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Department of Defense Appropriation Authorization Act, 1977

Public Law 94-361 · H.R. 12438 · 94th Congress · began in the House

Signed by Gerald Ford (R) on Jul 14, 1976 · Armed Forces and National Security

Sponsor: Rep. Charles Price (D-IL-23)

Cosponsors (1): Rep. Bob Wilson

Passage votesYeaNay

  • HouseRecorded vote: 339 yea, 66 nay339–66
  • SenateRecorded vote: 78 yea, 12 nay78–12
Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Department of Defense Appropriations Authorization Act - =Title I: Procurement= - Authorizes the appropriation of specified amounts for fiscal year 1977 for aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, tracked combat vehicles, torpedoes, and other weapons procurement.

=Title II: Research Development, Test, and Evaluation= - Authorizes the appropriation of specified amounts for use by the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Agencies for research and development.

=Title III: Active Force= - Authorizes end strength limits for active duty personnel for the military departments for the period of October 1, 1976, through September 30, 1977.

Requires the Secretary of Defense to include in his annual report to the Congress on active duty end strength recommendations, an identification, and definition, and grouping by mission and region of the types of military bases, installations and facilities, and an explanation and justification of the relationship between such base structure and the proposed military structure, together with a comprehensive identification of base operating support costs and an evaluation of possible alternatives to reduce such costs. Permits members of the uniformed military services and of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which have accrued leave at time of discharge, to be paid in cash.

=Title IV: Reserve Forces= - Sets active strength levels for Reserve units of the military departments.

=Title V: Civilian Personnel= - Authorizes end strength for civilian personnel in the Department of Defense of 1,031,000 for the period of October 1, 1976 through September 30, 1977.

=Title VI: Military Training Student Loands= - Authorizes average military training student loads for the military departments for the period beginning October 1, 1976 and ending September 30, 1977.

Establishes the Community College of the Air Force which shall, in cooperation with civilian colleges, prescribe programs of higher education for enlisted members of the Armed Forces to improve technical, managerial, and related skills of such members and prepare such members for military jobs requireing use of such skills.

=Title VII: Supplemental Authorization of Funds for the Navy for Fiscal Year 1976= - Authorizes additional appropriations to the Navy for fiscal year 1976 for research, development, test, and evaluation.

=Title VIII: General Provisions= - Eliminates the one-percent add-on to cost-of-living increases in military retired pay, if such add-on is repealed for civil service employees.

Makes it the policy of the United States that equipment procured for the use of Armed Forces in NATO is standardized or interoperable with equipment of other NATO members. Directs the purchase of such equipment, and authorizes the Secretary of Defense to purchase equipment outside the United States in order to implement such policy except where the equipment meets procurement objectives at the same or lower cost. Requires the Secretary to report to Congress any proposal to not comply with such policy. States the sense of the Congress that realization of such policy would be enhanced by expanded inter-Allied procurement within NATO, an requires the Secretary to negotiate toward such end.

Requires that needs of States and local governments regarding preparation for other than enemy-caused disasters be taken into account in providing Federal assistance under the Federal Civil Defense Act. Permits use of funds under this Act for emergency assistance in other than an enemy-caused disaster.

Repeals provisions of the Department of Appropriations Act of 1975 relating to exports to controlled countries of goods, technology, and industrial techniques developed by funds authorized for the Department of Defense.

Provides that during fiscal years 1977 and 1978 contracts for procurement of major weapons systems shall grant the procuring authority permission to purchase the relevant technical data and computer software.

States the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of the Navy not take any action with respect to closing any Naval Reserve Training Center or Facility which was in active use in March 1, 1976, until the authorization and appropriation legislation establishing the average strength of the Reserve in the Naval Reserve in fiscal year 1977 has been enacted into law.

Requires that prior to March 1, 1977, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct a study as to how greater utilization of civilian faculty may be accomplished in the service academies intermediate and senior war colleges.

Establishes within the Department of Defense an institute to be known as the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Authorizes the Institute to contract with the American Registry of Pathology for cooperative enterprises in medical research, consultation, and education between the Institute and the civilian medical profession.

Establishes a nonprofit corporation to be known as the American Registry of Pathology which shall not for any purpose be an agency of the United States Government.

Authorizes the Registry to: (1) enter into contracts with the Institute for the provision of such services and personnel as may be necessary to carry out their common purposes; (2) enter into contracts with public and private organizations for the writing, editing, and publishing of fascicles of tumor pathology, atlases, and other material; (3) enter into agreements with professional societies for the establishment and maintenance of Registries of Pathology; and (4) serve as a focus for the interchange between military and civilian pathology and encourage the participation of medical, dental, and veterinary sciences in pathology for the mutual benefit of military and civilian medicine.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 94th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 341 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

341 yea68 nay23 present or did not vote

Dimension 2
Economic left–right
More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(207)

  • Rep. John MossD-CA-3
  • Rep. James CormanD-CA-21
  • Rep. Gus HawkinsD-CA-29
  • Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-24
  • Rep. Ralph MetcalfeD-IL-1
  • Rep. Charles DiggsD-MI-13
  • Rep. Barbara JordanD-TX-18
  • Rep. Robert NixD-PA-2
  • Rep. William FordD-MI-15
  • Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
  • Rep. Harold JohnsonD-CA-1
  • Rep. Robert EckhardtD-TX-8
  • Rep. Charles CarneyD-OH-19
  • Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
  • Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
  • Rep. John BrademasD-IN-3
  • Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
  • Rep. James ScheuerD-NY-11
  • Rep. John McFallD-CA-14
  • Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
  • Rep. Richard BollingD-MO-5
  • Rep. Joshua EilbergD-PA-4
  • Rep. Robert LeggettD-CA-4
  • Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
  • Rep. Peter RodinoD-NJ-10
  • Rep. Lloyd MeedsD-WA-2
  • Rep. John FaryD-IL-5
  • Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
  • Rep. Ray MaddenD-IN-1
  • Rep. William BrodheadD-MI-17
  • Rep. Thomas MorganD-PA-22
  • Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
  • Rep. John MurphyD-NY-17
  • Rep. Dominick DanielsD-NJ-14
  • Rep. Spark MatsunagaD-HI-1
  • Rep. Floyd HicksD-WA-6
  • Rep. James BurkeD-MA-11
  • Rep. William LehmanD-FL-13
  • Rep. Daniel RostenkowskiD-IL-8
  • Rep. William BurlisonD-MO-10
  • Rep. Edward PattenD-NJ-15
  • Rep. Morgan MurphyD-IL-2
  • Rep. George DanielsonD-CA-30
  • Rep. James O’HaraD-MI-12
  • Rep. Claude PepperD-FL-14
  • Rep. Teno RoncalioD-WY
  • Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-15
  • Rep. Charles WilsonD-CA-31
  • Rep. Daniel FloodD-PA-11
  • Rep. John DentD-PA-21
  • Rep. Robert BerglandD-MN-7
  • Rep. Lucien NedziD-MI-14
  • Rep. William MoorheadD-PA-14
  • Rep. Jerry PattersonD-CA-38
  • Rep. Paul SarbanesD-MD-3
  • Rep. Joseph VigoritoD-PA-24
  • Rep. John MoakleyD-MA-9
  • Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
  • Rep. Lionel Van DeerlinD-CA-42
  • Rep. Philip HayesD-IN-8
  • Rep. Harold FordD-TN-8
  • Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
  • Rep. James HanleyD-NY-32
  • Rep. Bernice SiskD-CA-16
  • Rep. William GreenD-PA-3
  • Rep. Mario BiaggiD-NY-10
  • Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
  • Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
  • Rep. James DelaneyD-NY-9
  • Rep. Tim HallD-IL-15
  • Rep. Robert MollohanD-WV-1
  • Rep. Leo ZeferettiD-NY-15
  • Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
  • Rep. William HungateD-MO-9
  • Rep. Brock AdamsD-WA-7
  • Rep. William CotterD-CT-1
  • Rep. Herbert HarrisD-VA-8
  • Rep. Richard Vander VeenD-MI-5
  • Rep. Leslie AspinD-WI-1
  • Rep. Paul SimonD-IL-24
  • Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
  • Rep. Frederick RooneyD-PA-15
  • Rep. Albert UllmanD-OR-2
  • Rep. Thomas FoleyD-WA-5
  • Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-32
  • Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
  • Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
  • Rep. John MelcherD-MT-2
  • Rep. Thomas ReesD-CA-23
  • Rep. James FlorioD-NJ-1
  • Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
  • Rep. Frank EvansD-CO-3
  • Rep. James BlanchardD-MI-18
  • Rep. Gillis LongD-LA-8
  • Rep. Mike McCormackD-WA-4
  • Rep. Gladys SpellmanD-MD-5
  • Rep. James WrightD-TX-12
  • Rep. Don BonkerD-WA-3
  • Rep. James LloydD-CA-35
  • Rep. George ShipleyD-IL-22
  • Rep. Henry NowakD-NY-37
  • Rep. Joseph FisherD-VA-10
  • Rep. Robert EdgarD-PA-7
  • Rep. Thomas DowneyD-NY-2
  • Rep. Allan HoweD-UT-2
  • Rep. Mark HannafordD-CA-34
  • Rep. Koln McKayD-UT-1
  • Rep. Clifford AllenD-TN-5
  • Rep. Otis PikeD-NY-1
  • Rep. Lester WolffD-NY-6
  • Rep. John KrebsD-CA-17
  • Rep. Timothy WirthD-CO-2
  • Rep. Robert GiaimoD-CT-3
  • Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
  • Rep. Thomas SteedD-OK-4
  • Rep. Bill AlexanderD-AR-1
  • Rep. Mendel DavisD-SC-1
  • Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
  • Rep. John SlackD-WV-3
  • Rep. Martha KeysD-KS-2
  • Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
  • Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
  • Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
  • Rep. Robert DuncanD-OR-3
  • Rep. Lunsford PreyerD-NC-6
  • Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
  • Rep. Jerome AmbroD-NY-3
  • Rep. John YoungD-TX-14
  • Rep. Wilbur MillsD-AR-2
  • Rep. Ed JonesD-TN-7
  • Rep. Samuel StrattonD-NY-28
  • Rep. John BreckinridgeD-KY-6
  • Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-36
  • Rep. Theodore RisenhooverD-OK-2
  • Rep. Jerry LittonD-MO-6
  • Rep. Thomas AshleyD-OH-9
  • Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
  • Rep. Ray ThorntonD-AR-4
  • Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
  • Rep. Norman D’AmoursD-NH-1
  • Rep. Kenneth HollandD-SC-5
  • Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
  • Rep. Martin RussoD-IL-3
  • Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
  • Rep. William RandallD-MO-4
  • Rep. Abraham KazenD-TX-23
  • Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
  • Rep. Les AuCoinD-OR-1
  • Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
  • Rep. Floyd FithianD-IN-2
  • Rep. John RoushD-IN-4
  • Rep. Bo GinnD-GA-1
  • Rep. Stephen NealD-NC-5
  • Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
  • Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
  • Rep. Carroll HubbardD-KY-1
  • Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-10
  • Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
  • Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
  • Rep. Robert StephensD-GA-10
  • Rep. Don FuquaD-FL-2
  • Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
  • Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
  • Rep. Walter JonesD-NC-1
  • Rep. Bill HefnerD-NC-8
  • Rep. George MahonD-TX-19
  • Rep. Walter FlowersD-AL-7
  • Rep. Ike AndrewsD-NC-4
  • Rep. Paul RogersD-FL-11
  • Rep. Robert KruegerD-TX-21
  • Rep. Jack HightowerD-TX-13
  • Rep. James JonesD-OK-1
  • Rep. John BreauxD-LA-7
  • Rep. Herbert RobertsD-TX-4
  • Rep. David BowenD-MS-2
  • Rep. David EvansD-IN-6
  • Rep. Robert SikesD-FL-1
  • Rep. Jamie WhittenD-MS-1
  • Rep. Roy TaylorD-NC-11
  • Rep. Ronald MottlD-OH-23
  • Rep. William ChappellD-FL-4
  • Rep. Elliott LevitasD-GA-4
  • Rep. William NicholsD-AL-3
  • Rep. Lawrence FountainD-NC-2
  • Rep. Olin TeagueD-TX-6
  • Rep. James HaleyD-FL-8
  • Rep. Glenn EnglishD-OK-6
  • Rep. Jack BrinkleyD-GA-3
  • Rep. Marvin MathisD-GA-2
  • Rep. Andrew JacobsD-IN-11
  • Rep. Richard IchordD-MO-8
  • Rep. Phillip LandrumD-GA-9
  • Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
  • Rep. Thomas DowningD-VA-1
  • Rep. James MannD-SC-4
  • Rep. Dale MilfordD-TX-24
  • Rep. Goodloe ByronD-MD-6
  • Rep. Felix HébertD-LA-1
  • Rep. John FlyntD-GA-6
  • Rep. Joseph WaggonnerD-LA-4
  • Rep. William PoageD-TX-11
  • Rep. Harold RunnelsD-NM-2
  • Rep. Sonny MontgomeryD-MS-3
  • Rep. Omar BurlesonD-TX-17
  • Rep. Dan DanielD-VA-5
  • Rep. David SatterfieldD-VA-3
  • Rep. Lawrence McDonaldD-GA-7

Republicans who voted yea(134)

  • Rep. Charles WhalenR-OH-3
  • Rep. Gilbert GudeR-MD-8
  • Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
  • Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
  • Rep. Edward BiesterR-PA-8
  • Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-34
  • Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-26
  • Rep. Margaret HecklerR-MA-10
  • Rep. William WalshR-NY-33
  • Rep. Larry PresslerR-SD-1
  • Rep. Mark AndrewsR-ND
  • Rep. Stewart McKinneyR-CT-4
  • Rep. Tim CarterR-KY-5
  • Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
  • Rep. Thomas RailsbackR-IL-19
  • Rep. Pete McCloskeyR-CA-12
  • Rep. William CohenR-ME-2
  • Rep. Jim JeffordsR-VT
  • Rep. Ronald SarasinR-CT-5
  • Rep. David EmeryR-ME-1
  • Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
  • Rep. Don YoungR-AK
  • Rep. Joel PritchardR-WA-1
  • Rep. William HarshaR-OH-6
  • Rep. Elwood HillisR-IN-5
  • Rep. John StantonR-OH-11
  • Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
  • Rep. Edward MadiganR-IL-21
  • Rep. James ClevelandR-NH-2
  • Rep. William WamplerR-VA-9
  • Rep. John AndersonR-IL-16
  • Rep. Thad CochranR-MS-4
  • Rep. John BuchananR-AL-6
  • Rep. Pierre du PontR-DE
  • Rep. Tennyson GuyerR-OH-4
  • Rep. Albert JohnsonR-PA-23
  • Rep. Garner ShriverR-KS-4
  • Rep. Donald ClausenR-CA-2
  • Rep. John HammerschmidtR-AR-3
  • Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
  • Rep. Trent LottR-MS-5
  • Rep. Herbert BurkeR-FL-12
  • Rep. John DuncanR-TN-2
  • Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
  • Rep. John JarmanD-OK-5
  • Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
  • Rep. Jack EdwardsR-AL-1
  • Rep. Philip RuppeR-MI-11
  • Rep. James AbdnorR-SD-2
  • Rep. Joe SkubitzR-KS-5
  • Rep. Bob WilsonR-CA-41
  • Rep. Edward DerwinskiR-IL-4
  • Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
  • Rep. Charles ThoneR-NE-1
  • Rep. Burt TalcottR-CA-16
  • Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
  • Rep. Albert QuieR-MN-1
  • Rep. Alphonzo BellR-CA-27
  • Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
  • Rep. Shirley PettisR-CA-37
  • Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
  • Rep. William BroomfieldR-MI-19
  • Rep. Louis FreyR-FL-9
  • Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
  • Rep. Clair BurgenerR-CA-43
  • Rep. Skip BafalisR-FL-10
  • Rep. William MooreR-LA-6
  • Rep. Marion SnyderR-KY-4
  • Rep. Robert McCloryR-IL-13
  • Rep. Robert DanielR-VA-4
  • Rep. Garry BrownR-MI-3
  • Rep. Virginia SmithR-NE-3
  • Rep. Guy Vander JagtR-MI-9
  • Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
  • Rep. Manuel LujánR-NM-1
  • Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
  • Rep. Chalmers WylieR-OH-15
  • Rep. Keith SebeliusR-KS-1
  • Rep. Jim JohnsonR-CO-4
  • Rep. Chuck GrassleyR-IA-3
  • Rep. John WydlerR-NY-5
  • Rep. Robert LagomarsinoR-CA-19
  • Rep. Robert McEwenR-NY-30
  • Rep. Robert KastenR-WI-9
  • Rep. William SteigerR-WI-6
  • Rep. Edwin EshlemanR-PA-16
  • Rep. Alan SteelmanR-TX-5
  • Rep. James BroyhillR-NC-10
  • Rep. Manley ButlerR-VA-6
  • Rep. Thomas HagedornR-MN-2
  • Rep. Gary MyersR-PA-25
  • Rep. James RobinsonR-VA-7
  • Rep. Gene TaylorR-MO-7
  • Rep. Richard SchulzeR-PA-5
  • Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
  • Rep. John McCollisterR-NE-2
  • Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6
  • Rep. Barry GoldwaterR-CA-20
  • Rep. William KetchumR-CA-18
  • Rep. David TreenR-LA-3
  • Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
  • Rep. Robin BeardR-TN-6
  • Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
  • Rep. Delbert LattaR-OH-5
  • Rep. Clarence BrownR-OH-7
  • Rep. John ErlenbornR-IL-14
  • Rep. Willis GradisonR-OH-1
  • Rep. Marjorie HoltR-MD-4
  • Rep. James MartinR-NC-9
  • Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-22
  • Rep. Charles WigginsR-CA-39
  • Rep. Donald ClancyR-OH-2
  • Rep. Thomas KindnessR-OH-8
  • Rep. Barber ConableR-NY-35
  • Rep. Richard KellyR-FL-5
  • Rep. Edward HutchinsonR-MI-4
  • Rep. Robert MichelR-IL-18
  • Rep. William ArmstrongR-CO-5
  • Rep. Clarence MillerR-OH-10
  • Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
  • Rep. Samuel DevineR-OH-12
  • Rep. Delwin ClawsonR-CA-33
  • Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
  • Rep. Robert BaumanR-MD-1
  • Rep. Herman SchneebeliR-PA-17
  • Rep. John ConlanR-AZ-4
  • Rep. Sam SteigerR-AZ-3
  • Rep. John AshbrookR-OH-17
  • Rep. John RousselotR-CA-26
  • Rep. George HansenR-ID-2
  • Rep. James CollinsR-TX-3
  • Rep. Steven SymmsR-ID-1
  • Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-12
  • Rep. Ron PaulR-TX-22
Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 983 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 23 actions.

  1. Jul 14, 1976Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
  2. PresidentPresident · Public law 94-361.
  3. Jul 6, 1976PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
  4. Jul 1, 1976PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in Senate.
  5. PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in House.
  6. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #375 (78-12).Senate roll call 375
  7. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #375 (78-12).Senate roll call 375
  8. Jun 30, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · House agreed to conference report, roll call #493 (339-66).House roll call 493
  9. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House agreed to conference report, roll call #493 (339-66).House roll call 493
  10. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Motion to recommit conference report to the Committee of Conference rejected in House, roll call #492 (112-298).House roll call 492
  11. Jun 28, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in Senate, S. Rept. 94-1004.
  12. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in Senate, S. Rept. 94-1004.
  13. Jun 25, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 94-1305.
  14. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 94-1305.
  15. May 27, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in House.
  16. May 26, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in Senate.
  17. FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended, roll call #200 (76-2).Senate roll call 200
  18. May 14, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Armed Services Committee
  19. Apr 12, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Armed Services Committee
  20. Apr 9, 1976FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #187 (298-52).House roll call 187
  21. Mar 26, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Armed Services Committee
  22. Mar 11, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Armed Services Committee
  23. IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.