Plain Writing Act of 2010
Public Law 111-274 · H.R. 946 · 111th Congress · began in the House
Signed by Barack Obama (D) on Oct 13, 2010 · Government Operations and Politics
Sponsor: Rep. Bruce Braley (D-IA-1)
Cosponsors (10): Rep. Dan Burton, Rep. Virginia Foxx,
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 341 yea, 82 nay341–82
- SenateUnanimous consent
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
Plain Writing Act of 2010 - Requires the head of each executive agency to: (1) designate one or more senior officials within the agency to oversee the agency's implementation of this Act; (2) communicate this Act's requirements to the agency's employees; (3) train agency employees in "plain writing" (defined as writing that is clear, concise, well-organized, and follows other best practices appropriate to the subject or field and intended audience); (4) establish a process for overseeing the agency's ongoing compliance with this Act's requirements; (5) create and maintain a plain writing section of the agency's website that shall inform the public of agency compliance with the requirements of this Act, provide a mechanism for the agency to receive and respond to public input on agency implementation and agency reports required under this Act, and be accessible from its homepage; and (6) designate one or more agency points-of-contact to receive and respond to public input on the implementation of this Act.
Requires each agency, by one year after enactment, to use plain writing in every covered document of the agency that the agency issues or substantially revises. Defines "covered document" to: (1) mean any document that is necessary for obtaining any federal benefit or service or filing taxes, that provides information about any federal benefit or service, or that explains to the public how to comply with a requirement the federal government administers or enforces; (2) include (whether in paper or electronic form) a letter, publication, form, notice, or instruction; and (3) exclude a regulation.
Requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), by six months after enactment, to develop and issue guidance on implementing the requirements of this Act. Authorizes the Director to designate a lead agency and to use interagency working groups to assist in developing and issuing the guidance. Sets forth provisions regarding: (1) an interim guidance; (2) initial and annual compliance reports; and (3) judicial review and enforceability.
Requires the budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, to be determined by reference to the latest statement titled "Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation" for this Act, submitted for printing in the Congressional Record by the Chairman of the House Budget Committee, provided that such statement has been submitted prior to the vote on passage.
Who voted for it
Every House member of the 111th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 341 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
341 yea82 nay9 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(249)
Rep. Barbara LeeD-CA-9
Rep. Lynn WoolseyD-CA-6
Rep. Jim McDermottD-WA-7
Rep. Maurice HincheyD-NY-22
Rep. Gwen MooreD-WI-4
Rep. Donna EdwardsD-MD-4
Rep. Maxine WatersD-CA-35
Rep. Marcia FudgeD-OH-11
Rep. Raúl GrijalvaD-AZ-7
Rep. Yvette ClarkeD-NY-11
Rep. John OlverD-MA-1
Rep. Tammy BaldwinD-WI-2
Rep. Bob FilnerD-CA-51
Rep. Diane WatsonD-CA-33
Rep. John ConyersD-MI-14
Rep. Jim ClyburnD-SC-6
Rep. Keith EllisonD-MN-5
Rep. Eddie JohnsonD-TX-30
Rep. Mazie HironoD-HI-2
Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10
Rep. John LewisD-GA-5
Rep. Mike HondaD-CA-15
Rep. Jim McGovernD-MA-3
Rep. Barney FrankD-MA-4
Rep. José SerranoD-NY-16
Rep. Linda SánchezD-CA-39
Rep. Nydia VelázquezD-NY-12
Rep. Jan SchakowskyD-IL-9
Rep. Ed TownsD-NY-10
Rep. Mel WattD-NC-12
Rep. Xavier BecerraD-CA-31
Rep. Jerrold NadlerD-NY-8
Rep. Lucille Roybal-AllardD-CA-34
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-13
Rep. Sheila Jackson LeeD-TX-18
Rep. Carolyn KilpatrickD-MI-13
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-30
Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-28
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Judy ChuD-CA-32
Rep. Rush HoltD-NJ-12
Rep. Alcee HastingsD-FL-23
Rep. Jesse JacksonD-IL-2
Rep. Sam FarrD-CA-17
Rep. Grace NapolitanoD-CA-38
Rep. Michael DoyleD-PA-14
Rep. Bennie ThompsonD-MS-2
Rep. Earl BlumenauerD-OR-3
Rep. David PriceD-NC-4
Rep. Michael CapuanoD-MA-8
Rep. Niki TsongasD-MA-5
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
Rep. Chellie PingreeD-ME-1
Rep. Doris MatsuiD-CA-5
Rep. Robert BradyD-PA-1
Rep. Chaka FattahD-PA-2
Rep. John GaramendiD-CA-10
Rep. André CarsonD-IN-7
Rep. Danny DavisD-IL-7
Rep. Peter WelchD-VT
Rep. Lois CappsD-CA-23
Rep. John LarsonD-CT-1
Rep. Joe CrowleyD-NY-7
Rep. John TierneyD-MA-6
Rep. Emanuel CleaverD-MO-5
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-15
Rep. Wm. ClayD-MO-1
Rep. Zoe LofgrenD-CA-16
Rep. Luis GutiérrezD-IL-4
Rep. Patrick KennedyD-RI-1
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
Rep. John DingellD-MI-15
Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3
Rep. Betty McCollumD-MN-4
Rep. Howard BermanD-CA-28
Rep. Eliot EngelD-NY-17
Rep. G.K. ButterfieldD-NC-1
Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-6
Rep. Elijah CummingsD-MD-7
Rep. Kathy CastorD-FL-11
Rep. Steve CohenD-TN-9
Rep. Corrine BrownD-FL-3
Rep. Jim MoranD-VA-8
Rep. Richard NealD-MA-2
Rep. Diana DeGetteD-CO-1
Rep. Ed PastorD-AZ-4
Rep. Hank JohnsonD-GA-4
Rep. Al GreenD-TX-9
Rep. Bobby ScottD-VA-3
Rep. Phil HareD-IL-17
Rep. Debbie Wasserman SchultzD-FL-20
Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
Rep. Anna EshooD-CA-14
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-3
Rep. Albio SiresD-NJ-13
Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-12
Rep. Betty SuttonD-OH-13
Rep. Steven RothmanD-NJ-9
Rep. Jackie SpeierD-CA-12
Rep. Gregory MeeksD-NY-6
Rep. John SarbanesD-MD-3
Rep. Chris Van HollenD-MD-8
Rep. Silvestre ReyesD-TX-16
Rep. Tim RyanD-OH-17
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-5
Rep. Gary AckermanD-NY-5
Rep. Paul TonkoD-NY-21
Rep. Anthony WeinerD-NY-9
Rep. Bruce BraleyD-IA-1
Rep. Ben LujánD-NM-3
Rep. Rubén HinojosaD-TX-15
Rep. David ScottD-GA-13
Rep. Nita LoweyD-NY-18
Rep. Brad MillerD-NC-13
Rep. Charlie GonzalezD-TX-20
Rep. Susan DavisD-CA-53
Rep. Adam SchiffD-CA-29
Rep. Gene GreenD-TX-29
Rep. Rick LarsenD-WA-2
Rep. Bill PascrellD-NJ-8
Rep. Joe BacaD-CA-43
Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Jim LangevinD-RI-2
Rep. Jared PolisD-CO-2
Rep. Carolyn MaloneyD-NY-14
Rep. Steve IsraelD-NY-2
Rep. Steve KagenD-WI-8
Rep. Laura RichardsonD-CA-37
Rep. Ted DeutchD-FL-19
Rep. Bobby RushD-IL-1
Rep. Solomon OrtizD-TX-27
Rep. Brian HigginsD-NY-27
Rep. John YarmuthD-KY-3
Rep. Jay InsleeD-WA-1
Rep. Ed PerlmutterD-CO-7
Rep. Jane HarmanD-CA-36
Rep. Stephen LynchD-MA-9
Rep. Joe CourtneyD-CT-2
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. Bart StupakD-MI-1
Rep. Mike ThompsonD-CA-1
Rep. Alan GraysonD-FL-8
Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
Rep. Charles WilsonD-OH-6
Rep. Russ CarnahanD-MO-3
Rep. Sanford BishopD-GA-2
Rep. Shelley BerkleyD-NV-1
Rep. A. Dutch RuppersbergerD-MD-2
Rep. Allyson SchwartzD-PA-13
Rep. Loretta SanchezD-CA-47
Rep. Kendrick MeekD-FL-17
Rep. Paul KanjorskiD-PA-11
Rep. Carol Shea-PorterD-NH-1
Rep. Christopher MurphyD-CT-5
Rep. John HallD-NY-19
Rep. Carolyn McCarthyD-NY-4
Rep. Lloyd DoggettD-TX-25
Rep. David WuD-OR-1
Rep. Mary Jo KilroyD-OH-15
Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1
Rep. Ciro RodriguezD-TX-23
Rep. David LoebsackD-IA-2
Rep. Mike QuigleyD-IL-5
Rep. Peter DeFazioD-OR-4
Rep. Marion BerryD-AR-1
Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-12
Rep. Leonard BoswellD-IA-3
Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6
Rep. Vic SnyderD-AR-2
Rep. Gerald ConnollyD-VA-11
Rep. John SalazarD-CO-3
Rep. Earl PomeroyD-ND
Rep. Bob EtheridgeD-NC-2
Rep. Joe SestakD-PA-7
Rep. Mark CritzD-PA-12
Rep. Timothy BishopD-NY-1
Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
Rep. Timothy WalzD-MN-1
Rep. Ron KleinD-FL-22
Rep. Dennis MooreD-KS-3
Rep. Kurt SchraderD-OR-5
Rep. Martin HeinrichD-NM-1
Rep. Tim HoldenD-PA-17
Rep. Adam SmithD-WA-9
Rep. Patrick MurphyD-PA-8
Rep. Dennis CardozaD-CA-18
Rep. Daniel LipinskiD-IL-3
Rep. Larry KissellD-NC-8
Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9
Rep. Ben ChandlerD-KY-6
Rep. Daniel MaffeiD-NY-25
Rep. Dina TitusD-NV-3
Rep. Chet EdwardsD-TX-17
Rep. Henry CuellarD-TX-28
Rep. Mark SchauerD-MI-7
Rep. Michael MichaudD-ME-2
Rep. Ron KindD-WI-3
Rep. Artur DavisD-AL-7
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. John TannerD-TN-8
Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7
Rep. Mike RossD-AR-4
Rep. Paul HodesD-NH-2
Rep. Jim CostaD-CA-20
Rep. Allen BoydD-FL-2
Rep. Jim HimesD-CT-4
Rep. Jerry McNerneyD-CA-11
Rep. Betsy MarkeyD-CO-4
Rep. William OwensD-NY-23
Rep. Brian BairdD-WA-3
Rep. John BarrowD-GA-12
Rep. Steve DriehausD-OH-1
Rep. Deborah HalvorsonD-IL-11
Rep. John BoccieriD-OH-16
Rep. Gary PetersD-MI-9
Rep. Kathleen DahlkemperD-PA-3
Rep. Melissa BeanD-IL-8
Rep. Bill FosterD-IL-14
Rep. Jim CooperD-TN-5
Rep. Jim MathesonD-UT-2
Rep. Michael ArcuriD-NY-24
Rep. Suzanne KosmasD-FL-24
Rep. Zack SpaceD-OH-18
Rep. Michael McMahonD-NY-13
Rep. Christopher CarneyD-PA-10
Rep. Harry TeagueD-NM-2
Rep. Stephanie Herseth SandlinD-SD
Rep. Charles MelanconD-LA-3
Rep. Jim MarshallD-GA-8
Rep. Jason AltmireD-PA-4
Rep. Thomas PerrielloD-VA-5
Rep. Dan BorenD-OK-2
Rep. Mike McIntyreD-NC-7
Rep. John AdlerD-NJ-3
Rep. Scott MurphyD-NY-20
Rep. Brad EllsworthD-IN-8
Rep. Joe DonnellyD-IN-2
Rep. Gabrielle GiffordsD-AZ-8
Rep. Ann KirkpatrickD-AZ-1
Rep. Baron HillD-IN-9
Rep. Frank KratovilD-MD-1
Rep. Heath ShulerD-NC-11
Rep. Glenn NyeD-VA-2
Rep. Travis ChildersD-MS-1
Rep. Harry MitchellD-AZ-5
Rep. Gene TaylorD-MS-4
Rep. Walter MinnickD-ID-1
Republicans who voted yea(92)
Rep. Joseph CaoR-LA-2
Rep. Tim MurphyR-PA-18
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
Rep. David ReichertR-WA-8- Rep. Charles DjouR-HI-1
Rep. Frank LoBiondoR-NJ-2
Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-BalartR-FL-21
Rep. Michael TurnerR-OH-3
Rep. Mario Diaz-BalartR-FL-25
Rep. Charles DentR-PA-15
Rep. Pete KingR-NY-3
Rep. Jim GerlachR-PA-6
Rep. Shelley CapitoR-WV-2
Rep. Todd PlattsR-PA-19
Rep. Michael CastleR-DE
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
Rep. Jo Ann EmersonR-MO-8
Rep. Mark KirkR-IL-10
Rep. Tom LathamR-IA-4
Rep. Candice MillerR-MI-10
Rep. Mike RogersR-AL-3
Rep. Vern BuchananR-FL-13
Rep. Leonard LanceR-NJ-7
Rep. Ander CrenshawR-FL-4
Rep. Hal RogersR-KY-5
Rep. Vernon EhlersR-MI-3
Rep. Jeff FortenberryR-NE-1
Rep. Tom ColeR-OK-4
Rep. Adam PutnamR-FL-12
Rep. Christopher LeeR-NY-26
Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-6
Rep. Glenn ThompsonR-PA-5
Rep. Brett GuthrieR-KY-2
Rep. Denny RehbergR-MT
Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21
Rep. Aaron SchockR-IL-18
Rep. Jo BonnerR-AL-1
Rep. Ginny Brown-WaiteR-FL-5
Rep. Dave CampR-MI-4
Rep. Rodney AlexanderR-LA-5
Rep. Henry BrownR-SC-1
Rep. Spencer BachusR-AL-6
Rep. Frank LucasR-OK-3
Rep. Brian BilbrayR-CA-50
Rep. Greg WaldenR-OR-2
Rep. Mary Bono MackR-CA-45
Rep. Robert WittmanR-VA-1
Rep. Buck McKeonR-CA-25
Rep. Elton GalleglyR-CA-24
Rep. Parker GriffithD-AL-5
Rep. Bill PoseyR-FL-15
Rep. Thad McCotterR-MI-11
Rep. Timothy JohnsonR-IL-15
Rep. Erik PaulsenR-MN-3
Rep. John MicaR-FL-7
Rep. Lee TerryR-NE-2
Rep. Geoff DavisR-KY-4
Rep. Randy ForbesR-VA-4
Rep. Mike RogersR-MI-8
Rep. Pat TiberiR-OH-12
Rep. Steve AustriaR-OH-7
Rep. Ralph HallR-TX-4
Rep. Gregg HarperR-MS-3
Rep. John BoozmanR-AR-3
Rep. Cathy McMorris RodgersR-WA-5
Rep. Zach WampR-TN-3
Rep. Michael McCaulR-TX-10
Rep. John ShimkusR-IL-19
Rep. Joe BartonR-TX-6
Rep. Blaine LuetkemeyerR-MO-9
Rep. Phil RoeR-TN-1
Rep. Dean HellerR-NV-2
Rep. Jean SchmidtR-OH-2
Rep. John FlemingR-LA-4
Rep. Charles BoustanyR-LA-7
Rep. Jerry MoranR-KS-1
Rep. Joe WilsonR-SC-2
Rep. Lynn JenkinsR-KS-2
Rep. John KlineR-MN-2
Rep. Phil GingreyR-GA-11
Rep. Bob GoodlatteR-VA-6
Rep. Dan BurtonR-IN-5
Rep. Mike CoffmanR-CO-6
Rep. Michele BachmannR-MN-6
Rep. Paul RyanR-WI-1
Rep. Jeff MillerR-FL-1
Rep. Pete SessionsR-TX-32
Rep. Marsha BlackburnR-TN-7
Rep. J. Gresham BarrettR-SC-3
Rep. John LinderR-GA-7
Rep. Virginia FoxxR-NC-5
Data notes
The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 1545 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Related bills
1 bill the Library of Congress relates to this one.
S. 574Related bill
Plain Writing Act of 2009
Data notes
Related bills are identified by the Congressional Research Service, the House and the Senate: companion and identical bills, bills with similar text, bills that were folded into this law, and rules that brought it to the floor. A bill that is itself a public law in this site’s data links here; the others link to Congress.gov.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 28 actions.
- Oct 13, 2010Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 111-274.
- Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- Oct 1, 2010FloorFloor · Presented to President.
- Sep 29, 2010Resolving differencesResolving differences · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · On motion that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 341 - 82 (Roll no. 562).House roll call 562
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Mr. Clay moved that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendments.
- FloorFloor · Considered as unfinished business.
- FloorFloor · DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on the motion to suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendments to H.R. 946.
- OtherOther · Cleared for White House.
- OtherOther · Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 341 - 82 (Roll no. 562).House roll call 562
- Sep 28, 2010FloorFloor · Message on Senate action sent to the House.
- Sep 27, 2010FloorFloor · Passed Senate with amendments by Unanimous Consent.
- FloorFloor · Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent.
- Mar 18, 2010CalendarCalendar · Received in the Senate. Read twice. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 321.
- Mar 17, 2010FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 386 - 33 (Roll no. 126).House roll call 126
- FloorFloor · Considered as unfinished business.
- FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
- FloorFloor · DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 946.
- FloorFloor · Considered under suspension of the rules.
- FloorFloor · Mr. Clay moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
- Mar 11, 2010CalendarCalendar · Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 248.
- CommitteeCommittee · Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Oversight and Government. H. Rept. 111-432.
- Mar 4, 2010CommitteeCommittee · Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by Voice Vote.
- CommitteeCommittee · Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held.
- Feb 10, 2009CommitteeCommittee · Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in House
Data notes
Every action the Library of Congress lists for the bill, from introduction to signing, plus the dated committee hearings. The source lists many steps twice (the chamber’s own entry and the Library of Congress copy, or a presidential and a became-law entry with the same words); those are shown once. Amendments are listed in their own section.
Amendments
2 amendments offered to the bill, with the last recorded step of each.
- Agreed to
S.Amdt. 4663SenateSen. Daniel AkakaD-HI· offered Sep 27, 2010Agreed to
To modify the definition of plain writing, and for other purposes.
Sep 27, 2010: Amendment SA 4663 agreed to in Senate by Unanimous Consent.
- Offered, no vote recorded
S.Amdt. 4653SenateSen. Daniel AkakaD-HI· offered Sep 21, 2010No vote recorded
Sep 21, 2010: Senate amendment submitted
Data notes
Amendments offered to this bill in either chamber, as the Library of Congress records them: each with a status read from its last recorded step: agreed to, rejected, withdrawn, ruled out of order, fell with another amendment, or offered with no vote recorded (most Senate amendments are only ever offered). The wording of each amendment is the source’s. Amendments to amendments and amendments to other bills are not listed.
Official record
The bill’s full text is on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.