Congress · Laws

A bill to establish a Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Public Law 94-304 · S. 2679 · 94th Congress · began in the Senate

Signed by Gerald Ford (R) on Jun 3, 1976 · International Affairs

Sponsor: Sen. Clifford Case (R-NJ)

Cosponsors (11): Sen. John Beall, Sen. Harrison Williams,

Passage votesYeaNay

HouseRecorded vote: 240 yea, 95 nay240–95
SenateMethod not stated

Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Establishes the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe to monitor the acts of the signatories which reflect compliance with or violation of the articles of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and to monitor and encourage the development of activities to take advantage of the Final Act to expand East-West economic cooperation and a greater interchange of people and ideas.

Provides that the Commission shall be composed of 15 members to be appointed as specified in this Act.

Gives the Commission the power to subpena witnesses and records as necessary to carry out the responsibilities imposed by this Act.

Directs the President to submit a semiannual report to the Commission detailing actions of such signatories reflecting compliance with or violation of the Final Act, and describing programs of executive agencies and private organizations aimed at taking advantage of the Final Act to expand East-West economic cooperation and greater interchange of people and ideas.

Authorizes the appropriation to the Commission of $350,000 for each fiscal year to remain available until expended for the purpose of carrying out this Act.

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 94th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 249 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

249 yea99 nay84 present or did not vote

Dimension 2

Economic left–right

More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(182)

Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-21
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-9
Rep. Bella AbzugD-NY-20
Rep. Parren MitchellD-MD-7
Rep. James CormanD-CA-21
Rep. Ronald DellumsD-CA-8
Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-10
Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-25
Rep. Phillip BurtonD-CA-6
Rep. Yvonne BurkeD-CA-28
Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Elizabeth HoltzmanD-NY-16
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-24
Rep. Benjamin RosenthalD-NY-8
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-19
Rep. Ralph MetcalfeD-IL-1
Rep. Frank ThompsonD-NJ-4
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
Rep. George BrownD-CA-36
Rep. Cardiss CollinsD-IL-7
Rep. Barbara JordanD-TX-18
Rep. William FordD-MI-15
Rep. Frederick RichmondD-NY-14
Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
Rep. Harold JohnsonD-CA-1
Rep. Robert EckhardtD-TX-8
Rep. Charles CarneyD-OH-19
Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
Rep. John SeiberlingD-OH-14
Rep. Jonathan BinghamD-NY-22
Rep. John BurtonD-CA-5
Rep. John BrademasD-IN-3
Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
Rep. James ScheuerD-NY-11
Rep. John McFallD-CA-14
Rep. Tip O’NeillD-MA-8
Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
Rep. Edward KochD-NY-18
Rep. Richard BollingD-MO-5
Rep. Joshua EilbergD-PA-4
Rep. Robert LeggettD-CA-4
Rep. Henry ReussD-WI-5
Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
Rep. Norman MinetaD-CA-13
Rep. Peter RodinoD-NJ-10
Rep. Stephen SolarzD-NY-13
Rep. Lloyd MeedsD-WA-2
Rep. John FaryD-IL-5
Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
Rep. Ray MaddenD-IN-1
Rep. Helen MeynerD-NJ-13
Rep. Edward MezvinskyD-IA-1
Rep. William BrodheadD-MI-17
Rep. Michael HarringtonD-MA-6
Rep. Thomas MorganD-PA-22
Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
Rep. John MurphyD-NY-17
Rep. Dominick DanielsD-NJ-14
Rep. Spark MatsunagaD-HI-1
Rep. Fernand St. GermainD-RI-1
Rep. Floyd HicksD-WA-6
Rep. James BurkeD-MA-11
Rep. William LehmanD-FL-13
Rep. Robert DrinanD-MA-4
Rep. Daniel RostenkowskiD-IL-8
Rep. William BurlisonD-MO-10
Rep. Morgan MurphyD-IL-2
Rep. Abner MikvaD-IL-10
Rep. James O’HaraD-MI-12
Rep. Edward BeardD-RI-2
Rep. James WeaverD-OR-4
Rep. Claude PepperD-FL-14
Rep. Donald FraserD-MN-5
Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-15
Rep. Charles WilsonD-CA-31
Rep. Daniel FloodD-PA-11
Rep. John DentD-PA-21
Rep. Robert BerglandD-MN-7
Rep. William MoorheadD-PA-14
Rep. Jerry PattersonD-CA-38
Rep. Robert KastenmeierD-WI-2
Rep. Richard OttingerD-NY-24
Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
Rep. Lionel Van DeerlinD-CA-42
Rep. Philip HayesD-IN-8
Rep. Harold FordD-TN-8
Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
Rep. James HanleyD-NY-32
Rep. Bernice SiskD-CA-16
Rep. William GreenD-PA-3
Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
Rep. Charles VanikD-OH-22
Rep. James DelaneyD-NY-9
Rep. Tim HallD-IL-15
Rep. Leo ZeferettiD-NY-15
Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
Rep. William HungateD-MO-9
Rep. William CotterD-CT-1
Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-12
Rep. Herbert HarrisD-VA-8
Rep. Richard Vander VeenD-MI-5
Rep. Paul SimonD-IL-24
Rep. Toby MoffettD-CT-6
Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
Rep. Frederick RooneyD-PA-15
Rep. Leonor SullivanD-MO-3
Rep. Matthew McHughD-NY-27
Rep. Albert UllmanD-OR-2
Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
Rep. John MelcherD-MT-2
Rep. Robert CornellD-WI-8
Rep. Gene MaguireD-NJ-7
Rep. Thomas ReesD-CA-23
Rep. James FlorioD-NJ-1
Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
Rep. Frank EvansD-CO-3
Rep. Edward PattisonD-NY-29
Rep. James BlanchardD-MI-18
Rep. Gillis LongD-LA-8
Rep. Mike McCormackD-WA-4
Rep. Alvin BaldusD-WI-3
Rep. Gladys SpellmanD-MD-5
Rep. James WrightD-TX-12
Rep. James LloydD-CA-35
Rep. George ShipleyD-IL-22
Rep. Henry NowakD-NY-37
Rep. Stanley LundineD-NY-39
Rep. Joseph FisherD-VA-10
Rep. Robert EdgarD-PA-7
Rep. Michael BlouinD-IA-2
Rep. Thomas DowneyD-NY-2
Rep. Allan HoweD-UT-2
Rep. Mark HannafordD-CA-34
Rep. Otis PikeD-NY-1
Rep. Lester WolffD-NY-6
Rep. John KrebsD-CA-17
Rep. Joseph EarlyD-MA-3
Rep. Timothy WirthD-CO-2
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. Thomas SteedD-OK-4
Rep. Mendel DavisD-SC-1
Rep. Christopher DoddD-CT-2
Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
Rep. Lunsford PreyerD-NC-6
Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
Rep. Jerome AmbroD-NY-3
Rep. Wilbur MillsD-AR-2
Rep. John BreckinridgeD-KY-6
Rep. Bob CarrD-MI-6
Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-36
Rep. Theodore RisenhooverD-OK-2
Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
Rep. Norman D’AmoursD-NH-1
Rep. Martin RussoD-IL-3
Rep. Berkley BedellD-IA-6
Rep. William RandallD-MO-4
Rep. Abraham KazenD-TX-23
Rep. Les AuCoinD-OR-1
Rep. Butler DerrickD-SC-3
Rep. Floyd FithianD-IN-2
Rep. James SantiniD-NV
Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
Rep. Marilyn LloydD-TN-3
Rep. Philip SharpD-IN-10
Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
Rep. William HughesD-NJ-2
Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
Rep. Paul RogersD-FL-11
Rep. Jack HightowerD-TX-13
Rep. Kenneth HechlerD-WV-4
Rep. Roy TaylorD-NC-11
Rep. Ronald MottlD-OH-23
Rep. Elliott LevitasD-GA-4
Rep. Lawrence FountainD-NC-2
Rep. Olin TeagueD-TX-6
Rep. Lawrence McDonaldD-GA-7

Republicans who voted yea(67)

Rep. Charles WhalenR-OH-3
Rep. Gilbert GudeR-MD-8
Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-34
Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-26
Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
Rep. William WalshR-NY-33
Rep. Stewart McKinneyR-CT-4
Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
Rep. William CohenR-ME-2
Rep. Ronald SarasinR-CT-5
Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
Rep. Millicent FenwickR-NJ-5
Rep. John StantonR-OH-11
Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
Rep. Edward MadiganR-IL-21
Rep. James ClevelandR-NH-2
Rep. John AndersonR-IL-16
Rep. Pierre du PontR-DE
Rep. Albert JohnsonR-PA-23
Rep. Garner ShriverR-KS-4
Rep. Donald ClausenR-CA-2
Rep. John HammerschmidtR-AR-3
Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
Rep. Jack EdwardsR-AL-1
Rep. Joe SkubitzR-KS-5
Rep. Bob WilsonR-CA-41
Rep. Edward DerwinskiR-IL-4
Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
Rep. Charles ThoneR-NE-1
Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
Rep. Albert QuieR-MN-1
Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
Rep. William BroomfieldR-MI-19
Rep. Louis FreyR-FL-9
Rep. Clair BurgenerR-CA-43
Rep. Skip BafalisR-FL-10
Rep. William MooreR-LA-6
Rep. Virginia SmithR-NE-3
Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
Rep. William DickinsonR-AL-2
Rep. Chuck GrassleyR-IA-3
Rep. Robert LagomarsinoR-CA-19
Rep. Robert McEwenR-NY-30
Rep. Robert KastenR-WI-9
Rep. Edwin ForsytheR-NJ-6
Rep. Richard SchulzeR-PA-5
Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6
Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
Rep. Robin BeardR-TN-6
Rep. William GoodlingR-PA-19
Rep. Delbert LattaR-OH-5
Rep. John ErlenbornR-IL-14
Rep. Willis GradisonR-OH-1
Rep. Marjorie HoltR-MD-4
Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-22
Rep. Donald ClancyR-OH-2
Rep. Barber ConableR-NY-35
Rep. Edward HutchinsonR-MI-4
Rep. William ArmstrongR-CO-5
Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
Rep. Herman SchneebeliR-PA-17
Rep. John ConlanR-AZ-4
Rep. Steven SymmsR-ID-1
Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-12

Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 811 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Foreign Affairs Committee · House · referred to, reported by
Foreign Relations Committee · Senate · referred to, reported by

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 15 actions.

Jun 3, 1976Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
PresidentPresident · Public law 94-304.
May 25, 1976PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in Senate.
PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in House.
May 21, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to House amendment.
May 17, 1976FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #271 (240-95).House roll call 271
FloorFloor · Measure called up under motion to suspend rules and pass in House.
May 14, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Foreign Affairs Committee
May 6, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Foreign Affairs Committee
May 5, 1976FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended.
FloorFloor · Measure called up by unanimous consent in Senate.
Apr 23, 1976CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Nov 17, 1975CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Foreign Relations Committee
IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate

Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.