Congress · Laws

American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act of 1994

Public Law 103-412 · H.R. 4833 · 103rd Congress · began in the House

Signed by Bill Clinton (D) on Oct 25, 1994 · Native Americans

Sponsor: Rep. William Richardson (D-NM-3)

Cosponsors (1): Rep. Eni Faleomavaega

Passage votesYeaNay

HouseRecorded vote: 353 yea, 39 nay353–39
SenateVoice vote

Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Title I: Recognition of Trust Responsibility

Title II: Indian Trust Fund Management Program

Title III: Special Trustee for American Indians

Title IV: Authorization of Appropriations

American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act of 1994 - Title I: Recognition of Trust Responsibility - Amends Federal law to require the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) to take specified actions to properly discharge U.S. trust responsibilities with regard to Indian funds investment

(Sec. 102) Requires the Secretary to: (1) account for daily and annual balances of Indian trust funds; and (2) provide periodic performance statements.

(Sec. 103) Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to invest individual Indian funds held in trust by the United States.

(Sec. 104) Directs the Secretary to pay Indian claims for interest owed.

Title II: Indian Trust Fund Management Program - Authorizes an Indian tribe to submit to the Secretary a plan to directly manage tribal funds held in trust by the United States. Authorizes grants to assist tribes in implementing such plans.

Title III: Special Trustee for American Indians - Establishes in the Department of the Interior the Office of Special Trustee for American Indians which shall develop a comprehensive reform plan of the Secretary's trust responsibilities to Indian tribes, including oversight of reform efforts within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service.

Requires the Special Trustee to appoint an advisory board, which shall terminate upon termination of the Office of Special Trustee.

Title IV: Authorization of Appropriations - Authorizes appropriations.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 103rd Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 353 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

353 yea39 nay42 present or did not vote

Dimension 2

Economic left–right

More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(224)

Rep. Ronald DellumsD-CA-9
Rep. Mel WattD-NC-12
Rep. Maxine WatersD-CA-35
Rep. Barbara-Rose CollinsD-MI-15
Rep. John ConyersD-MI-14
Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
Rep. Jerrold NadlerD-NY-8
Rep. Alcee HastingsD-FL-23
Rep. Cardiss CollinsD-IL-7
Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-11
Rep. Michael KopetskiD-OR-5
Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10
Rep. Ed TownsD-NY-10
Rep. Nancy PelosiD-CA-8
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-13
Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-16
Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
Rep. Nydia VelázquezD-NY-12
Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
Rep. Bobby RushD-IL-1
Rep. Cynthia McKinneyD-GA-11
Rep. Xavier BecerraD-CA-30
Rep. Carrie MeekD-FL-17
Rep. Jolene UnsoeldD-WA-3
Rep. Jim McDermottD-WA-7
Rep. Daniel HamburgD-CA-1
Rep. David BoniorD-MI-10
Rep. John LewisD-GA-5
Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4
Rep. José SerranoD-NY-16
Rep. Neil AbercrombieD-HI-1
Rep. Lucille Roybal-AllardD-CA-33
Rep. Thomas FogliettaD-PA-1
Rep. John OlverD-MA-1
Rep. Allan SwiftD-WA-2
Rep. William FordD-MI-13
Rep. Eliot EngelD-NY-17
Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
Rep. Eddie JohnsonD-TX-30
Rep. Bobby ScottD-VA-3
Rep. Floyd FlakeD-NY-6
Rep. Bennie ThompsonD-MS-2
Rep. Bernie SandersD-VT
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-29
Rep. Esteban TorresD-CA-34
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
Rep. Bob FilnerD-CA-50
Rep. Norman MinetaD-CA-15
Rep. Lynn WoolseyD-CA-6
Rep. Cleo FieldsD-LA-4
Rep. Julian DixonD-CA-32
Rep. Eva ClaytonD-NC-1
Rep. George BrownD-CA-42
Rep. Mel ReynoldsD-IL-2
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Bruce VentoD-MN-4
Rep. Lane EvansD-IL-17
Rep. William JeffersonD-LA-2
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
Rep. Michael SynarD-OK-2
Rep. Jim ClyburnD-SC-6
Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-10
Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-5
Rep. Maurice HincheyD-NY-26
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
Rep. Sam FarrD-CA-17
Rep. Sam GejdensonD-CT-2
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
Rep. Corrine BrownD-FL-3
Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
Rep. Kweisi MfumeD-MD-7
Rep. Luis GutiérrezD-IL-4
Rep. Albert WynnD-MD-4
Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
Rep. Victor FazioD-CA-3
Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Elizabeth FurseD-OR-1
Rep. Anthony BeilensonD-CA-24
Rep. Anna EshooD-CA-14
Rep. Joseph KennedyD-MA-8
Rep. Thomas AndrewsD-ME-1
Rep. Gary AckermanD-NY-5
Rep. Ronald ColemanD-TX-16
Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Thomas SawyerD-OH-14
Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1
Rep. David SkaggsD-CO-2
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. Jack ReedD-RI-2
Rep. Sanford BishopD-GA-2
Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-28
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. Francis McCloskeyD-IN-8
Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9
Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3
Rep. Richard DurbinD-IL-20
Rep. Chuck SchumerD-NY-9
Rep. Barbara KennellyD-CT-1
Rep. Thomas MantonD-NY-7
Rep. George HochbruecknerD-NY-1
Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-11
Rep. Benjamin CardinD-MD-3
Rep. Jim MoranD-VA-8
Rep. Ron WydenD-OR-3
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-9
Rep. Matthew MartínezD-CA-31
Rep. John BryantD-TX-5
Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-12
Rep. Tom LantosD-CA-12
Rep. Paul KanjorskiD-PA-11
Rep. Robert WiseD-WV-2
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. Ray ThorntonD-AR-2
Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
Rep. Bob MenendezD-NJ-13
Rep. David PriceD-NC-4
Rep. Ted StricklandD-OH-6
Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-29
Rep. Thomas BarlowD-KY-1
Rep. Sherrod BrownD-OH-13
Rep. Peter DeFazioD-OR-4
Rep. Karan EnglishD-AZ-6
Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
Rep. Mike KreidlerD-WA-9
Rep. Jerry KleczkaD-WI-4
Rep. Marty MeehanD-MA-5
Rep. Thomas BarrettD-WI-5
Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-2
Rep. Tony HallD-OH-3
Rep. Herbert KleinD-NJ-8
Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
Rep. Michael McNultyD-NY-21
Rep. Peter DeutschD-FL-20
Rep. Frank TejedaD-TX-28
Rep. Pete PetersonD-FL-2
Rep. Ron KlinkD-PA-4
Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-3
Rep. Bart StupakD-MI-1
Rep. Solomon OrtizD-TX-27
Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
Rep. Lynn SchenkD-CA-49
Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
Rep. James BacchusD-FL-15
Rep. Larry LaRoccoD-ID-1
Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
Rep. Maria CantwellD-WA-1
Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-6
Rep. George SangmeisterD-IL-11
Rep. John WilliamsD-MT-1
Rep. Karen ShepherdD-UT-2
Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
Rep. Samuel CoppersmithD-AZ-1
Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
Rep. Jill Long ThompsonD-IN-4
Rep. Karen ThurmanD-FL-5
Rep. Marjorie Margolies-MezvinskyD-PA-13
Rep. Earl PomeroyD-ND
Rep. David MannD-OH-1
Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6
Rep. Jay InsleeD-WA-4
Rep. Stephen NealD-NC-5
Rep. Tim JohnsonD-SD
Rep. Paul McHaleD-PA-15
Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
Rep. Peter HoaglandD-NE-2
Rep. Bud CramerD-AL-5
Rep. Daniel GlickmanD-KS-4
Rep. Jim ChapmanD-TX-1
Rep. Harold VolkmerD-MO-9
Rep. Eric FingerhutD-OH-19
Rep. James BilbrayD-NV-1
Rep. Robert ClementD-TN-5
Rep. Cal DooleyD-CA-20
Rep. Douglas ApplegateD-OH-18
Rep. Scotty BaeslerD-KY-6
Rep. James TraficantD-OH-17
Rep. Richard LehmanD-CA-19
Rep. Timothy RoemerD-IN-3
Rep. Blanche LincolnD-AR-1
Rep. John BrowderD-AL-3
Rep. Peter BarcaD-WI-1
Rep. Tim HoldenD-PA-6
Rep. Don JohnsonD-GA-10
Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-12
Rep. Lewis PayneD-VA-5
Rep. Richard SwettD-NH-2
Rep. Chet EdwardsD-TX-11
Rep. Michael AndrewsD-TX-25
Rep. Martin LancasterD-NC-3
Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
Rep. Sonny MontgomeryD-MS-3
Rep. William LipinskiD-IL-3
Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
Rep. James BarciaD-MI-5
Rep. William BrewsterD-OK-3
Rep. David MingeD-MN-2
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. Tim ValentineD-NC-2
Rep. James RowlandD-GA-8
Rep. Norman SisiskyD-VA-4
Rep. William SarpaliusD-TX-13
Rep. John TannerD-TN-8
Rep. Glenn PoshardD-IL-19
Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-10
Rep. Austin MurphyD-PA-20
Rep. Jim CooperD-TN-4
Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7
Rep. Pete GerenD-TX-12
Rep. Nathan DealD-GA-9
Rep. Gary ConditD-CA-18
Rep. William OrtonD-UT-3
Rep. Earl HuttoD-FL-1
Rep. Billy TauzinD-LA-3
Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4
Rep. Gene TaylorD-MS-5

Republicans who voted yea(129)

Rep. Constance MorellaR-MD-8
Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-20
Rep. Sherry BoehlertR-NY-23
Rep. Christopher ShaysR-CT-4
Rep. Nancy JohnsonR-CT-6
Rep. Olympia SnoweR-ME-2
Rep. Amo HoughtonR-NY-31
Rep. Ronald MachtleyR-RI-1
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
Rep. Stephen HornR-CA-38
Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
Rep. Marge RoukemaR-NJ-5
Rep. Arthur RavenelR-SC-1
Rep. Paul GillmorR-OH-5
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-BalartR-FL-21
Rep. Peter TorkildsenR-MA-6
Rep. Steven GundersonR-WI-3
Rep. William ClingerR-PA-5
Rep. Wayne GilchrestR-MD-1
Rep. Peter BluteR-MA-3
Rep. Herbert BatemanR-VA-1
Rep. Jim GreenwoodR-PA-8
Rep. John PorterR-IL-10
Rep. Thomas RidgeR-PA-21
Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18
Rep. Jan MeyersR-KS-3
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
Rep. Gary FranksR-CT-5
Rep. Steven SchiffR-NM-1
Rep. Michael CastleR-DE
Rep. Jim SaxtonR-NJ-3
Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
Rep. Jack QuinnR-NY-30
Rep. Bob FranksR-NJ-7
Rep. Curt WeldonR-PA-7
Rep. Rick SantorumR-PA-18
Rep. Helen BentleyR-MD-2
Rep. Dave HobsonR-OH-7
Rep. Don YoungR-AK
Rep. Susan MolinariR-NY-13
Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-6
Rep. John KasichR-OH-12
Rep. Jerry LewisR-CA-40
Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
Rep. Jim McCreryR-LA-5
Rep. Vernon EhlersR-MI-3
Rep. Scott McInnisR-CO-3
Rep. Tillie FowlerR-FL-4
Rep. Jim KolbeR-AZ-5
Rep. Clay ShawR-FL-22
Rep. Deborah PryceR-OH-15
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-21
Rep. Richard ZimmerR-NJ-12
Rep. Martin HokeR-OH-10
Rep. Michael HuffingtonR-CA-22
Rep. David LevyR-NY-4
Rep. Robert LivingstonR-LA-1
Rep. Jim RamstadR-MN-3
Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
Rep. Robert MichelR-IL-18
Rep. Dave CampR-MI-4
Rep. James LightfootR-IA-3
Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
Rep. Barbara VucanovichR-NV-2
Rep. John McHughR-NY-24
Rep. Elton GalleglyR-CA-23
Rep. Jennifer DunnR-WA-8
Rep. Pete KingR-NY-3
Rep. Tom BlileyR-VA-7
Rep. Bill McCollumR-FL-8
Rep. Harris FawellR-IL-13
Rep. Rob PortmanR-OH-2
Rep. Charles CanadyR-FL-12
Rep. Bill BarrettR-NE-3
Rep. Newton GingrichR-GA-6
Rep. Thomas EwingR-IL-15
Rep. Frank LucasR-OK-6
Rep. Alfred McCandlessR-CA-44
Rep. Craig ThomasR-WY
Rep. Tim HutchinsonR-AR-3
Rep. Bob GoodlatteR-VA-6
Rep. Duke CunninghamR-CA-51
Rep. Jay KimR-CA-41
Rep. Henry BonillaR-TX-23
Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21
Rep. Pete HoekstraR-MI-2
Rep. Dan MillerR-FL-13
Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6
Rep. Toby RothR-WI-8
Rep. Steve BuyerR-IN-5
Rep. Buck McKeonR-CA-25
Rep. George GekasR-PA-17
Rep. Porter GossR-FL-14
Rep. Ron PackardR-CA-48
Rep. Ernest IstookR-OK-5
Rep. Richard PomboR-CA-11
Rep. Nick SmithR-MI-7
Rep. William ZeliffR-NH-1
Rep. Robert SmithR-OR-2
Rep. Bob InglisR-SC-4
Rep. Jim NussleR-IA-2
Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
Rep. John LinderR-GA-4
Rep. Larry CombestR-TX-19
Rep. Spencer BachusR-AL-6
Rep. John MicaR-FL-7
Rep. Donald ManzulloR-IL-16
Rep. Pat RobertsR-KS-1
Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-27
Rep. Joe KnollenbergR-MI-11
Rep. William BakerR-CA-10
Rep. Rod GramsR-MN-6
Rep. Mike CrapoR-ID-2
Rep. Christopher CoxR-CA-47
Rep. Gerald SolomonR-NY-22
Rep. Wally HergerR-CA-2
Rep. Duncan HunterR-CA-52
Rep. Roscoe BartlettR-MD-6
Rep. David DreierR-CA-28
Rep. Robert DornanR-CA-46
Rep. Howard CobleR-NC-6
Rep. William PaxonR-NY-27
Rep. John DoolittleR-CA-4
Rep. Robert WalkerR-PA-16
Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-8

Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 1050 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Natural Resources Committee · House · markup by, referred to, reported bySubcommittee: Native American Affairs Subcommittee

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 14 actions.

Oct 25, 1994Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 103-412.
Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
Oct 18, 1994PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
Oct 7, 1994FloorFloor · Passed Senate without amendment by Voice Vote.
Oct 3, 1994FloorFloor · The title of the measure was amended. Agreed to without objection.
FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 353 - 39 (Roll no. 462).House roll call 462
FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the chair put the question on the motion to suspend the rules. Mr. McCandless objected to the vote on the grounds that a quorum was not present. Further proceedings on the motion were postponed. The point of no quorum was withdrawn.
FloorFloor · Mr. Richardson moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Natural Resources Committee
Sep 28, 1994CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Natural Resources Committee
Aug 11, 1994CommitteeCommittee · Hearings by Native American Affairs Subcommittee of the House Natural Resources Committee
Jul 26, 1994CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Natural Resources Committee
IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House

Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.