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Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act

Official title: An Act to amend section 28 of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, and to authorize a trans-Alaska oil pipeline, and for other purposes.

Public Law 93-153 · S. 1081 · 93rd Congress · began in the Senate

Signed by Richard Nixon (R) on Nov 16, 1973 · Public Lands and Natural Resources

Major law

Sponsor: Sen. Scoop Jackson (D-WA)

Cosponsors: None

Passage votesYeaNay

  • HouseRecorded vote: 361 yea, 14 nay361–14
  • SenateRecorded vote: 80 yea, 5 nay80–5
Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

=Title I:= Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior or appropriate agency head to grant rights of way for pipeline purposes for the transportation of petroleum products.

Limits the width of a right-of-way through the public lands for pipelines to fifty feet plus the ground occupied by the pipeline, unless the Secretary of the Interior finds that in limited areas right-of-way is reasonably necessary for operation and maintenance after construction, or to protect the environment or public safety.

Requires the Secretary to issue regulations applicable to pipeline rights-of-way and permits which shall provide for protection of the environment.

States that abandonment of a right-of-way or noncompliance with provisions of this Act may be grounds for suspension or termination of a right-of-way.

Requires pipelines to be operated as common carriers.

Subjects crude oil transported by pipeline to export limitations.

Requires the Secretary to notify the House and Senate Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs promptly upon receipt of an application for a right-of-way pipeline twenty-four inches or more in diameter. States that no right-of-way for such pipeline shall be granted until sixty days after a notice of intention to grant the right-of-way has been submitted to House and Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committees, unless each committee by resolution waives the waiting period.

States that the grant of a right-of-way or permit shall not grant immunity from the antitrust laws.

=Title II: Trans-Alaskan Pipeline Authorization Act= - Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to grant, in accordance with the provisions of this Act and without further action under the National Environmental Policy Act, such rights-of-way and permits as he deems necessary for the construction, operation, and maintenance of a trans-Alaskan oil pipeline.

Provides that except when the holder of the pipeline right-of-way granted pursuant to this title can prove that damages in connection with or resulting from activities along or in the vicinity of the proposed trans-Alaskan pipeline right-of-way were caused by an act of war or negligence of the United States, other government entity, or the damaged party, such holder shall be strictly liable to all damaged parties, public or private, without regard to fault for such damages, and without regard to ownership of any affected lands, structures, fish, wildlife, or biotic or other natural resources relied upon by Alaska Natives, Native organizations, or others for subsistence or economic purposes.

States that, if oil that has been transported through the trans-Alaska pipeline is loaded on a vessel at the terminal facilities of the pipeline, the owner and operator of the vessel (jointly and severally) and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Liability Fund established by this Act shall be strictly liable without regard to fault in accordance with the provisions of this subsection for all damages, including clean-up costs, sustained by any person or entity, public or private, including residents of Canada, as the result of discharges of oil from such vessel.

=Title III: Negotiations with Canada= - Authorizes the President to enter into negotiations with the Government of Canada to determine the terms and conditions under which pipelines or other transportation systems could be constructed across Canadian territory for the transport of oil and gas from Alaska's north slope to markets in the United States.

Directs the Secretary of the Interior to investigate the feasibility of one or more oil or gas pipelines from the North Slope of Alaska to connect with a pipeline through Canada that will deliver oil or gas to United States markets.

=Title IV: Miscellaneous= - Provides that in view of the delay in construction of a pipeline to transport North Slope crude oil, the sum of $5,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated from the United States Treasury into the Alaska Native Fund every six months of each fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, as advance payments chargeable against the revenues to be paid under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, until such time as the delivery of North Slope crude oil to a pipeline is commenced.

States that it is the purpose of this Act to grant the Federal Trade Commission the requisite authority to insure prompt enforcement of the laws the Commission administers by granting statutory authority to directly enforce subpenas issued by the Commission and to seek preliminary injunctive relief to avoid unfair competitive practices.

Provides the Commission power to initiate, prosecute, defend, or appeal any court action in the name of the Commission for the purpose of enforcing the laws subject to its jurisdiction through its own legal representative, after formally notifying and consulting with and giving the Attorney General 10 days to take the action proposed by the Commission.

Directs the Comptroller General of the United States to review the collection of information required by independent Federal regulatory agencies to assure that information required by such agencies is obtained with a minimum burden upon business enterprises, especially small business enterprises, and other persons required to furnish the information.

Directs the Comptroller General to review all existing information gathering practices of independent regulatory agencies as well as requests for additional information with a view toward: (1) avoiding duplication of effort by independent regulatory agencies, and (2) minimizing the compliance burden on business enterprises and other persons.

Directs the President to use any authority he may have to insure an equitable allocation of available North Slope and other crude oil resources and petroleum products among all regions and all of the several States.

Who voted for it

Every senator of the 93rd Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 89 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

89 yea6 nay5 present or did not vote

Dimension 2
Economic left–right
More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(49)

  • Sen. James AbourezkD-SD
  • Sen. Mike MansfieldD-MT
  • Sen. George McGovernD-SD
  • Sen. Lee MetcalfD-MT
  • Sen. Frank ChurchD-ID
  • Sen. William HathawayD-ME
  • Sen. Philip HartD-MI
  • Sen. Ted KennedyD-MA
  • Sen. Rupert HartkeD-IN
  • Sen. James FulbrightD-AR
  • Sen. Floyd HaskellD-CO
  • Sen. Walter MondaleD-MN
  • Sen. Thomas EagletonD-MO
  • Sen. Quentin BurdickD-ND
  • Sen. Stuart SymingtonD-MO
  • Sen. Adlai StevensonD-IL
  • Sen. Edmund MuskieD-ME
  • Sen. Alan CranstonD-CA
  • Sen. Harrison WilliamsD-NJ
  • Sen. Frank MossD-UT
  • Sen. Abraham RibicoffD-CT
  • Sen. Hubert HumphreyD-MN
  • Sen. Claiborne PellD-RI
  • Sen. Mike GravelD-AK
  • Sen. Warren MagnusonD-WA
  • Sen. Lawton ChilesD-FL
  • Sen. Robert ByrdD-WV
  • Sen. Joseph MontoyaD-NM
  • Sen. John TunneyD-CA
  • Sen. John PastoreD-RI
  • Sen. Alan BibleD-NV
  • Sen. Jennings RandolphD-WV
  • Sen. Thomas McIntyreD-NH
  • Sen. Daniel InouyeD-HI
  • Sen. Fritz HollingsD-SC
  • Sen. Howard CannonD-NV
  • Sen. Scoop JacksonD-WA
  • Sen. Russell LongD-LA
  • Sen. Lloyd BentsenD-TX
  • Sen. John JohnstonD-LA
  • Sen. Gale McGeeD-WY
  • Sen. Samuel NunnD-GA
  • Sen. Herman TalmadgeD-GA
  • Sen. Samuel ErvinD-NC
  • Sen. John SparkmanD-AL
  • Sen. John McClellanD-AR
  • Sen. James AllenD-AL
  • Sen. James EastlandD-MS
  • Sen. Harry ByrdD-VA

Republicans who voted yea(40)

  • Sen. Clifford CaseR-NJ
  • Sen. Richard SchweikerR-PA
  • Sen. Jacob JavitsR-NY
  • Sen. Charles MathiasR-MD
  • Sen. Mark HatfieldR-OR
  • Sen. Robert StaffordR-VT
  • Sen. James PearsonR-KS
  • Sen. Charles PercyR-IL
  • Sen. Lowell WeickerR-CT
  • Sen. Robert PackwoodR-OR
  • Sen. Milton YoungR-ND
  • Sen. George AikenR-VT
  • Sen. Ted StevensR-AK
  • Sen. Marlow CookR-KY
  • Sen. John BeallR-MD
  • Sen. Hugh ScottR-PA
  • Sen. Pete DomeniciR-NM
  • Sen. Hiram FongR-HI
  • Sen. Robert DoleR-KS
  • Sen. Edward GurneyR-FL
  • Sen. Howard BakerR-TN
  • Sen. Robert TaftR-OH
  • Sen. William RothR-DE
  • Sen. Peter DominickR-CO
  • Sen. Henry BellmonR-OK
  • Sen. Robert GriffinR-MI
  • Sen. William BrockR-TN
  • Sen. James McClureR-ID
  • Sen. Strom ThurmondR-SC
  • Sen. Norris CottonR-NH
  • Sen. Dewey BartlettR-OK
  • Sen. Roman HruskaR-NE
  • Sen. William ScottR-VA
  • Sen. John TowerR-TX
  • Sen. Carl CurtisR-NE
  • Sen. Clifford HansenR-WY
  • Sen. Wallace BennettR-UT
  • Sen. Paul FanninR-AZ
  • Sen. Jesse HelmsR-NC
  • Sen. Barry GoldwaterR-AZ
Data notes

The Senate’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 463 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 20 actions.

  1. Nov 16, 1973Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
  2. PresidentPresident · Public law 93-153.
  3. Nov 14, 1973PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
  4. Nov 13, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #479 (80-5).Senate roll call 479
  5. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report, roll call #479 (80-5).Senate roll call 479
  6. Nov 12, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · House agreed to conference report, roll call #575 (361-14).House roll call 575
  7. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House agreed to conference report, roll call #575 (361-14).House roll call 575
  8. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Motion to recommit Conference report to the Committee of Conference rejected in House, roll call #574 (162-213).House roll call 574
  9. Nov 7, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 93-624.
  10. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 93-624.
  11. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference Report recommitted for further consideration by Committee of Conference.
  12. Oct 31, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 93-617.
  13. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 93-617.
  14. Sep 12, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in House.
  15. Sep 5, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in Senate.
  16. Aug 2, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, in lieu of H.R. 9130.
  17. Jul 17, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended, roll call #298 (77-20).Senate roll call 298
  18. Jun 12, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
  19. Mar 1, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee
  20. IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate
Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.