Emergency Security Assistance Act
Public Law 93-199 · H.R. 11088 · 93rd Congress · began in the House
Signed by Richard Nixon (R) on Dec 26, 1973 · International Affairs
Sponsor: Rep. Thomas Morgan (D-PA-22)
Cosponsors: None
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 364 yea, 52 nay364–52
- SenateRecorded vote: 66 yea, 9 nay66–9
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
Emergency Security Assistance Act - Authorizes an appropriation to the President of $2,200,000,000 for emergency military assistance or foreign military sales credits to Israel. States that amounts in excess of $1,500,000,000 may be used only if the President: (1) determines it to be important to our national interest that Israel receive assistance exceeding that amount and (2) reports to Congress such determination at least 20 days prior to such expenditure.
Authorizes the release of Israel from its liability for articles and services supplied it for the period October 6, 1973 through June 30, 1974.
Requires the Secretary of Defense to conduct a study of the 1973 Arab-Israeli conflict to ascertain the effectiveness of the foreign military assistance program as it relates to the Middle East Conflict, including weapons that the United States is providing to Israel through foreign assistance programs, and to compare them to the effectiveness of the weapons which the Soviet Union is providing to the Arab States.
Who voted for it
Every House member of the 93rd Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 365 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
365 yea52 nay21 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(209)
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-8- Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-9
- Rep. John MossD-CA-3
- Rep. Elizabeth HoltzmanD-NY-16
- Rep. Bella AbzugD-NY-20
- Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-30
- Rep. Phillip BurtonD-CA-5
- Rep. Herman BadilloD-NY-21
- Rep. Robert EckhardtD-TX-8
- Rep. Bill ClayD-MO-1
- Rep. Gus HawkinsD-CA-21
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-19- Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
- Rep. Shirley ChisholmD-NY-12
- Rep. Jerome WaldieD-CA-14
- Rep. Ralph MetcalfeD-IL-1
- Rep. Andrew YoungD-GA-5
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16- Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
- Rep. William FordD-MI-15
- Rep. Benjamin RosenthalD-NY-8
- Rep. Michael HarringtonD-MA-6
- Rep. Leo RyanD-CA-11
- Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-35
- Rep. Barbara JordanD-TX-18
- Rep. George BrownD-CA-38
- Rep. Cardiss CollinsD-IL-7
- Rep. Frank ThompsonD-NJ-4
- Rep. Robert NixD-PA-2
- Rep. Charles DiggsD-MI-13
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-CA-31
- Rep. James O’HaraD-MI-12
- Rep. Charles CarneyD-OH-19
- Rep. Lucien NedziD-MI-14
- Rep. John SeiberlingD-OH-14
- Rep. Bertram PodellD-NY-13
- Rep. William BarrettD-PA-1
- Rep. John DentD-PA-21
- Rep. Henry HelstoskiD-NJ-9
- Rep. Lloyd MeedsD-WA-2
- Rep. John BrademasD-IN-3
- Rep. James CormanD-CA-22
- Rep. Teno RoncalioD-WY
- Rep. George DanielsonD-CA-29
- Rep. Donald FraserD-MN-5
- Rep. Robert LeggettD-CA-4
- Rep. Jonathan BinghamD-NY-22
- Rep. Robert DrinanD-MA-4
- Rep. William LehmanD-FL-13
- Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-15
- Rep. Robert TiernanD-RI-2
- Rep. Tip O’NeillD-MA-8
- Rep. Wayne HaysD-OH-18
- Rep. Brock AdamsD-WA-7
- Rep. James BurkeD-MA-11
- Rep. Joshua EilbergD-PA-4
- Rep. Julia HansenD-WA-3
- Rep. Henry ReussD-WI-5
- Rep. Paul SarbanesD-MD-3
- Rep. Edward KochD-NY-18
- Rep. Spark MatsunagaD-HI-1
- Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
- Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7- Rep. Thomas ReesD-CA-26
- Rep. Chester HolifieldD-CA-19
- Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
- Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-12
- Rep. Frank DenholmD-SD-1
- Rep. Kenneth GrayD-IL-24
- Rep. John BlatnikD-MN-8
- Rep. William GreenD-PA-3
- Rep. Frank BrascoD-NY-11
- Rep. Jack BrooksD-TX-9
- Rep. Leslie AspinD-WI-1
- Rep. Mike McCormackD-WA-4
- Rep. Richard HannaD-CA-34
- Rep. Sidney YatesD-IL-9
- Rep. Douglas OwensD-UT-2
- Rep. John PatmanD-TX-1
- Rep. Harold JohnsonD-CA-2
- Rep. Ogden ReidD-NY-24
- Rep. Ray MaddenD-IN-1
- Rep. James WrightD-TX-12
- Rep. John McFallD-CA-15
- Rep. Peter RodinoD-NJ-10
- Rep. Claude PepperD-FL-14
- Rep. Fernand St. GermainD-RI-1
- Rep. Edward MezvinskyD-IA-1
- Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
- Rep. Joseph EvinsD-TN-4
- Rep. Peter KyrosD-ME-1
- Rep. Charles VanikD-OH-22
- Rep. Frank AnnunzioD-IL-11
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
- Rep. John MurphyD-NY-17
- Rep. Robert BerglandD-MN-7
- Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
- Rep. Thomas FoleyD-WA-5
- Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
- Rep. Bill AlexanderD-AR-1
- Rep. Morris UdallD-AZ-2
- Rep. Bernice SiskD-CA-16
- Rep. Joseph KarthD-MN-4
- Rep. John KluczynskiD-IL-5
- Rep. Richard FultonD-TN-5
- Rep. Thomas MorganD-PA-22
- Rep. Hugh CareyD-NY-15
- Rep. Gillis LongD-LA-8
- Rep. William MoorheadD-PA-14
- Rep. Mario BiaggiD-NY-10
- Rep. Richard BollingD-MO-5
- Rep. Morgan MurphyD-IL-2
- Rep. Harold DonohueD-MA-3
- Rep. Dominick DanielsD-NJ-14
- Rep. Lionel Van DeerlinD-CA-41
- Rep. Joseph VigoritoD-PA-24
- Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
- Rep. Martha GriffithsD-MI-17
- Rep. Robert MollohanD-WV-1
- Rep. Frederick RooneyD-PA-15
- Rep. Torbert MacdonaldD-MA-7
- Rep. Robert JonesD-AL-5
- Rep. Daniel FloodD-PA-11
- Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
- Rep. Edward PattenD-NJ-15
- Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
- Rep. Robert RoeD-NJ-8
- Rep. Frank EvansD-CO-3
- Rep. Neal SmithD-IA-4
- Rep. James SymingtonD-MO-2
- Rep. John YoungD-TX-14
- Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
- Rep. Daniel RostenkowskiD-IL-8
- Rep. Frank ClarkD-PA-25
- Rep. William CotterD-CT-1
- Rep. Lester WolffD-NY-6
- Rep. John SlackD-WV-3
- Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
- Rep. Robert GiaimoD-CT-3
- Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
- Rep. Thomas AshleyD-OH-9
- Rep. Ella GrassoD-CT-6
- Rep. Kika de la GarzaD-TX-15
- Rep. John CulverD-IA-2
- Rep. Thomas SteedD-OK-4
- Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
- Rep. James HanleyD-NY-32
- Rep. James DelaneyD-NY-9
- Rep. Jerry LittonD-MO-6
- Rep. Koln McKayD-UT-1
- Rep. Ray ThorntonD-AR-4
- Rep. Charles RoseD-NC-7
- Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
- Rep. Clem McSpaddenD-OK-2
- Rep. John RoushD-IN-4
- Rep. Sam GibbonsD-FL-7
- Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
- Rep. Albert UllmanD-OR-2
- Rep. John DavisD-GA-7
- Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
- Rep. Bo GinnD-GA-1
- Rep. John BreckinridgeD-KY-6
- Rep. Mendel DavisD-SC-1
- Rep. Ed JonesD-TN-7
- Rep. Williamson StuckeyD-GA-8
- Rep. William RoyD-KS-2
- Rep. Otis PikeD-NY-1
- Rep. Frank StubblefieldD-KY-1
- Rep. Thaddeus DulskiD-NY-37
- Rep. Robert StephensD-GA-10
- Rep. Lunsford PreyerD-NC-6
- Rep. Ike AndrewsD-NC-4
- Rep. Olin TeagueD-TX-6
- Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
- Rep. James StantonD-OH-20
- Rep. Robert CaseyD-TX-22
- Rep. David HendersonD-NC-3
- Rep. Walter FlowersD-AL-7
- Rep. Walter JonesD-NC-1
- Rep. James JonesD-OK-1
- Rep. Samuel StrattonD-NY-28
- Rep. Bill GunterD-FL-5
- Rep. Thomas GettysD-SC-5
- Rep. Don FuquaD-FL-2
- Rep. George MahonD-TX-19
- Rep. Herbert RobertsD-TX-4
- Rep. William ChappellD-FL-4
- Rep. Otto PassmanD-LA-5
- Rep. Roy TaylorD-NC-11
- Rep. Jamie WhittenD-MS-1
- Rep. William PoageD-TX-11
- Rep. Jack BrinkleyD-GA-3
- Rep. Robert SikesD-FL-1
- Rep. William NicholsD-AL-3
- Rep. William DornD-SC-3
- Rep. Edith GreenD-OR-3
- Rep. Lawrence FountainD-NC-2
- Rep. Paul RogersD-FL-11
- Rep. Marvin MathisD-GA-2
- Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
- Rep. Thomas DowningD-VA-1
- Rep. James MannD-SC-4
- Rep. Dale MilfordD-TX-24
- Rep. Joseph WaggonnerD-LA-4
- Rep. James HaleyD-FL-8
- Rep. Dan DanielD-VA-5
- Rep. John JarmanD-OK-5
- Rep. David SatterfieldD-VA-3
Republicans who voted yea(155)
- Rep. Donald RiegleR-MI-7
- Rep. Charles WhalenR-OH-3
- Rep. Margaret HecklerR-MA-10
- Rep. Gilbert GudeR-MD-8
- Rep. Robert SteeleR-CT-2
- Rep. Peter PeyserR-NY-23
- Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
- Rep. Edward BiesterR-PA-8
- Rep. Paul CroninR-MA-5
- Rep. Mark AndrewsR-ND
- Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
- Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
- Rep. Pete McCloskeyR-CA-17
- Rep. John StantonR-OH-11
- Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-34
- Rep. Ronald SarasinR-CT-5
- Rep. Stewart McKinneyR-CT-4
- Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-26
- Rep. Charles MosherR-OH-13
- Rep. William WidnallR-NJ-7
- Rep. William CohenR-ME-2
- Rep. Bob MathiasR-CA-18
- Rep. Tim CarterR-KY-5
- Rep. Thomas RailsbackR-IL-19
- Rep. Marvin EschR-MI-2
- Rep. Charles SandmanR-NJ-2
- Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
- Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
- Rep. Henry HeinzR-PA-18
- Rep. Donald ClausenR-CA-1
- Rep. Joel PritchardR-WA-1
- Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
- Rep. Donald BrotzmanR-CO-2
- Rep. Elwood HillisR-IN-5
- Rep. Charles ThoneR-NE-1
- Rep. William MailliardR-CA-6
- Rep. Pierre du PontR-DE
- Rep. Joseph MarazitiR-NJ-13
Rep. Don YoungR-AK- Rep. Garner ShriverR-KS-4
- Rep. John AndersonR-IL-16
- Rep. Tennyson GuyerR-OH-4
- Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
- Rep. Lawrence WilliamsR-PA-7
- Rep. Orval HansenR-ID-2
- Rep. Angelo RoncalloR-NY-3
- Rep. Edward MadiganR-IL-21
- Rep. Jerry PettisR-CA-33
- Rep. Vernon ThomsonR-WI-3
- Rep. Lawrence HoganR-MD-5
- Rep. Albert QuieR-MN-1
- Rep. James ClevelandR-NH-2
- Rep. Herbert BurkeR-FL-12
- Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
- Rep. George WhitehurstR-VA-2
- Rep. James HastingsR-NY-39
- Rep. James BroyhillR-NC-10
- Rep. James GroverR-NY-2
- Rep. Bob WilsonR-CA-40
- Rep. Albert JohnsonR-PA-23
- Rep. Manuel LujánR-NM-1
- Rep. Alan SteelmanR-TX-5
- Rep. Edwin EshlemanR-PA-16
- Rep. James HarveyR-MI-8
- Rep. Philip RuppeR-MI-11
- Rep. Louis FreyR-FL-9
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16- Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
- Rep. John BuchananR-AL-6
- Rep. Dan KuykendallR-TN-8
- Rep. Samuel YoungR-IL-10
- Rep. Joel BroyhillR-VA-10
- Rep. David TowellR-NV
- Rep. Burt TalcottR-CA-12
- Rep. Edwin ForsytheR-NJ-6
- Rep. Jack EdwardsR-AL-1
- Rep. John DuncanR-TN-2
- Rep. Charles GubserR-CA-10
- Rep. Vinegar Bend MizellR-NC-5
- Rep. William BroomfieldR-MI-19
- Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
- Rep. Victor VeyseyR-CA-43
- Rep. Elford CederbergR-MI-10
- Rep. Louis WymanR-NH-1
- Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
- Rep. Robert BaumanR-MD-1
- Rep. William BrayR-IN-6
- Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
- Rep. Charles ChamberlainR-MI-6
- Rep. John McCollisterR-NE-2
- Rep. Robert PriceR-TX-13
- Rep. Stanford ParrisR-VA-8
- Rep. Clarence BrownR-OH-7
- Rep. Henry SmithR-NY-36
- Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
- Rep. William KeatingR-OH-1
- Rep. Roger ZionR-IN-8
- Rep. Marjorie HoltR-MD-4
- Rep. Richard MallaryR-VT
- Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
- Rep. Charles TeagueR-CA-13
- Rep. Howard RobisonR-NY-27
- Rep. William MinshallR-OH-23
- Rep. Robert HanrahanR-IL-3
- Rep. Edward DerwinskiR-IL-4
- Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
- Rep. Robert McCloryR-IL-13
- Rep. Manley ButlerR-VA-6
- Rep. Alphonzo BellR-CA-28
- Rep. Andrew HinshawR-CA-39
- Rep. Robert DanielR-VA-4
- Rep. Keith SebeliusR-KS-1
- Rep. Harold FroehlichR-WI-8
- Rep. Clair BurgenerR-CA-42
- Rep. Earl RuthR-NC-8
- Rep. Garry BrownR-MI-3
- Rep. Robert McEwenR-NY-30
- Rep. Wiley MayneR-IA-6
- Rep. Carleton KingR-NY-29
- Rep. William DickinsonR-AL-2
- Rep. William HudnutR-IN-11
- Rep. Ancher NelsenR-MN-2
- Rep. Edward YoungR-SC-6
- Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
- Rep. John WydlerR-NY-5
- Rep. John WareR-PA-5
- Rep. James MartinR-NC-9
- Rep. William SteigerR-WI-6
- Rep. Leslie ArendsR-IL-15
- Rep. Peter FrelinghuysenR-NJ-5
- Rep. Barry GoldwaterR-CA-27
- Rep. James RobinsonR-VA-7
- Rep. Skip BafalisR-FL-10
- Rep. Robin BeardR-TN-6
- Rep. Donald ClancyR-OH-2
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6- Rep. David TreenR-LA-3
- Rep. William ArmstrongR-CO-5
- Rep. Edward HutchinsonR-MI-4
- Rep. Barber ConableR-NY-35
- Rep. Herman SchneebeliR-PA-17
- Rep. Charles WigginsR-CA-25
- Rep. Benjamin BlackburnR-GA-4
- Rep. Craig HosmerR-CA-32
- Rep. Robert MichelR-IL-18
- Rep. Sam SteigerR-AZ-3
- Rep. Robert HuberR-MI-18
- Rep. Glenn DavisR-WI-9
- Rep. Delwin ClawsonR-CA-23
- Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
- Rep. Samuel DevineR-OH-12
- Rep. John ConlanR-AZ-4
- Rep. John AshbrookR-OH-17
- Rep. James CollinsR-TX-3
- Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-12
Data notes
The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 477 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. 1 yea vote was cast by members of neither major party and is highlighted on the compass but not listed. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 10 actions.
- Dec 26, 1973Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- PresidentPresident · Public law 93-199.
- Dec 22, 1973PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
- Dec 20, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, roll call #611 (66-9).Senate roll call 611
- Dec 19, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Foreign Relations Committee
- Dec 12, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Foreign Relations Committee
- Dec 11, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #647 (364-52).House roll call 647
- Dec 6, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Foreign Affairs Committee
- Oct 24, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Foreign Affairs Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.