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Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania

In a dispute over new rules exempting groups with religious or moral objections from the ACA's contraceptive mandate, the Court ruled the rules were valid, as the departments had authority to issue them and the process did not violate the APA.· AI-written

140 S. Ct. 2367 · No. 19-431 · 2019 term · Roberts Court

Decided Jul 8, 2020 · argued May 6, 2020

Judicial power · Judicial review of administrative agency's or administrative official's actions and procedures

Majority opinion: Clarence Thomas

The voteMajorityDissent

7–27 in the majority, 2 in dissent

2 dissents (7–2)

Reversed and remanded. Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home won.

What this ruling means

Reversed and remanded: the Supreme Court overturned the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit and sent the case back to that court for further proceedings that follow the Supreme Court’s ruling.

Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home was the petitioner, the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the case. “Won” means the Court gave that side the result it asked for.

From the Supreme Court Database. A justice who agreed with the result but not the reasoning counts in the majority.

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Summary

The opening of the case’s Wikipedia article: what the case was about and what the Court held.

Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania, 591 U.S. 657 (2020), was a United States Supreme Court case involving ongoing conflicts between the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) over the ACA's contraceptive mandate. The ACA exempts nonprofit religious organizations from complying with the mandate, to which for-profit religious organizations objected.

The case is a result of prior court actions in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., in 2014, and Zubik v. Burwell, in 2016, which left the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to promulgate new regulations on the mandate. President Donald Trump issued an Executive Order to the HHS to bypass the traditional regulatory process, leading HHS to devise new rules in late 2017 to give for-profit groups exemptions for religious or moral objections to the mandate. Several states sued the federal government, and multiple Circuit Courts placed injunctions on the new rules as arbitrary and capricious and required by neither the ACA or the RFRA, violating the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). This case was a consolidation of two appeals from the injunction placed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. The Supreme Court ruled on July 8, 2020, in a 7–2 decision that the new rules were valid, as the associated departments had the authority to promulgate the exemptions, and that the process to put the rules in place did not violate the APA.

Read the full article on Wikipedia

Data notes

The text is Wikipedia’s (CC BY-SA 4.0), matched to the case by its citation, docket number or name and year, and is not checked against the opinion. The site keeps the article’s opening section, ending on its last full sentence. The one-sentence summary under the title is the Decisions list’s: Wikipedia’s own ruling sentence, or, tagged “AI-written”, one Claude wrote from this opening.

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How the justices voted

Each justice who took part, placed by their Martin–Quinn ideology score for the 2019 term. Filled: the 7 in the majority. Hollow: the 2 in dissent. Colour is the party of the president who appointed them.

More liberalMore conservativeMedianSotomayorGinsburgBreyerKaganJ. RobertsKavanaughGorsuchAlitoThomas

Majority(7)

Dissent(2)

Data notes

Each justice’s vote and what they wrote are from the justice-centered file of the Supreme Court Database. “Wrote a concurrence” means the justice sided with the majority and wrote separately; a justice who dissented in part is counted on the side they took overall. A justice who wrote nothing is listed as joining their side.

Positions are each justice’s Martin–Quinn score for the case’s term, the same scores as the Ideology page: negative is more liberal, positive more conservative. A score sums up a justice’s votes across the whole term, so it says where they usually sit, not why they voted as they did here. The median line is the Court’s median justice that term.

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The parties

Who brought the case to the Court, who answered it, and how it got there.

Petitioner
Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul HomeReligious organization, institution, or person
Respondent
PennsylvaniaState (Pennsylvania)
Reached the Court by
Certiorari (the Court chose to hear it)
Data notes

The names are the two sides of the case’s title. The description under each is the Supreme Court Database’s category for that party, in its own wording. The petitioner is the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the decision below. “Why it was taken” appears only when the majority opinion says lower courts disagreed or were unsure about the question; reasons that would fit any case (“to resolve the question presented”, “an important question”) are left out.

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The law at issue

The law the Court was asked to apply, and the kind of power it used to decide.

Provision
Affordable Care Act
Kind of law
Infrequently litigated statutes
Decided by
Statutory construction; Judicial review (national level)
Data notes

The Supreme Court Database codes the main constitutional provision, statute or court rule each case turned on, and the basis of the decision: judicial review of a federal or state law, interpreting a statute, supervising the lower courts, and so on. A case can rest on more than one. “Overruled” counts only where the majority opinion says so.

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Timeline

What happened at the Court and how the case got there, newest first.

  1. Jul 8, 2020DecidedDecided · Decided 7–2: reversed and remanded. Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home won.
  2. May 6, 2020ArguedArgued · Oral argument before the Court.
  3. Not datedTaken upTaken up · The Supreme Court agreed to hear the case (certiorari).
  4. Not datedCourt belowCourt below · Decided by the U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit: affirmed.
  5. Not datedBeganBegan · The case began in the Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court.
Data notes

From the Supreme Court Database: the court the case began in, the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed and what that court did, how the case came to the Court, and the dates of argument and decision. The database does not date the steps in the lower courts. Court names are the database’s.

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  131. Andrew G. Nelson, Inc., v. United States et al.355 U.S. 554Mar 3, 1958 · 355 U.S. 554Judicial power8–18–1 band
  132. American Airlines, Inc., v. North American Airlines, Inc., et al.355 U.S. 465Feb 3, 1958 · 355 U.S. 465Judicial power8–18–1 band
  133. Moog Industries, Inc., v. Federal Trade Commission355 U.S. 411Jan 27, 1958 · 355 U.S. 411Judicial power8–0Unanimous band
  134. Conley et al.v. Gibson et al.355 U.S. 41Nov 18, 1957 · 355 U.S. 41Judicial power9–0Unanimous band

  135. Civil Aeronautics Board v. Hermann et al.353 U.S. 322May 6, 1957 · 353 U.S. 322Judicial power9–0Unanimous band
  136. Leedom et al., Members of the National Labor Relations Board v. International Union of Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers352 U.S. 145Dec 10, 1956 · 352 U.S. 145Judicial power9–0Unanimous band
  137. United States v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co.352 U.S. 77Dec 3, 1956 · 352 U.S. 77Judicial power6–18–1 band
  138. United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co. et al.352 U.S. 59Dec 3, 1956 · 352 U.S. 59Judicial power6–18–1 band
  139. Frozen Food Express v. United States et al.351 U.S. 40Apr 23, 1956 · 351 U.S. 40Judicial power8–18–1 band
  140. Secretary of Agriculture v. United States et al.350 U.S. 162Jan 9, 1956 · 350 U.S. 162Judicial power6–36–3 band
  141. Allen, Chairman, Twelfth Region Wage Stabilization Board, et al. v. Grand Central Aircraft Co.347 U.S. 535May 24, 1954 · 347 U.S. 535Judicial power9–0Unanimous band
  142. Federal Communications Commission v. Rca Communications, Inc.346 U.S. 86Jun 8, 1953 · 346 U.S. 86Judicial power6–18–1 band
  143. King et al., Constituting the Florida Railroad and Public Utilities Commission, v. United States et al.344 U.S. 254Dec 22, 1952 · 344 U.S. 254Judicial power6–36–3 band
  144. United States et al. v. L. A. Tucker Truck Lines, Inc.344 U.S. 33Nov 10, 1952 · 344 U.S. 33Judicial power7–27–2 band
  145. Federal Power Commission v. Idaho Power Co.344 U.S. 17Nov 10, 1952 · 344 U.S. 17Judicial power7–0Unanimous band
  146. Blackmar v. Guerre, Regional Manager, Veterans' Administration, et al.342 U.S. 512Mar 3, 1952 · 342 U.S. 512Judicial power8–18–1 band
  147. Brannan, Secretary of Agriculture, v. Stark et al.342 U.S. 451Mar 3, 1952 · 342 U.S. 451Judicial power4–36–3 band
  148. United States v. Wunderlich et al.342 U.S. 98Nov 26, 1951 · 342 U.S. 98Judicial power6–36–3 band
  149. Radio Corporation of America et al. v. United States et al.341 U.S. 412May 28, 1951 · 341 U.S. 412Judicial power9–0Unanimous band
  150. National Labor Relations Board v. Pittsburgh Steamship Co.340 U.S. 498Feb 26, 1951 · 340 U.S. 498Judicial power9–0Unanimous band
  151. Universal Camera Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board340 U.S. 474Feb 26, 1951 · 340 U.S. 474Judicial power7–27–2 band

  152. United States et al. v. Texas & Pacific Motor Transport Co.340 U.S. 450Feb 26, 1951 · 340 U.S. 450Judicial power5–45–4 band
  153. United States et al. v. Rock Island Motor Transit Co. et al.340 U.S. 419Feb 26, 1951 · 340 U.S. 419Judicial power5–45–4 band
  154. National Labor Relations Board v. Gullett Gin Co.340 U.S. 361Jan 15, 1951 · 340 U.S. 361Judicial power8–0Unanimous band
  155. Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co. et al. v. United States et al.340 U.S. 216Jan 2, 1951 · 340 U.S. 216Judicial power8–18–1 band
  156. National Labor Relations Board v. Pool Manufacturing Co.339 U.S. 577May 15, 1950 · 339 U.S. 577Judicial power7–27–2 band
  157. National Labor Relations Board v. Mexia Textile Mills, Inc.339 U.S. 563May 15, 1950 · 339 U.S. 563Judicial power7–27–2 band
  158. United States et al. v. United States Smelting Refining & Mining Co. et al.339 U.S. 186Mar 27, 1950 · 339 U.S. 186Judicial power6–18–1 band
  159. United States v. Morton Salt Co.338 U.S. 632Feb 6, 1950 · 338 U.S. 632Judicial power7–0Unanimous band
  160. Chapman, Secretary of the Interior, v. Sheridan-Wyoming Coal Co., Inc.338 U.S. 621Feb 6, 1950 · 338 U.S. 621Judicial power8–0Unanimous band
  161. Secretary of Agriculture v. Central Roig Refining Co. et al.338 U.S. 604Feb 6, 1950 · 338 U.S. 604Judicial power7–18–1 band
  162. United States v. Moorman et al., Doing Business As J. W. Moorman & Son338 U.S. 457Jan 9, 1950 · 338 U.S. 457Judicial power8–0Unanimous band
  163. United States v. Interstate Commerce Commission et al.337 U.S. 426Jun 20, 1949 · 337 U.S. 426Judicial power6–36–3 band
  164. Chicago & Southern Air Lines, Inc. v. Waterman Steamship Corp.333 U.S. 103Feb 9, 1948 · 333 U.S. 103Judicial power5–45–4 band
  165. Williams et al. v. Fanning, Postmaster of Los Angeles332 U.S. 490Dec 8, 1947 · 332 U.S. 490Judicial power7–27–2 band
  166. Patterson, Secretary of War, et al. v. Lamb329 U.S. 539Jan 20, 1947 · 329 U.S. 539Judicial power9–0Unanimous band
  167. Parker et al. v. Fleming, Temporary Controls Administrator329 U.S. 531Jan 20, 1947 · 329 U.S. 531Judicial power6–36–3 band
Data notes

Every other orally argued case with a clear vote, from the 1946 term on, that the Supreme Court Database files under the same issue as this one. The database gives each case one issue from a list of about 270 (abortion, search and seizure of vehicles, the death penalty, and so on), whatever law it turned on.

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Official record

Read the argument audio on Oyez and Wikipedia. Case data from the Supreme Court Database, Version 2026 Release 01, through the 2025 term.