Animal Welfare Act
Public Law 94-279 · S. 1941 · 94th Congress · began in the Senate
Signed by Gerald Ford (R) on Apr 22, 1976 · Animals
Sponsor: Sen. Lowell Weicker (R-CT)
Cosponsors (3): Sen. Warren Magnuson, Sen. Charles Mathias,
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 332 yea, 31 nay332–31
- SenateRecorded vote: 91 yea, 0 nay91–0
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
Animal Welfare Act Amendments - Defines terms to be used in the Animal Welfare Act, including: "dealer," which shall not include retail pet stores; and "intermediate handler," which shall mean any person including a department of the United States Government or of any State or local government who is engaged in any business in which he receives custody of animals in connection with their transportation in interstate commerce.
Provides that at the request of the Secretary of Agriculture any regulatory agency which requires records to be maintained by intermediate handlers and carriers with respect to the transportation in commerce of animals shall require inclusion in such records of such information as the Secretary may require for the administration of this Act.
Directs the Secretary to promulgate standards governing the transportation and care by intermediate handlers, and carriers of animals consigned by any dealer, research facility, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, or a department or agency of the Federal, State, or local governments. Prohibits delivery for transportation or transportation by such persons and entities of dogs, cats, and other animals as may be specified, unless accompanied by a certificate from a veterinarian certifying that the animal is, ten days before delivery, free of infectious disease or physical abnormality which would endanger the animal or the public health. Prohibits transportation of such animals, except to research facilities, unless such animals are above a specified age.
Disallows shipment of animals C.O.D., unless specified charges are guaranteed by the consignor.
Permits the Secretary of Transportation to disapprove, before promulgation, standards for the air transport of animals.
Directs the Secretary to promulgate rules and regulations to permit inspectors to confiscate or destroy in a humane manner any animal found to be suffering as a result of a failure to comply with the Animal Welfare Act. Permits the Secretary to make investigations to determine violations, and imposes a $5,000 fine and/or a one-year imprisonment for specified violations of such Act.
Defines "animal fighting venture" for purposes of such Act.
Authorizes the Secretary to suspend licenses of dealers, exhibitors, or operators of auction sales for violations of this Act. Subjects any dealer, exhibitor, research facility, intermediate handler, carrier, or operator of an auction sale to a civil penalty of $1,000 per violation and to cease and desist orders for violations of such Act or rules or regulations thereunder. Withholds implementation of any such penalty or order pending a hearing. Provides for judicial review of orders of the Secretary under such Act. Subjects dealers, exhibitors, or operators of auction sales to criminal penalties of $1,000 and/or a one-year imprisonment for knowing violations of such Act.
Requires promulgation of regulations relating to intermediate handlers and carriers required under this Act within nine months of enactment, and for compliance with this Act and such regulations within 90 days thereafter.
Makes it unlawful for any person to knowingly sponsor or exhibit an animal in any animal fighting venture to which any animal was moved in interstate commerce; and for any person to knowingly sell, buy, or transport in commerce any dog or other animal for an animal fighting venture. Authorizes appropriations for the enforcement of such provisions relating to animal fighting ventures.
Who voted for it
Every senator of the 94th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 92 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
92 yea0 nay8 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(57)
- Sen. James AbourezkD-SD
- Sen. William ProxmireD-WI
- Sen. Dick ClarkD-IA
- Sen. Gaylord NelsonD-WI
- Sen. Mike MansfieldD-MT
- Sen. George McGovernD-SD
Sen. Joseph BidenD-DE- Sen. Floyd HaskellD-CO
- Sen. Lee MetcalfD-MT
- Sen. John CulverD-IA
- Sen. Gary HartD-CO
Sen. Ted KennedyD-MA- Sen. William HathawayD-ME
- Sen. Rupert HartkeD-IN
Sen. Patrick LeahyD-VT- Sen. Birch BayhD-IN
- Sen. Walter MondaleD-MN
- Sen. Thomas EagletonD-MO
- Sen. Edmund MuskieD-ME
- Sen. Alan CranstonD-CA
- Sen. Fritz HollingsD-SC
- Sen. Hubert HumphreyD-MN
- Sen. Stuart SymingtonD-MO
- Sen. Adlai StevensonD-IL
- Sen. Thomas McIntyreD-NH
- Sen. Dale BumpersD-AR
- Sen. Quentin BurdickD-ND
- Sen. Frank MossD-UT
- Sen. Claiborne PellD-RI
- Sen. Dee HuddlestonD-KY
Sen. Robert ByrdD-WV- Sen. Harrison WilliamsD-NJ
- Sen. John TunneyD-CA
- Sen. Scoop JacksonD-WA
- Sen. Warren MagnusonD-WA
- Sen. Abraham RibicoffD-CT
- Sen. Wendell FordD-KY
- Sen. John PastoreD-RI
- Sen. John GlennD-OH
- Sen. Howard CannonD-NV
Sen. Daniel InouyeD-HI- Sen. Robert MorganD-NC
- Sen. Jennings RandolphD-WV
- Sen. Lawton ChilesD-FL
- Sen. Joseph MontoyaD-NM
- Sen. Dick StoneD-FL
- Sen. Mike GravelD-AK
- Sen. John JohnstonD-LA
- Sen. Samuel NunnD-GA
- Sen. John SparkmanD-AL
- Sen. Gale McGeeD-WY
- Sen. Russell LongD-LA
- Sen. Herman TalmadgeD-GA
- Sen. John StennisD-MS
- Sen. James EastlandD-MS
- Sen. Harry ByrdD-VA
- Sen. James AllenD-AL
Republicans who voted yea(34)
- Sen. Clifford CaseR-NJ
- Sen. Edward BrookeR-MA
- Sen. Richard SchweikerR-PA
- Sen. Jacob JavitsR-NY
- Sen. Robert StaffordR-VT
- Sen. Charles PercyR-IL
- Sen. Mark HatfieldR-OR
- Sen. Lowell WeickerR-CT
- Sen. Hugh ScottR-PA
- Sen. James PearsonR-KS
- Sen. John BeallR-MD
- Sen. Robert PackwoodR-OR
- Sen. Hiram FongR-HI
Sen. Ted StevensR-AK- Sen. Milton YoungR-ND
- Sen. William RothR-DE
Sen. Pete DomeniciR-NM- Sen. Robert DoleR-KS
- Sen. Robert TaftR-OH
- Sen. Robert GriffinR-MI
- Sen. William BrockR-TN
- Sen. Henry BellmonR-OK
- Sen. Strom ThurmondR-SC
- Sen. Dewey BartlettR-OK
- Sen. Roman HruskaR-NE
- Sen. Jake GarnR-UT
- Sen. Paul LaxaltR-NV
- Sen. William ScottR-VA
- Sen. Clifford HansenR-WY
- Sen. John TowerR-TX
- Sen. Carl CurtisR-NE
- Sen. James McClureR-ID
- Sen. Paul FanninR-AZ
- Sen. Jesse HelmsR-NC
Data notes
The Senate’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 742 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. 1 yea vote was cast by members of neither major party and is highlighted on the compass but not listed. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 22 actions.
- Apr 22, 1976Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- PresidentPresident · Public law 94-279.
- Apr 14, 1976PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
- Apr 9, 1976PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in Senate.
- PresidentPresident · Measure enrolled in House.
- Apr 7, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #131 (91-0).Senate roll call 131
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #131 (91-0).Senate roll call 131
- Apr 6, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · House agreed to conference report, roll call #174 (332-31).House roll call 174
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House agreed to conference report, roll call #174 (332-31).House roll call 174
- Mar 30, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in Senate, S. Rept. 94-727.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in Senate, S. Rept. 94-727.
- Mar 29, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 94-976.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 94-976.
- Mar 9, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in House.
- Mar 4, 1976Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in Senate.
- Feb 9, 1976FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, in lieu of H.R. 5808.
- Dec 19, 1975CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Agriculture Committee
- Dec 18, 1975FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended.
- FloorFloor · Measure called up by unanimous consent in Senate.
- CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
- Jun 13, 1975CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.















