony HallD-OH-3
  • Rep. Vic SnyderD-AR-2
  • Rep. Baron HillD-IN-9
  • Rep. Sanford BishopD-GA-2
  • Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
  • Rep. Solomon OrtizD-TX-27
  • Rep. Chet EdwardsD-TX-11
  • Rep. James MaloneyD-CT-5
  • Rep. Timothy RoemerD-IN-3
  • Rep. Robert ClementD-TN-5
  • Rep. Brad CarsonD-OK-2
  • Rep. John TannerD-TN-8
  • Rep. Allen BoydD-FL-2
  • Rep. Jim MathesonD-UT-2
  • Rep. Mike McIntyreD-NC-7
  • Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
  • Rep. Mike RossD-AR-4
  • Rep. Jim TurnerD-TX-2
  • Rep. Cal DooleyD-CA-20
  • Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6
  • Rep. Tim HoldenD-PA-6
  • Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7
  • Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
  • Rep. David PhelpsD-IL-19
  • Rep. William LipinskiD-IL-3
  • Rep. James BarciaD-MI-5
  • Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
  • Rep. Chris JohnD-LA-7
  • Rep. Ronnie ShowsD-MS-4
  • Rep. Bud CramerD-AL-5
  • Rep. Ken LucasD-KY-4
  • Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4
  • Rep. James TraficantD-OH-17

Republicans who voted yea(201)

  • Rep. Constance MorellaR-MD-8
  • Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
  • Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-20
  • Rep. Nancy JohnsonR-CT-6
  • Rep. Sherry BoehlertR-NY-23
  • Rep. Michael CastleR-DE
  • Rep. Stephen HornR-CA-38
  • Rep. Greg GanskeR-IA-4
  • Rep. Frank LoBiondoR-NJ-2
  • Rep. Timothy JohnsonR-IL-15
  • Rep. Rob SimmonsR-CT-2
  • Rep. Curt WeldonR-PA-7
  • Rep. John ThuneR-SD
  • Rep. John McHughR-NY-24
  • Rep. Doug OseR-CA-3
  • Rep. Shelley CapitoR-WV-2
  • Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
  • Rep. Jim WalshR-NY-25
  • Rep. Felix GrucciR-NY-1
  • Rep. Heather WilsonR-NM-1
  • Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
  • Rep. Christopher ShaysR-CT-4
  • Rep. Todd PlattsR-PA-19
  • Rep. Mark KirkR-IL-10
  • Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
  • Rep. John SweeneyR-NY-22
  • Rep. Mark FoleyR-FL-16
  • Rep. Jim GreenwoodR-PA-8
  • Rep. Jim SaxtonR-NJ-3
  • Rep. Sue KellyR-NY-19
  • Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18
  • Rep. Tom OsborneR-NE-3
  • Rep. Ray LaHoodR-IL-18
  • Rep. Lindsey GrahamR-SC-3
  • Rep. Phil EnglishR-PA-21
  • Rep. Lincoln Diaz-BalartR-FL-21
  • Rep. Mary Bono MackR-CA-44
  • Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
  • Rep. Mike FergusonR-NJ-7
  • Rep. Jo Ann EmersonR-MO-8
  • Rep. Wayne GilchrestR-MD-1
  • Rep. Pete KingR-NY-3
  • Rep. Robert EhrlichR-MD-2
  • Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-6
  • Rep. Paul GillmorR-OH-5
  • Rep. Hal RogersR-KY-5
  • Rep. Ernie FletcherR-KY-6
  • Rep. Rodney FrelinghuysenR-NJ-11
  • Rep. George GekasR-PA-17
  • Rep. Charlie BassR-NH-2
  • Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
  • Rep. Tom LathamR-IA-5
  • Rep. Zach WampR-TN-3
  • Rep. Anne NorthupR-KY-3
  • Rep. Bob NeyR-OH-18
  • Rep. Kay GrangerR-TX-12
  • Rep. Dave HobsonR-OH-7
  • Rep. Greg WaldenR-OR-2
  • Rep. Denny RehbergR-MT
  • Rep. Duke CunninghamR-CA-51
  • Rep. Tom DavisR-VA-11
  • Rep. Jerry LewisR-CA-40
  • Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-10
  • Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-21
  • Rep. Deborah PryceR-OH-15
  • Rep. Judy BiggertR-IL-13
  • Rep. John ShimkusR-IL-20
  • Rep. Thomas ReynoldsR-NY-27
  • Rep. Ed WhitfieldR-KY-1
  • Rep. Vernon EhlersR-MI-3
  • Rep. Johnny IsaksonR-GA-6
  • Rep. Ken CalvertR-CA-43
  • Rep. Elton GalleglyR-CA-23
  • Rep. Buck McKeonR-CA-25
  • Rep. Joe KnollenbergR-MI-11
  • Rep. H. CallahanR-AL-1
  • Rep. Don SherwoodR-PA-10
  • Rep. John PetersonR-PA-5
  • Rep. Kenny HulshofR-MO-9
  • Rep. Jim KolbeR-AZ-5
  • Rep. Jim NussleR-IA-2
  • Rep. John CookseyR-LA-5
  • Rep. Jennifer DunnR-WA-8
  • Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21
  • Rep. John BoozmanR-AR-3
  • Rep. Dave CampR-MI-4
  • Rep. Mike SimpsonR-ID-2
  • Rep. Spencer BachusR-AL-6
  • Rep. Ander CrenshawR-FL-4
  • Rep. Jerry WellerR-IL-11
  • Rep. Vito FossellaR-NY-13
  • Rep. Henry BrownR-SC-1
  • Rep. Darrell IssaR-CA-48
  • Rep. Melissa HartR-PA-4
  • Rep. George NethercuttR-WA-5
  • Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
  • Rep. David DreierR-CA-28
  • Rep. Richard BakerR-LA-6
  • Rep. Billy TauzinR-LA-3
  • Rep. Michael BilirakisR-FL-9
  • Rep. Robin HayesR-NC-8
  • Rep. Cass BallengerR-NC-10
  • Rep. Don YoungR-AK
  • Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
  • Rep. Saxby ChamblissR-GA-8
  • Rep. Wes WatkinsR-OK-3
  • Rep. Mike RogersR-MI-8
  • Rep. Bill JenkinsR-TN-1
  • Rep. John BoehnerR-OH-8
  • Rep. Jim McCreryR-LA-4
  • Rep. Frank LucasR-OK-6
  • Rep. Bill ShusterR-PA-9
  • Rep. Richard BurrR-NC-5
  • Rep. J.C. WattsR-OK-4
  • Rep. Chip PickeringR-MS-3
  • Rep. Roger WickerR-MS-1
  • Rep. Porter GossR-FL-14
  • Rep. Ron LewisR-KY-2
  • Rep. John MicaR-FL-7
  • Rep. Rob PortmanR-OH-2
  • Rep. Doc HastingsR-WA-4
  • Rep. Robert AderholtR-AL-4
  • Rep. Ed SchrockR-VA-2
  • Rep. Sam GravesR-MO-6
  • Rep. Lee TerryR-NE-2
  • Rep. Adam PutnamR-FL-12
  • Rep. Duncan HunterR-CA-52
  • Rep. James HansenR-UT-1
  • Rep. Henry BonillaR-TX-23
  • Rep. Larry CombestR-TX-19
  • Rep. Van HillearyR-TN-4
  • Rep. Ed BryantR-TN-7
  • Rep. Randy ForbesR-VA-4
  • Rep. Dan MillerR-FL-13
  • Rep. John LinderR-GA-11
  • Rep. Mark SouderR-IN-4
  • Rep. Roy BluntR-MO-7
  • Rep. Pat TiberiR-OH-12
  • Rep. John SununuR-NH-1
  • Rep. Gil GutknechtR-MN-1
  • Rep. David VitterR-LA-1
  • Rep. Kevin BradyR-TX-8
  • Rep. Scott McInnisR-CO-3
  • Rep. Jo Ann DavisR-VA-1
  • Rep. Todd TiahrtR-KS-4
  • Rep. Terry EverettR-AL-2
  • Rep. Ric KellerR-FL-8
  • Rep. Jim GibbonsR-NV-2
  • Rep. Jerry MoranR-KS-1
  • Rep. Mac ThornberryR-TX-13
  • Rep. Charlie NorwoodR-GA-10
  • Rep. Charles TaylorR-NC-11
  • Rep. Jack KingstonR-GA-1
  • Rep. Donald ManzulloR-IL-16
  • Rep. Paul RyanR-WI-1
  • Rep. Mark GreenR-WI-8
  • Rep. Steve LargentR-OK-1
  • Rep. Gary MillerR-CA-41
  • Rep. Richard ArmeyR-TX-26
  • Rep. Dan BurtonR-IN-6
  • Rep. Richard PomboR-CA-11
  • Rep. Robert StumpR-AZ-3
  • Rep. Nick SmithR-MI-7
  • Rep. John DoolittleR-CA-4
  • Rep. Joe BartonR-TX-6
  • Rep. Eric CantorR-VA-7
  • Rep. Sue MyrickR-NC-9
  • Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6
  • Rep. Chris CannonR-UT-3
  • Rep. Tom DeLayR-TX-22
  • Rep. Wally HergerR-CA-2
  • Rep. Pete HoekstraR-MI-2
  • Rep. J.D. HayworthR-AZ-6
  • Rep. Roscoe BartlettR-MD-6
  • Rep. Christopher CoxR-CA-47
  • Rep. Dave WeldonR-FL-15
  • Rep. Mark KennedyR-MN-2
  • Rep. Jim DeMintR-SC-4
  • Rep. Bob GoodlatteR-VA-6
  • Rep. Pete SessionsR-TX-5
  • Rep. Jim RamstadR-MN-3
  • Rep. Jeff MillerR-FL-1
  • Rep. Joseph PittsR-PA-16
  • Rep. Sam JohnsonR-TX-3
  • Rep. Steve ChabotR-OH-1
  • Rep. Jim RyunR-KS-2
  • Rep. Butch OtterR-ID-1
  • Rep. John CulbersonR-TX-7
  • Rep. Cliff StearnsR-FL-6
  • Rep. Mike PenceR-IN-2
  • Rep. Walter JonesR-NC-3
  • Rep. John ShadeggR-AZ-4
  • Rep. Dana RohrabacherR-CA-45
  • Rep. Pat ToomeyR-PA-15
  • Rep. Brian KernsR-IN-7
  • Rep. Jimmy DuncanR-TN-2
  • Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-8
  • Rep. Ed RoyceR-CA-39
  • Rep. Joel HefleyR-CO-5
  • Rep. Tom TancredoR-CO-6
  • Rep. Jeff FlakeR-AZ-1
Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 463 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 19 actions.

  1. Dec 21, 2001Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 107-99.
  2. Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
  3. Dec 14, 2001PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
  4. Dec 11, 2001Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to the House amendment by Unanimous Consent.
  5. Dec 4, 2001FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  6. FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 396 - 11 (Roll no. 468).House roll call 468
  7. FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
  8. FloorFloor · Mr. Royce moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
  9. CommitteeCommittee · Discharged from House Financial Services Committee
  10. CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Foreign Affairs Committee
  11. Nov 28, 2001CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Foreign Affairs Committee
  12. Aug 24, 2001CommitteeCommittee · Referred to International Monetary Policy and Trade Subcommittee of the House Financial Services Committee
  13. Aug 2, 2001CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Financial Services Committee
  14. CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Foreign Affairs Committee
  15. Aug 1, 2001FloorFloor · Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent.
  16. Jul 16, 2001CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Foreign Relations Committee
  17. Jul 12, 2001CommitteeCommittee · Markup by Senate Foreign Relations Committee
  18. Mar 8, 2001CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Foreign Relations Committee
  19. IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate
Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.