Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996
Public Law 104-231 · H.R. 3802 · 104th Congress · began in the House
Signed by Bill Clinton (D) on Oct 2, 1996 · Government Operations and Politics
Sponsor: Rep. Randy Tate (R-WA-9)
Cosponsors (3): Rep. Stephen Horn, Rep. Carolyn Maloney,
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 402 yea, 0 nay402–0
- SenateUnanimous consent
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996 - Amends the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to define "record" to mean information maintained by an agency, as a required agency record, in any format, including an electronic format.
(Sec. 4) Revises provisions which permit an agency to delete identifying details when it makes available or publishes specified information so as to permit such deletions in copies of all records. Requires that the extent of such deletion shall be indicated on the portion of the record which is made available or published, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the current exemptions (concerning exemptions relating to national security, trade secrets, personal medical files, and etc.) under which the deletion is made. Requires an agency to make available for public inspection and copying: (1) copies of all records, regardless of form or format, which have been released to an individual and which, because of the nature of their subject matter, have become or are likely to become the subject of subsequent requests for substantially the same records; (2) a general index of such records, which shall be made available electronically by December 31, 1999; and (3) within one year after November 1, 1996, by computer telecommunications or other electronic means, those records created on or after November 1, 1996.
(Sec. 5) Requires that an agency in responding to a request for records shall make reasonable efforts to search for the records in electronic form or format, except when such efforts would significantly interfere with the operation of the agency's automated information system.
(Sec. 6) Provides that, respecting a standard for judicial review, in addition to any other matters to which a court accords substantial weight, a court shall accord substantial weight to an affidavit of an agency concerning the agency's determination as to technical feasibility and reproducibility.
(Sec. 7) Authorizes each agency to promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, providing for: (1) multitrack processing of requests for records based on the amount of work or time (or both) involved in processing requests; and (2) an opportunity for an individual making a request that does not qualify for the fastest multitrack processing to limit the scope of the request in order to qualify for faster processing.
Directs that the agency, with respect to a request for which a written notice in the case of unusual circumstances extends the time limits prescribed, shall: (1) notify the requestor if the request cannot be processed within the time limit; and (2) provide the requestor an opportunity to limit the scope of the request so that it may be processed within that time limit or to arrange with the agency an alternative time frame for processing the request or a modified request.
Authorizes each agency to promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, providing for the aggregation of certain requests by the same requestor, or by a group of requestors acting in concert, if the agency reasonably believes that such requests actually constitute a single request (which would otherwise satisfy requirements for unusual circumstances) and the requests involve clearly related matters. Prohibits the aggregation of multiple requests involving unrelated matters.
Prohibits including a delay that results from a predictable agency workload of requests as an exceptional circumstance, unless the agency demonstrates reasonable progress in reducing its backlog of pending requests. Considers as a factor in determining whether exceptional circumstances exist the refusal by an individual to modify the scope of a request or arrange an alternative time frame for processing a request after being given an opportunity to do so by the agency.
(Sec. 8) Directs each agency to promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, providing for expedited processing of requests for records.
Extends the general period for determining whether to comply with a request from ten to 20 days.
(Sec. 9) Requires deletions to be indicated, if technically feasible, on the released portion of the record, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption under which the deletion is made.
(Sec. 10) Revises FOIA reporting requirements.
(Sec. 11) Directs each agency head to make publicly available, upon request, reference material or a guide for requesting records or information from the agency, including: (1) an index of all major information systems of the agency; (2) a description of major information and record locator systems maintained by the agency; and (3) a handbook for obtaining various types and categories of public information from the agency.
Who voted for it
Every House member of the 104th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 402 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
402 yea0 nay31 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(183)
Rep. Maxine WatersD-CA-35- Rep. Barbara-Rose CollinsD-MI-15
Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10- Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Xavier BecerraD-CA-30- Rep. Major OwensD-NY-11
- Rep. Cardiss CollinsD-IL-7
Rep. John LewisD-GA-5
Rep. Nydia VelázquezD-NY-12
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-13
Rep. Mel WattD-NC-12
Rep. Alcee HastingsD-FL-23
Rep. Chaka FattahD-PA-2
Rep. Bob FilnerD-CA-50
Rep. Jim McDermottD-WA-7
Rep. Maurice HincheyD-NY-26
Rep. Bobby RushD-IL-1- Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
- Rep. Earl HilliardD-AL-7
- Rep. Thomas FogliettaD-PA-1
- Rep. Cynthia McKinneyD-GA-11
- Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
- Rep. David BoniorD-MI-10
- Rep. Carrie MeekD-FL-17
Rep. Jim ClyburnD-SC-6
Rep. Jerrold NadlerD-NY-8- Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-11
Rep. Lucille Roybal-AllardD-CA-33
Rep. Neil AbercrombieD-HI-1
Rep. Jesse JacksonD-IL-2
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Bernie SandersD-VT
Rep. Ed TownsD-NY-10- Rep. Juanita Millender-McDonaldD-CA-37
- Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
Rep. José SerranoD-NY-16- Rep. George BrownD-CA-42
Rep. John OlverD-MA-1
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8- Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-29
Rep. Luis GutiérrezD-IL-4- Rep. Lane EvansD-IL-17
- Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
Rep. Nancy PelosiD-CA-8
Rep. Lynn WoolseyD-CA-6
Rep. Eliot EngelD-NY-17- Rep. Eva ClaytonD-NC-1
Rep. Corrine BrownD-FL-3- Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-10
- Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
- Rep. Esteban TorresD-CA-34
- Rep. Floyd FlakeD-NY-6
Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-28
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
Rep. Bobby ScottD-VA-3- Rep. Ronald ColemanD-TX-16
- Rep. Julian DixonD-CA-32
Rep. Cleo FieldsD-LA-4- Rep. Albert WynnD-MD-4
Rep. Elijah CummingsD-MD-7- Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-11
Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4- Rep. Sam GejdensonD-CT-2
- Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-29
Rep. Sheila Jackson LeeD-TX-18- Rep. Tom LantosD-CA-12
- Rep. Anthony BeilensonD-CA-24
- Rep. Harold FordD-TN-9
Rep. Carolyn MaloneyD-NY-14- Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
- Rep. John BryantD-TX-5
Rep. Zoe LofgrenD-CA-16- Rep. Joseph KennedyD-MA-8
Rep. Howard BermanD-CA-26
Rep. Gary AckermanD-NY-5- Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-5
Rep. Nita LoweyD-NY-18
Rep. Richard NealD-MA-2
Rep. Sam FarrD-CA-17- Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. Patrick KennedyD-RI-1
Rep. Sherrod BrownD-OH-13
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-9- Rep. Matthew MartínezD-CA-31
Rep. Earl BlumenauerD-OR-3
Rep. Peter DeFazioD-OR-4
Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3- Rep. Robert BorskiD-PA-3
- Rep. John WilliamsD-MT-1
Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-12- Rep. Harold VolkmerD-MO-9
Rep. Anna EshooD-CA-14- Rep. Lynn RiversD-MI-13
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7- Rep. David SkaggsD-CO-2
Rep. Gene GreenD-TX-29- Rep. Robert WiseD-WV-2
Rep. Jack ReedD-RI-2- Rep. Thomas SawyerD-OH-14
- Rep. Thomas MantonD-NY-7
- Rep. Michael WardD-KY-3
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. Bart StupakD-MI-1- Rep. William RichardsonD-NM-3
- Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. Bob MenendezD-NJ-13
Rep. Sanford BishopD-GA-2
Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-6
Rep. Paul KanjorskiD-PA-11
Rep. Lloyd DoggettD-TX-10- Rep. Marty MeehanD-MA-5
Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1- Rep. Thomas BarrettD-WI-5
- Rep. Barbara KennellyD-CT-1
Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Chuck SchumerD-NY-9- Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
- Rep. Tony HallD-OH-3
- Rep. John BaldacciD-ME-2
- Rep. Ron KlinkD-PA-4
- Rep. Ken BentsenD-TX-25
Rep. Earl PomeroyD-ND- Rep. Frank MascaraD-PA-20
- Rep. Peter DeutschD-FL-20
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-3- Rep. Ray ThorntonD-AR-2
- Rep. Karen McCarthyD-MO-5
Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-12
Rep. Benjamin CardinD-MD-3- Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
- Rep. Karen ThurmanD-FL-5
- Rep. Robert TorricelliD-NJ-9
- Rep. William LutherD-MN-6
- Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
- Rep. Jerry KleczkaD-WI-4
Rep. Tim JohnsonD-SD
Rep. Jim MoranD-VA-8- Rep. Paul McHaleD-PA-15
- Rep. Frank TejedaD-TX-28
Rep. Solomon OrtizD-TX-27
Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9- Rep. James BarciaD-MI-5
Rep. Michael DoyleD-PA-18
Rep. Michael McNultyD-NY-21
Rep. Tim HoldenD-PA-6- Rep. Glenn PoshardD-IL-19
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12- Rep. Robert ClementD-TN-5
- Rep. David MingeD-MN-2
- Rep. Pat DannerD-MO-6
- Rep. William LipinskiD-IL-3
Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
Rep. Jane HarmanD-CA-36- Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
- Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-10
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6- Rep. William OrtonD-UT-3
- Rep. Cal DooleyD-CA-20
- Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
Rep. Blanche LincolnD-AR-1- Rep. Lewis PayneD-VA-5
- Rep. Timothy RoemerD-IN-3
Rep. John TannerD-TN-8- Rep. John BrowderD-AL-3
Rep. Bud CramerD-AL-5- Rep. Scotty BaeslerD-KY-6
- Rep. Owen PickettD-VA-2
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7- Rep. Norman SisiskyD-VA-4
- Rep. James TraficantD-OH-17
- Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
- Rep. Gary ConditD-CA-18
Rep. Gene TaylorD-MS-5- Rep. William BrewsterD-OK-3
- Rep. Pete GerenD-TX-12
- Rep. Sonny MontgomeryD-MS-3
Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4
Republicans who voted yea(219)
- Rep. Constance MorellaR-MD-8
- Rep. Sherry BoehlertR-NY-23
- Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-20
- Rep. Marge RoukemaR-NJ-5
- Rep. Peter TorkildsenR-MA-6
Rep. Christopher ShaysR-CT-4- Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
- Rep. Michael ForbesR-NY-1
- Rep. Jack QuinnR-NY-30
Rep. Tom DavisR-VA-11- Rep. Amo HoughtonR-NY-31
- Rep. Nancy JohnsonR-CT-6
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-BalartR-FL-21
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4- Rep. Jim BunnR-OR-5
- Rep. Steven SchiffR-NM-1
- Rep. Peter BluteR-MA-3
- Rep. Stephen HornR-CA-38
Rep. Jim WalshR-NY-25- Rep. William MartiniR-NJ-8
Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18- Rep. Jon FoxR-PA-13
- Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
- Rep. Steven GundersonR-WI-3
Rep. Michael CastleR-DE- Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
Rep. Jimmy DuncanR-TN-2
Rep. John McHughR-NY-24
Rep. Phil EnglishR-PA-21
Rep. Steven LaTouretteR-OH-19
Rep. Wayne GilchrestR-MD-1- Rep. Richard ZimmerR-NJ-12
- Rep. Rick LazioR-NY-2
Rep. Frank LoBiondoR-NJ-2- Rep. Jim GreenwoodR-PA-8
- Rep. Curt WeldonR-PA-7
- Rep. Jan MeyersR-KS-3
Rep. Pete KingR-NY-3
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16- Rep. Sue KellyR-NY-19
- Rep. William ClingerR-PA-5
- Rep. Gary FranksR-CT-5
- Rep. Bob FranksR-NJ-7
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10- Rep. Bob NeyR-OH-18
- Rep. Michael FlanaganR-IL-5
- Rep. Dan FrisaR-NY-4
- Rep. James LongleyR-ME-1
- Rep. Herbert BatemanR-VA-1
Rep. Vernon EhlersR-MI-3- Rep. John PorterR-IL-10
Rep. Don YoungR-AK
Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-6
Rep. Ray LaHoodR-IL-18- Rep. Frank RiggsR-CA-1
- Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
- Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
Rep. Jim SaxtonR-NJ-3
Rep. Rodney FrelinghuysenR-NJ-11
Rep. Dave HobsonR-OH-7
Rep. John EnsignR-NV-1
Rep. Brian BilbrayR-CA-49- Rep. Paul GillmorR-OH-5
- Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
- Rep. Susan MolinariR-NY-13
- Rep. Tom CampbellR-CA-15
- Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-21
- Rep. Tillie FowlerR-FL-4
- Rep. Billy TauzinD-LA-3
- Rep. Robert EhrlichR-MD-2
Rep. Hal RogersR-KY-5- Rep. James LightfootR-IA-3
Rep. Pat RobertsR-KS-1
Rep. Deborah PryceR-OH-15
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-10
Rep. Jerry WellerR-IL-11- Rep. Robert LivingstonR-LA-1
Rep. Joe KnollenbergR-MI-11- Rep. Clay ShawR-FL-22
- Rep. Harris FawellR-IL-13
Rep. Jim RamstadR-MN-3- Rep. Scott KlugR-WI-2
- Rep. Michael BilirakisR-FL-9
- Rep. Bill BarrettR-NE-3
- Rep. Richard BakerR-LA-6
- Rep. Charles CanadyR-FL-12
- Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
- Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
- Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
- Rep. Mark FoleyR-FL-16
- Rep. George GekasR-PA-17
Rep. Ken CalvertR-CA-43- Rep. Bill McCollumR-FL-8
Rep. Nathan DealD-GA-9- Rep. Henry BonillaR-TX-23
- Rep. H. CallahanR-AL-1
- Rep. Barbara VucanovichR-NV-2
- Rep. J.C. WattsR-OK-4
- Rep. Jim KolbeR-AZ-5
Rep. Steve BuyerR-IN-5- Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
Rep. Jack KingstonR-GA-1
Rep. Rob PortmanR-OH-2- Rep. Sonny BonoR-CA-44
- Rep. Ron PackardR-CA-48
Rep. Bob GoodlatteR-VA-6
Rep. Dave CampR-MI-4
Rep. Charlie BassR-NH-2
Rep. Elton GalleglyR-CA-23- Rep. Jack MetcalfR-WA-2
- Rep. Tom BlileyR-VA-7
- Rep. Jennifer DunnR-WA-8
- Rep. Martin HokeR-OH-10
Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21- Rep. Mike ParkerD-MS-4
- Rep. Frank CremeansR-OH-6
Rep. Frank LucasR-OK-6- Rep. Thomas EwingR-IL-15
Rep. Zach WampR-TN-3- Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
Rep. Tom LathamR-IA-5
Rep. Saxby ChamblissR-GA-8- Rep. Tim HutchinsonR-AR-3
Rep. Terry EverettR-AL-2
Rep. Lindsey GrahamR-SC-3- Rep. Jay DickeyR-AR-4
Rep. Dave WeldonR-FL-15
Rep. Richard BurrR-NC-5- Rep. Porter GossR-FL-14
- Rep. Enid Greene WaldholtzR-UT-2
- Rep. Charles TaylorR-NC-11
- Rep. Duke CunninghamR-CA-51
- Rep. Linda SmithR-WA-3
Rep. Walter JonesR-NC-3- Rep. William ZeliffR-NH-1
- Rep. Cass BallengerR-NC-10
Rep. Buck McKeonR-CA-25- Rep. Dan MillerR-FL-13
- Rep. Jim NussleR-IA-2
Rep. Ron LewisR-KY-2- Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-27
Rep. Duncan HunterR-CA-52
Rep. John LinderR-GA-4
Rep. Roscoe BartlettR-MD-6- Rep. Denny HastertR-IL-14
- Rep. James HansenR-UT-1
- Rep. Scott McInnisR-CO-3
- Rep. Jay KimR-CA-41
Rep. Doc HastingsR-WA-4
Rep. John MicaR-FL-7
Rep. John BoehnerR-OH-8- Rep. Toby RothR-WI-8
- Rep. Ed BryantR-TN-7
- Rep. Gerald SolomonR-NY-22
- Rep. John KasichR-OH-12
- Rep. Randy TateR-WA-9
Rep. David DreierR-CA-28- Rep. Dick ChryslerR-MI-8
- Rep. Jim TalentR-MO-2
Rep. Sam BrownbackR-KS-2- Rep. William PaxonR-NY-27
Rep. George RadanovichR-CA-19
Rep. Howard CobleR-NC-6- Rep. Nick SmithR-MI-7
Rep. Mike CrapoR-ID-2
Rep. Donald ManzulloR-IL-16
Rep. Mac CollinsR-GA-3- Rep. Robert DornanR-CA-46
- Rep. Larry CombestR-TX-19
Rep. Jim BunningR-KY-4- Rep. Robert WalkerR-PA-16
- Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
- Rep. Van HillearyR-TN-4
- Rep. Andrea SeastrandR-CA-22
- Rep. Tom DeLayR-TX-22
- Rep. Dan SchaeferR-CO-6
- Rep. David FunderburkR-NC-2
- Rep. J.D. HayworthR-AZ-6
Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6- Rep. Ernest IstookR-OK-5
- Rep. Bob BarrR-GA-7
Rep. Dan BurtonR-IN-6- Rep. David McIntoshR-IN-2
Rep. Mac ThornberryR-TX-13
Rep. Sue MyrickR-NC-9
Rep. Wayne AllardR-CO-4- Rep. Richard ArmeyR-TX-26
- Rep. Jon ChristensenR-NE-2
Rep. Wally HergerR-CA-2
Rep. John DoolittleR-CA-4
Rep. Joe BartonR-TX-6
Rep. Bob InglisR-SC-4
Rep. Steve ChabotR-OH-1
Rep. Pete HoekstraR-MI-2- Rep. Christopher CoxR-CA-47
- Rep. William BakerR-CA-10
Rep. Mark SanfordR-SC-1
Rep. Matt SalmonR-AZ-1- Rep. Gil GutknechtR-MN-1
Rep. Cliff StearnsR-FL-6
Rep. Sam JohnsonR-TX-3
Rep. Todd TiahrtR-KS-4- Rep. Richard PomboR-CA-11
- Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-8
- Rep. John HostettlerR-IN-8
Rep. Dana RohrabacherR-CA-45- Rep. Mark NeumannR-WI-1
Rep. Mark SouderR-IN-4
Rep. James SensenbrennerR-WI-9
Rep. John ShadeggR-AZ-4- Rep. Robert StumpR-AZ-3
- Rep. Helen Chenoweth-HageR-ID-1
Rep. Ed RoyceR-CA-39- Rep. Mel HancockR-MO-7
- Rep. Wes CooleyR-OR-2
- Rep. Joe ScarboroughR-FL-1
Rep. Thomas CoburnR-OK-2- Rep. Joel HefleyR-CO-5
Rep. Steve StockmanR-TX-9
Data notes
The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 1280 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Oversight and Accountability Committee · House · markup by, referred to, reported bySubcommittee: Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation Subcommittee
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 15 actions.
- Oct 2, 1996Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 104-231.
- Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- Sep 20, 1996PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
- Sep 18, 1996FloorFloor · Received in the Senate, read twice, considered, read the third time, and passed without amendment by Unanimous Consent.
- Sep 17, 1996FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 402 - 0 (Roll no. 414).House roll call 414
- FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 5, rule I, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
- FloorFloor · Mr. Horn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
- CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
- Jul 25, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
- Jul 16, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation Subcommittee of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
- CommitteeCommittee · Markup by Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation Subcommittee of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
- Jul 15, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation Subcommittee of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
- Jul 12, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.