Corbitt v. New Jersey
439 U.S. 212 · No. 77-5903 · 1978 term · Burger Court
Decided Dec 11, 1978 · argued Oct 3, 1978
Criminal procedure · Plea bargaining: the constitutionality of and/or the circumstances of its exercise
Majority opinion: Byron White
The voteMajorityDissent
6–36 in the majority, 3 in dissent
3 dissents (6–3)
Affirmed. Corbitt lost.
What this ruling means
Affirmed: the Supreme Court upheld the decision of the New Jersey Supreme Court, so it stands (sometimes with changes the Court made to it).
Corbitt was the petitioner, the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the case. “Lost” means the Court did not give that side the result it asked for.
From the Supreme Court Database. A justice who agreed with the result but not the reasoning counts in the majority.
Summary
The opening of the case’s Wikipedia article: what the case was about and what the Court held.
Wikipedia has no article on this case, so there is no summary.
Data notes
The text is Wikipedia’s (CC BY-SA 4.0), matched to the case by its citation, docket number or name and year, and is not checked against the opinion. The site keeps the article’s opening section, ending on its last full sentence. The one-sentence summary under the title is the Decisions list’s: Wikipedia’s own ruling sentence, or, tagged “AI-written”, one Claude wrote from this opening.
How the justices voted
Each justice who took part, placed by their Martin–Quinn ideology score for the 1978 term. Filled: the 6 in the majority. Hollow: the 3 in dissent. Colour is the party of the president who appointed them.
Majority(6)
Byron WhiteWrote the majority opinion
Potter StewartWrote a concurrence
Harry BlackmunJoined the majority
Lewis PowellJoined the majority
Warren BurgerJoined the majority
William RehnquistJoined the majority
Dissent(3)
John StevensWrote a dissent
Thurgood MarshallJoined a dissent
William BrennanJoined a dissent
Data notes
Each justice’s vote and what they wrote are from the justice-centered file of the Supreme Court Database. “Wrote a concurrence” means the justice sided with the majority and wrote separately; a justice who dissented in part is counted on the side they took overall. A justice who wrote nothing is listed as joining their side.
Positions are each justice’s Martin–Quinn score for the case’s term, the same scores as the Ideology page: negative is more liberal, positive more conservative. A score sums up a justice’s votes across the whole term, so it says where they usually sit, not why they voted as they did here. The median line is the Court’s median justice that term.
The parties
Who brought the case to the Court, who answered it, and how it got there.
- Petitioner
- CorbittPerson convicted of crime
- Respondent
- New JerseyState (New Jersey)
- Reached the Court by
- Appeal (the Court was required to hear it)
Data notes
The names are the two sides of the case’s title. The description under each is the Supreme Court Database’s category for that party, in its own wording. The petitioner is the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the decision below. “Why it was taken” appears only when the majority opinion says lower courts disagreed or were unsure about the question; reasons that would fit any case (“to resolve the question presented”, “an important question”) are left out.
The law at issue
The law the Court was asked to apply, and the kind of power it used to decide.
- Provision
- Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury)
- Kind of law
- Constitutional Amendment
- Decided by
- Judicial review (state level)
Data notes
The Supreme Court Database codes the main constitutional provision, statute or court rule each case turned on, and the basis of the decision: judicial review of a federal or state law, interpreting a statute, supervising the lower courts, and so on. A case can rest on more than one. “Overruled” counts only where the majority opinion says so.
Timeline
What happened at the Court and how the case got there, newest first.
- Dec 11, 1978DecidedDecided · Decided 6–3: affirmed. Corbitt lost.
- Oct 3, 1978ArguedArgued · Oral argument before the Court.
- Not datedTaken upTaken up · Reached the Supreme Court on appeal, which the Court had to hear.
- Not datedCourt belowCourt below · Decided by the New Jersey Supreme Court: affirmed.
- Not datedBeganBegan · The case began in the New Jersey trial court.
Data notes
From the Supreme Court Database: the court the case began in, the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed and what that court did, how the case came to the Court, and the dates of argument and decision. The database does not date the steps in the lower courts. Court names are the database’s.
Other decisions on the same issue
26 other argued cases since 1946 on plea bargaining: the constitutionality of and/or the circumstances of its exercise, newest first.
- Class v. United States138 S. Ct. 798Feb 21, 2018 · 138 S. Ct. 798Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
- Burt v. Titlow571 U.S. 12Nov 5, 2013 · 571 U.S. 12Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- James Benjamin Puckett v. United States556 U.S. 129Mar 25, 2009 · 556 U.S. 129Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
- Margaret Bradshaw, Warden v. John David Stumpf545 U.S. 175Jun 13, 2005 · 545 U.S. 175Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- United States v. Carlos Dominguez Benitez542 U.S. 74Jun 14, 2004 · 542 U.S. 74Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- United States v. Angela Ruiz536 U.S. 622Jun 24, 2002 · 536 U.S. 622Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Salvador Godinez, Warden v. Richard Allan MoranLandmark · Competence509 U.S. 389Jun 24, 1993 · 509 U.S. 389Criminal procedureLandmark · Competence7–27–2 band
- Al C. Parke, Warden v. Ricky Harold Raley506 U.S. 20Dec 1, 1992 · 506 U.S. 20Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Hill v. Lockhart, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction474 U.S. 52Nov 18, 1985 · 474 U.S. 52Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Mabry, Commissioner, Arkansas Department of Correction v. Johnson467 U.S. 504Jun 11, 1984 · 467 U.S. 504Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Marshall, Superintendent, Southern Ohio Correctional Facility v. Lonberger459 U.S. 422Feb 22, 1983 · 459 U.S. 422Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
- United States v. Goodwin457 U.S. 368Jun 18, 1982 · 457 U.S. 368Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
- Bordenkircher, Penitentiary Superintendent v. Hayes434 U.S. 357Jan 18, 1978 · 434 U.S. 357Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
- Blackledge, Warden, et al. v. Allison431 U.S. 63May 2, 1977 · 431 U.S. 63Criminal procedure8–0Unanimous band
- Henderson, Correctional Superintendent v. Morgan426 U.S. 637Jun 17, 1976 · 426 U.S. 637Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
- Blackledge, Warden, et al. v. Perry417 U.S. 21May 20, 1974 · 417 U.S. 21Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
- Tollett, Warden v. Henderson411 U.S. 258Apr 17, 1973 · 411 U.S. 258Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
- Dukes v. Warden, Connecticut State Prison406 U.S. 250May 15, 1972 · 406 U.S. 250Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
- Santobello v. New York404 U.S. 257Dec 20, 1971 · 404 U.S. 257Criminal procedure4–36–3 band
- North Carolina v. Alford400 U.S. 25Nov 23, 1970 · 400 U.S. 25Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
- Parker v. North Carolina397 U.S. 790May 4, 1970 · 397 U.S. 790Criminal procedure5–36–3 band
- McMann, Warden, et al. v. Richardson et al.397 U.S. 759May 4, 1970 · 397 U.S. 759Criminal procedure5–36–3 band
- Brady v. United States397 U.S. 742May 4, 1970 · 397 U.S. 742Criminal procedure8–0Unanimous band
- Boykin v. Alabama395 U.S. 238Jun 2, 1969 · 395 U.S. 238Criminal procedure6–27–2 band
- McCarthy v. United States394 U.S. 459Apr 2, 1969 · 394 U.S. 459Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- United States ex rel. Smith v. Baldi, Superintendent, Philadelphia County Prison344 U.S. 561Feb 9, 1953 · 344 U.S. 561Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
Data notes
Every other orally argued case with a clear vote, from the 1946 term on, that the Supreme Court Database files under the same issue as this one. The database gives each case one issue from a list of about 270 (abortion, search and seizure of vehicles, the death penalty, and so on), whatever law it turned on.
Official record
Read the full opinion on Justia and the argument audio on Oyez. Case data from the Supreme Court Database, Version 2026 Release 01, through the 2025 term.