Congress · Laws

A joint resolution finding the Government of Iraq in unacceptable and material breach of its international obligations.

Public Law 105-235 · S.J.Res. 54 · 105th Congress · began in the Senate

Signed by Bill Clinton (D) on Aug 14, 1998 · International Affairs

Sponsor: Sen. Trent Lott (R-MS)

Cosponsors (6): Sen. Joseph Lieberman, Sen. Jesse Helms,

Passage votesYeaNay

HouseRecorded vote: 407 yea, 6 nay407–6
SenateUnanimous consent

Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Declares that the Government of Iraq is in material and unacceptable breach of its international obligations. Urges the President to take appropriate action under U.S. law to bring Iraq into compliance with such obligations.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 105th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 407 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

407 yea6 nay21 present or did not vote

Dimension 2

Economic left–right

More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(188)

Rep. Jim McDermottD-WA-7
Rep. Bob FilnerD-CA-50
Rep. John LewisD-GA-5
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-13
Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10
Rep. Peter DeFazioD-OR-4
Rep. Alcee HastingsD-FL-23
Rep. Xavier BecerraD-CA-30
Rep. Major OwensD-NY-11
Rep. Gregory MeeksD-NY-6
Rep. Maurice HincheyD-NY-26
Rep. Nydia VelázquezD-NY-12
Rep. Elizabeth FurseD-OR-1
Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
Rep. Nancy PelosiD-CA-8
Rep. Robert BradyD-PA-1
Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
Rep. Esteban TorresD-CA-34
Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4
Rep. George BrownD-CA-42
Rep. Bill DelahuntD-MA-10
Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
Rep. Lynn WoolseyD-CA-6
Rep. Mel WattD-NC-12
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-29
Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
Rep. Danny DavisD-IL-7
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-15
Rep. Jerrold NadlerD-NY-8
Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
Rep. Bobby RushD-IL-1
Rep. Lucille Roybal-AllardD-CA-33
Rep. Jim ClyburnD-SC-6
Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-28
Rep. Michael McNultyD-NY-21
Rep. Bennie ThompsonD-MS-2
Rep. José SerranoD-NY-16
Rep. John TierneyD-MA-6
Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
Rep. Eddie JohnsonD-TX-30
Rep. Sherrod BrownD-OH-13
Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3
Rep. Juanita Millender-McDonaldD-CA-37
Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-11
Rep. Chaka FattahD-PA-2
Rep. Bernie SandersD-VT
Rep. Victor FazioD-CA-3
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
Rep. Jim McGovernD-MA-3
Rep. Julia CarsonD-IN-10
Rep. Carrie MeekD-FL-17
Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-6
Rep. Bobby ScottD-VA-3
Rep. Diana DeGetteD-CO-1
Rep. William JeffersonD-LA-2
Rep. Sam GejdensonD-CT-2
Rep. Sam FarrD-CA-17
Rep. Marty MeehanD-MA-5
Rep. Eva ClaytonD-NC-1
Rep. Patrick KennedyD-RI-1
Rep. Bart StupakD-MI-1
Rep. Sheila Jackson LeeD-TX-18
Rep. Lloyd DoggettD-TX-10
Rep. Thomas BarrettD-WI-5
Rep. Dennis KucinichD-OH-10
Rep. Harold FordD-TN-9
Rep. Anna EshooD-CA-14
Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-29
Rep. Corrine BrownD-FL-3
Rep. Gary AckermanD-NY-5
Rep. Robert BorskiD-PA-3
Rep. Elijah CummingsD-MD-7
Rep. Eliot EngelD-NY-17
Rep. Lane EvansD-IL-17
Rep. Joseph KennedyD-MA-8
Rep. Nita LoweyD-NY-18
Rep. Neil AbercrombieD-HI-1
Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
Rep. Richard NealD-MA-2
Rep. Carolyn MaloneyD-NY-14
Rep. Tom AllenD-ME-1
Rep. David SkaggsD-CO-2
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
Rep. Zoe LofgrenD-CA-16
Rep. Tom LantosD-CA-12
Rep. Earl BlumenauerD-OR-3
Rep. Bob MenendezD-NJ-13
Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
Rep. Julian DixonD-CA-32
Rep. Thomas SawyerD-OH-14
Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
Rep. Barbara KennellyD-CT-1
Rep. Peter DeutschD-FL-20
Rep. Albert WynnD-MD-4
Rep. Robert WexlerD-FL-19
Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-12
Rep. Ed PastorD-AZ-2
Rep. Ciro RodriguezD-TX-28
Rep. Howard BermanD-CA-26
Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-5
Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1
Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
Rep. Karen ThurmanD-FL-5
Rep. Lynn RiversD-MI-13
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. John BaldacciD-ME-2
Rep. Chuck SchumerD-NY-9
Rep. Rubén HinojosaD-TX-15
Rep. Karen McCarthyD-MO-5
Rep. Paul KanjorskiD-PA-11
Rep. Loretta SanchezD-CA-46
Rep. Robert WeygandD-RI-2
Rep. Ted StricklandD-OH-6
Rep. Jay JohnsonD-WI-8
Rep. Silvestre ReyesD-TX-16
Rep. Darlene HooleyD-OR-5
Rep. Rod BlagojevichD-IL-5
Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
Rep. Debbie StabenowD-MI-8
Rep. Bill PascrellD-NJ-8
Rep. Gene GreenD-TX-29
Rep. Lois CappsD-CA-22
Rep. Robert WiseD-WV-2
Rep. Thomas MantonD-NY-7
Rep. Nick LampsonD-TX-9
Rep. Ron KindD-WI-3
Rep. Benjamin CardinD-MD-3
Rep. Jim DavisD-FL-11
Rep. Steven RothmanD-NJ-9
Rep. Marion BerryD-AR-1
Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-12
Rep. William LutherD-MN-6
Rep. Jane HarmanD-CA-36
Rep. David PriceD-NC-4
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-3
Rep. Ken BentsenD-TX-25
Rep. Chet EdwardsD-TX-11
Rep. Ron KlinkD-PA-4
Rep. Adam SmithD-WA-9
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-9
Rep. Bob EtheridgeD-NC-2
Rep. Ellen TauscherD-CA-10
Rep. Vic SnyderD-AR-2
Rep. Jerry KleczkaD-WI-4
Rep. James MaloneyD-CT-5
Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Sanford BishopD-GA-2
Rep. David MingeD-MN-2
Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9
Rep. Brad ShermanD-CA-24
Rep. Frank MascaraD-PA-20
Rep. Paul McHaleD-PA-15
Rep. Cal DooleyD-CA-20
Rep. Max SandlinD-TX-1
Rep. Robert ClementD-TN-5
Rep. Michael DoyleD-PA-18
Rep. Tony HallD-OH-3
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. Tim HoldenD-PA-6
Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6
Rep. James BarciaD-MI-5
Rep. Leonard BoswellD-IA-3
Rep. John TannerD-TN-8
Rep. Owen PickettD-VA-2
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. Allen BoydD-FL-2
Rep. Timothy RoemerD-IN-3
Rep. Jim TurnerD-TX-2
Rep. Scotty BaeslerD-KY-6
Rep. Norman SisiskyD-VA-4
Rep. William LipinskiD-IL-3
Rep. Gary ConditD-CA-18
Rep. Pat DannerD-MO-6
Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7
Rep. Chris JohnD-LA-7
Rep. Mike McIntyreD-NC-7
Rep. Bud CramerD-AL-5
Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
Rep. Gene TaylorD-MS-5
Rep. James TraficantD-OH-17
Rep. Virgil GoodeD-VA-5
Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4

Republicans who voted yea(219)

Rep. Constance MorellaR-MD-8
Rep. Michael ForbesR-NY-1
Rep. Nancy JohnsonR-CT-6
Rep. Sherry BoehlertR-NY-23
Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-20
Rep. Amo HoughtonR-NY-31
Rep. Christopher ShaysR-CT-4
Rep. Michael CastleR-DE
Rep. Jack QuinnR-NY-30
Rep. Marge RoukemaR-NJ-5
Rep. Stephen HornR-CA-38
Rep. John McHughR-NY-24
Rep. Jim WalshR-NY-25
Rep. Pete KingR-NY-3
Rep. Sue KellyR-NY-19
Rep. Rick LazioR-NY-2
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-BalartR-FL-21
Rep. Steven LaTouretteR-OH-19
Rep. Wayne GilchrestR-MD-1
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
Rep. Jon FoxR-PA-13
Rep. Jim SaxtonR-NJ-3
Rep. Tom DavisR-VA-11
Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
Rep. John PorterR-IL-10
Rep. Curt WeldonR-PA-7
Rep. Jim GreenwoodR-PA-8
Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18
Rep. Bob FranksR-NJ-7
Rep. Frank LoBiondoR-NJ-2
Rep. Ray LaHoodR-IL-18
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
Rep. Bob NeyR-OH-18
Rep. Rodney FrelinghuysenR-NJ-11
Rep. Jerry LewisR-CA-40
Rep. Phil EnglishR-PA-21
Rep. Herbert BatemanR-VA-1
Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
Rep. Jim RamstadR-MN-3
Rep. Greg GanskeR-IA-4
Rep. Bill BarrettR-NE-3
Rep. Jay KimR-CA-41
Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
Rep. Linda SmithR-WA-3
Rep. Brian BilbrayR-CA-49
Rep. William RedmondR-NM-3
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-10
Rep. Jerry WellerR-IL-11
Rep. Heather WilsonR-NM-1
Rep. Clay ShawR-FL-22
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
Rep. Harris FawellR-IL-13
Rep. Elton GalleglyR-CA-23
Rep. Thomas EwingR-IL-15
Rep. Don YoungR-AK
Rep. Tom CampbellR-CA-15
Rep. John ShimkusR-IL-20
Rep. Vernon EhlersR-MI-3
Rep. Billy TauzinR-LA-3
Rep. Robert LivingstonR-LA-1
Rep. Jack MetcalfR-WA-2
Rep. Jim KolbeR-AZ-5
Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-6
Rep. Mike ParkerR-MS-4
Rep. Paul GillmorR-OH-5
Rep. Joe KnollenbergR-MI-11
Rep. Tom LathamR-IA-5
Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-21
Rep. George GekasR-PA-17
Rep. Robert SmithR-OR-2
Rep. Jim BunningR-KY-4
Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
Rep. Ed WhitfieldR-KY-1
Rep. Kay GrangerR-TX-12
Rep. Ken CalvertR-CA-43
Rep. Ron PackardR-CA-48
Rep. Merrill CookR-UT-2
Rep. Jo Ann EmersonI-MO-8
Rep. Bill JenkinsR-TN-1
Rep. Jim McCreryR-LA-4
Rep. Charlie BassR-NH-2
Rep. Deborah PryceR-OH-15
Rep. Rick WhiteR-WA-1
Rep. H. CallahanR-AL-1
Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21
Rep. Michael PappasR-NJ-12
Rep. Spencer BachusR-AL-6
Rep. Henry BonillaR-TX-23
Rep. Wes WatkinsR-OK-3
Rep. Mark FoleyR-FL-16
Rep. Michael BilirakisR-FL-9
Rep. Richard BakerR-LA-6
Rep. Dave HobsonR-OH-7
Rep. Scott KlugR-WI-2
Rep. John ThuneR-SD
Rep. Steve BuyerR-IN-5
Rep. Frank RiggsR-CA-1
Rep. John PetersonR-PA-5
Rep. Roger WickerR-MS-1
Rep. Tom BlileyR-VA-7
Rep. Charles CanadyR-FL-12
Rep. Jim NussleR-IA-2
Rep. Saxby ChamblissR-GA-8
Rep. Edward PeaseR-IN-7
Rep. Jay DickeyR-AR-4
Rep. Rob PortmanR-OH-2
Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
Rep. Dave CampR-MI-4
Rep. Tillie FowlerR-FL-4
Rep. Chip PickeringR-MS-3
Rep. Mary Bono MackR-CA-44
Rep. John CookseyR-LA-5
Rep. John MicaR-FL-7
Rep. Rick HillR-MT
Rep. Scott McInnisR-CO-3
Rep. George NethercuttR-WA-5
Rep. Kenny HulshofR-MO-9
Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
Rep. Robert AderholtR-AL-4
Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
Rep. Duke CunninghamR-CA-51
Rep. Robert EhrlichR-MD-2
Rep. Bob GoodlatteR-VA-6
Rep. Frank LucasR-OK-6
Rep. Mike CrapoR-ID-2
Rep. Terry EverettR-AL-2
Rep. Ron LewisR-KY-2
Rep. Jennifer DunnR-WA-8
Rep. John BoehnerR-OH-8
Rep. Denny HastertR-IL-14
Rep. David DreierR-CA-28
Rep. James HansenR-UT-1
Rep. Lindsey GrahamR-SC-3
Rep. Jerry MoranR-KS-1
Rep. Cass BallengerR-NC-10
Rep. Bill McCollumR-FL-8
Rep. Gil GutknechtR-MN-1
Rep. Buck McKeonR-CA-25
Rep. Richard BurrR-NC-5
Rep. Joseph PittsR-PA-16
Rep. Bob RileyR-AL-3
Rep. John LinderR-GA-11
Rep. J.C. WattsR-OK-4
Rep. Roy BluntR-MO-7
Rep. Charles TaylorR-NC-11
Rep. Vito FossellaR-NY-13
Rep. Porter GossR-FL-14
Rep. John KasichR-OH-12
Rep. Larry CombestR-TX-19
Rep. Nick SmithR-MI-7
Rep. Ed BryantR-TN-7
Rep. Doc HastingsR-WA-4
Rep. Kevin BradyR-TX-8
Rep. Dan MillerR-FL-13
Rep. Dan SchaeferR-CO-6
Rep. Dave WeldonR-FL-15
Rep. Jim TalentR-MO-2
Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6
Rep. Dan BurtonR-IN-6
Rep. Duncan HunterR-CA-52
Rep. John SununuR-NH-1
Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
Rep. James RoganR-CA-27
Rep. Mark SouderR-IN-4
Rep. William PaxonR-NY-27
Rep. Jim GibbonsR-NV-2
Rep. Charlie NorwoodR-GA-10
Rep. Gerald SolomonR-NY-22
Rep. J.D. HayworthR-AZ-6
Rep. Richard ArmeyR-TX-26
Rep. Mac ThornberryR-TX-13
Rep. Vincent SnowbargerR-KS-3
Rep. Jack KingstonR-GA-1
Rep. Bob InglisR-SC-4
Rep. Mac CollinsR-GA-3
Rep. Jim RyunR-KS-2
Rep. Barbara CubinR-WY
Rep. Sue MyrickR-NC-9
Rep. Nathan DealR-GA-9
Rep. George RadanovichR-CA-19
Rep. Jimmy DuncanR-TN-2
Rep. Tom DeLayR-TX-22
Rep. Joe BartonR-TX-6
Rep. Donald ManzulloR-IL-16
Rep. Pete HoekstraR-MI-2
Rep. Steve ChabotR-OH-1
Rep. Chris CannonR-UT-3
Rep. Christopher CoxR-CA-47
Rep. Wally HergerR-CA-2
Rep. Roscoe BartlettR-MD-6
Rep. Sam JohnsonR-TX-3
Rep. Todd TiahrtR-KS-4
Rep. Pete SessionsR-TX-5
Rep. Walter JonesR-NC-3
Rep. Steve LargentR-OK-1
Rep. John DoolittleR-CA-4
Rep. Howard CobleR-NC-6
Rep. Richard PomboR-CA-11
Rep. Cliff StearnsR-FL-6
Rep. Mark NeumannR-WI-1
Rep. Joel HefleyR-CO-5
Rep. David McIntoshR-IN-2
Rep. Van HillearyR-TN-4
Rep. John HostettlerR-IN-8
Rep. Helen Chenoweth-HageR-ID-1
Rep. Robert StumpR-AZ-3
Rep. John EnsignR-NV-1
Rep. Bob BarrR-GA-7
Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-8
Rep. James SensenbrennerR-WI-9
Rep. Matt SalmonR-AZ-1
Rep. John ShadeggR-AZ-4
Rep. Bob SchafferR-CO-4
Rep. Dana RohrabacherR-CA-45
Rep. Thomas CoburnR-OK-2
Rep. Mark SanfordR-SC-1
Rep. Joe ScarboroughR-FL-1
Rep. Ed RoyceR-CA-39

Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 998 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Foreign Relations Committee · Senate · markup by, referred to, reported by

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 13 actions.

Aug 14, 1998Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 105-235.
Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
Aug 10, 1998PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
Aug 3, 1998FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the resolution Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 407 - 6 (Roll No. 378).House roll call 378
FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 5, rule I, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
FloorFloor · Mr. Gilman moved to suspend the rules and pass the resolution.
Jul 31, 1998FloorFloor · Passed Senate with an amendment and an amended preamble by Unanimous Consent.
FloorFloor · Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent.
Jul 27, 1998CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Jul 23, 1998CommitteeCommittee · Markup by Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Jun 26, 1998CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Jun 25, 1998IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate

Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.