A bill to improve judicial machinery by amending title 28, United States Code, to broaden and clarify the grounds for judicial disqualification.
Public Law 93-512 · S. 1064 · 93rd Congress · began in the Senate
Signed by Gerald Ford (R) on Dec 5, 1974 · Law
Sponsor: Sen. Quentin Burdick (D-ND)
Cosponsors (12): Sen. Alan Bible, Sen. Edward Gurney,
Passage votesYeaNay
- HouseRecorded vote: 317 yea, 31 nay317–31
- SenateMethod not stated
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
Establishes grounds for judicial disqualification and allows the acceptance of waiver of such disqualification in any case where a justice or judge of the United States has an interest, to include: specific stockholdings; any case where he has rendered legal service to a party with respect to any matter in controversy; any case in which he is or has been a material witness; any case in which he is connected with a party or attorney so as to create a conflict of interest; any case in which his participation will create an appearance of impropriety; and any other case in which, in his opinion, it would be improper for him to sit.
Defines those terms applicable to the Act.
Who voted for it
Every House member of the 93rd Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 316 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.
316 yea31 nay87 present or did not vote
Democrats who voted yea(182)
Rep. Pete StarkD-CA-8- Rep. Don EdwardsD-CA-9
- Rep. John MossD-CA-3
- Rep. Elizabeth HoltzmanD-NY-16
- Rep. Edward RoybalD-CA-30
- Rep. Phillip BurtonD-CA-5
- Rep. Herman BadilloD-NY-21
- Rep. Louis StokesD-OH-21
- Rep. Robert KastenmeierD-WI-2
- Rep. Parren MitchellD-MD-7
- Rep. John BurtonD-CA-6
- Rep. Gus HawkinsD-CA-21
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-19- Rep. Patricia SchroederD-CO-1
- Rep. Shirley ChisholmD-NY-12
- Rep. Ralph MetcalfeD-IL-1
- Rep. Andrew YoungD-GA-5
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16- Rep. Henry GonzálezD-TX-20
- Rep. Benjamin RosenthalD-NY-8
- Rep. Michael HarringtonD-MA-6
- Rep. Leo RyanD-CA-11
- Rep. Glenn AndersonD-CA-35
- Rep. Patsy MinkD-HI-2
- Rep. Barbara JordanD-TX-18
- Rep. George BrownD-CA-38
- Rep. Cardiss CollinsD-IL-7
- Rep. Frank ThompsonD-NJ-4
- Rep. Robert NixD-PA-2
- Rep. Floyd HicksD-WA-6
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-CA-31
- Rep. James O’HaraD-MI-12
- Rep. Lucien NedziD-MI-14
- Rep. William BarrettD-PA-1
- Rep. John DentD-PA-21
- Rep. Lloyd MeedsD-WA-2
- Rep. John BrademasD-IN-3
- Rep. Teno RoncalioD-WY
- Rep. George DanielsonD-CA-29
- Rep. Donald FraserD-MN-5
- Rep. Robert LeggettD-CA-4
- Rep. Jonathan BinghamD-NY-22
- Rep. Richard Vander VeenD-MI-5
- Rep. Robert DrinanD-MA-4
- Rep. William LehmanD-FL-13
- Rep. Dante FascellD-FL-15
- Rep. Robert TiernanD-RI-2
- Rep. Brock AdamsD-WA-7
- Rep. James BurkeD-MA-11
- Rep. Joshua EilbergD-PA-4
- Rep. Julia HansenD-WA-3
- Rep. Paul SarbanesD-MD-3
- Rep. Edward KochD-NY-18
- Rep. Spark MatsunagaD-HI-1
- Rep. James HowardD-NJ-3
- Rep. Joseph AddabboD-NY-7
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7- Rep. Thomas ReesD-CA-26
- Rep. William BurlisonD-MO-10
- Rep. Clarence LongD-MD-2
- Rep. Gerry StuddsD-MA-12
- Rep. Jerome TraxlerD-MI-8
- Rep. Frank DenholmD-SD-1
- Rep. Kenneth GrayD-IL-24
- Rep. John MelcherD-MT-2
- Rep. John BlatnikD-MN-8
- Rep. William GreenD-PA-3
- Rep. Thomas LukenD-OH-1
- Rep. Leslie AspinD-WI-1
- Rep. Mike McCormackD-WA-4
- Rep. Richard HannaD-CA-34
- Rep. John PatmanD-TX-1
- Rep. Harold JohnsonD-CA-2
- Rep. William HungateD-MO-9
- Rep. James WrightD-TX-12
- Rep. John McFallD-CA-15
- Rep. Fernand St. GermainD-RI-1
- Rep. Edward MezvinskyD-IA-1
- Rep. Harley StaggersD-WV-2
- Rep. Joseph EvinsD-TN-4
- Rep. Peter KyrosD-ME-1
- Rep. Charles VanikD-OH-22
- Rep. Charles WilsonD-TX-2
- Rep. Leonor SullivanD-MO-3
- Rep. Robert BerglandD-MN-7
- Rep. Joseph GaydosD-PA-20
- Rep. Thomas FoleyD-WA-5
- Rep. Charles PriceD-IL-23
- Rep. Bill AlexanderD-AR-1
- Rep. Bernice SiskD-CA-16
- Rep. Joseph KarthD-MN-4
- Rep. John KluczynskiD-IL-5
- Rep. Hugh CareyD-NY-15
- Rep. Gillis LongD-LA-8
- Rep. William MoorheadD-PA-14
- Rep. Kenneth HechlerD-WV-4
- Rep. Mario BiaggiD-NY-10
- Rep. Morgan MurphyD-IL-2
- Rep. Harold DonohueD-MA-3
- Rep. Dominick DanielsD-NJ-14
- Rep. Lionel Van DeerlinD-CA-41
- Rep. Abraham KazenD-TX-23
- Rep. Joseph VigoritoD-PA-24
- Rep. Lindy BoggsD-LA-2
- Rep. Martha GriffithsD-MI-17
- Rep. Robert MollohanD-WV-1
- Rep. Frederick RooneyD-PA-15
- Rep. Torbert MacdonaldD-MA-7
- Rep. Robert JonesD-AL-5
- Rep. Daniel FloodD-PA-11
- Rep. Carl PerkinsD-KY-7
- Rep. Edward PattenD-NJ-15
- Rep. Gus YatronD-PA-6
- Rep. Frank EvansD-CO-3
- Rep. James SymingtonD-MO-2
- Rep. John YoungD-TX-14
- Rep. Clement ZablockiD-WI-4
- Rep. Daniel RostenkowskiD-IL-8
- Rep. Frank ClarkD-PA-25
- Rep. William CotterD-CT-1
- Rep. Lester WolffD-NY-6
- Rep. John SlackD-WV-3
- Rep. Joseph MinishD-NJ-11
- Rep. Robert GiaimoD-CT-3
- Rep. William NatcherD-KY-2
- Rep. Thomas AshleyD-OH-9
- Rep. Thomas SteedD-OK-4
- Rep. Jake PickleD-TX-10
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12- Rep. James HanleyD-NY-32
- Rep. James DelaneyD-NY-9
- Rep. Jerry LittonD-MO-6
- Rep. Koln McKayD-UT-1
- Rep. Ray ThorntonD-AR-4
- Rep. Edward BolandD-MA-2
- Rep. Clem McSpaddenD-OK-2
- Rep. John BreauxD-LA-7
- Rep. George ShipleyD-IL-22
- Rep. John RoushD-IN-4
- Rep. Tom BevillD-AL-4
- Rep. Albert UllmanD-OR-2
- Rep. Richard WhiteD-TX-16
- Rep. Mendel DavisD-SC-1
- Rep. William RandallD-MO-4
- Rep. Ed JonesD-TN-7
- Rep. Williamson StuckeyD-GA-8
- Rep. William RoyD-KS-2
- Rep. Otis PikeD-NY-1
- Rep. Thaddeus DulskiD-NY-37
- Rep. Lunsford PreyerD-NC-6
- Rep. Olin TeagueD-TX-6
- Rep. Lee HamiltonD-IN-9
- Rep. James StantonD-OH-20
- Rep. Robert CaseyD-TX-22
- Rep. David HendersonD-NC-3
- Rep. Romano MazzoliD-KY-3
- Rep. Walter FlowersD-AL-7
- Rep. Samuel StrattonD-NY-28
- Rep. Bill GunterD-FL-5
- Rep. David BowenD-MS-2
- Rep. Thomas GettysD-SC-5
- Rep. Don FuquaD-FL-2
- Rep. George MahonD-TX-19
- Rep. Phillip LandrumD-GA-9
- Rep. Harold RunnelsD-NM-2
- Rep. Otto PassmanD-LA-5
- Rep. Roy TaylorD-NC-11
- Rep. William PoageD-TX-11
- Rep. Jack BrinkleyD-GA-3
- Rep. Robert SikesD-FL-1
- Rep. William NicholsD-AL-3
- Rep. Edith GreenD-OR-3
- Rep. Paul RogersD-FL-11
- Rep. Marvin MathisD-GA-2
- Rep. Charles BennettD-FL-3
- Rep. Thomas DowningD-VA-1
- Rep. James MannD-SC-4
- Rep. Dale MilfordD-TX-24
- Rep. James HaleyD-FL-8
- Rep. Goodloe ByronD-MD-6
- Rep. John FlyntD-GA-6
- Rep. Omar BurlesonD-TX-17
Republicans who voted yea(133)
- Rep. Charles WhalenR-OH-3
- Rep. Margaret HecklerR-MA-10
- Rep. Gilbert GudeR-MD-8
- Rep. Robert SteeleR-CT-2
- Rep. Peter PeyserR-NY-23
- Rep. Matthew RinaldoR-NJ-12
- Rep. Edward BiesterR-PA-8
- Rep. Joseph McDadeR-PA-10
- Rep. Silvio ConteR-MA-1
- Rep. John StantonR-OH-11
- Rep. Frank HortonR-NY-34
- Rep. Ronald SarasinR-CT-5
- Rep. Stewart McKinneyR-CT-4
- Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-26
- Rep. Charles MosherR-OH-13
- Rep. William WidnallR-NJ-7
- Rep. William CohenR-ME-2
- Rep. William WalshR-NY-33
- Rep. Wendell WyattR-OR-1
- Rep. Tim CarterR-KY-5
- Rep. Thomas RailsbackR-IL-19
- Rep. Marvin EschR-MI-2
- Rep. Charles SandmanR-NJ-2
- Rep. Hamilton FishR-NY-25
- Rep. Donald MitchellR-NY-31
- Rep. Henry HeinzR-PA-18
- Rep. Donald ClausenR-CA-1
- Rep. Robert CoughlinR-PA-13
- Rep. Donald BrotzmanR-CO-2
- Rep. Elwood HillisR-IN-5
- Rep. Charles ThoneR-NE-1
- Rep. John HammerschmidtR-AR-3
- Rep. Pierre du PontR-DE
- Rep. William HarshaR-OH-6
Rep. Don YoungR-AK- Rep. James AbdnorR-SD-2
- Rep. Garner ShriverR-KS-4
- Rep. John AndersonR-IL-16
- Rep. Tennyson GuyerR-OH-4
- Rep. Norman LentR-NY-4
- Rep. Lawrence WilliamsR-PA-7
- Rep. Orval HansenR-ID-2
- Rep. Guy Vander JagtR-MI-9
- Rep. John ZwachR-MN-6
- Rep. Lawrence HoganR-MD-5
- Rep. James ClevelandR-NH-2
- Rep. Dick ShoupR-MT-1
- Rep. Herbert BurkeR-FL-12
Rep. Thad CochranR-MS-4- Rep. Larry WinnR-KS-3
- Rep. George WhitehurstR-VA-2
- Rep. James HastingsR-NY-39
- Rep. James BroyhillR-NC-10
- Rep. James GroverR-NY-2
- Rep. Manuel LujánR-NM-1
- Rep. Alan SteelmanR-TX-5
- Rep. Louis FreyR-FL-9
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16- Rep. John MyersR-IN-7
Rep. Trent LottR-MS-5- Rep. John BuchananR-AL-6
- Rep. Samuel YoungR-IL-10
- Rep. Joel BroyhillR-VA-10
- Rep. Burt TalcottR-CA-12
- Rep. Edwin ForsytheR-NJ-6
- Rep. John DuncanR-TN-2
- Rep. Charles GubserR-CA-10
- Rep. Vinegar Bend MizellR-NC-5
- Rep. William BroomfieldR-MI-19
- Rep. Paul FindleyR-IL-20
- Rep. Victor VeyseyR-CA-43
- Rep. Elford CederbergR-MI-10
- Rep. James QuillenR-TN-1
- Rep. John HuntR-NJ-1
- Rep. Robert BaumanR-MD-1
- Rep. William BrayR-IN-6
- Rep. George O’BrienR-IL-17
- Rep. Charles ChamberlainR-MI-6
- Rep. John DellenbackR-OR-4
- Rep. John McCollisterR-NE-2
- Rep. Robert PriceR-TX-13
- Rep. Stanford ParrisR-VA-8
- Rep. John RhodesR-AZ-1
- Rep. Richard MallaryR-VT
- Rep. William FrenzelR-MN-3
- Rep. Robert HanrahanR-IL-3
- Rep. Floyd SpenceR-SC-2
- Rep. Robert McCloryR-IL-13
- Rep. William ScherleR-IA-5
- Rep. Alphonzo BellR-CA-28
- Rep. Andrew HinshawR-CA-39
- Rep. Robert DanielR-VA-4
- Rep. Harold FroehlichR-WI-8
- Rep. Clair BurgenerR-CA-42
- Rep. Earl RuthR-NC-8
- Rep. Robert McEwenR-NY-30
- Rep. William DickinsonR-AL-2
- Rep. Ancher NelsenR-MN-2
- Rep. Edward YoungR-SC-6
- Rep. Jack KempR-NY-38
- Rep. John ErlenbornR-IL-14
- Rep. John WydlerR-NY-5
- Rep. James MartinR-NC-9
- Rep. William SteigerR-WI-6
- Rep. Leslie ArendsR-IL-15
- Rep. LaMar BakerR-TN-3
- Rep. Marion SnyderR-KY-4
- Rep. Carlos MoorheadR-CA-20
- Rep. James RobinsonR-VA-7
- Rep. Chalmers WylieR-OH-15
- Rep. Skip BafalisR-FL-10
- Rep. Harold CollierR-IL-6
- Rep. John CampR-OK-6
- Rep. David MartinR-NE-3
- Rep. Donald ClancyR-OH-2
- Rep. Clarence MillerR-OH-10
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-6- Rep. William KetchumR-CA-36
- Rep. David TreenR-LA-3
- Rep. William ArmstrongR-CO-5
- Rep. Edward HutchinsonR-MI-4
- Rep. Barber ConableR-NY-35
- Rep. Walter PowellR-OH-8
- Rep. Herman SchneebeliR-PA-17
- Rep. Charles WigginsR-CA-25
- Rep. Craig HosmerR-CA-32
- Rep. Robert HuberR-MI-18
- Rep. Bud ShusterR-PA-9
- Rep. Bill ArcherR-TX-7
- Rep. John ConlanR-AZ-4
- Rep. James CollinsR-TX-3
- Rep. Steven SymmsR-ID-1
- Rep. Harold GrossR-IA-3
Data notes
The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 1004 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. 1 yea vote was cast by members of neither major party and is highlighted on the compass but not listed. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 11 actions.
- Dec 5, 1974Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- PresidentPresident · Public law 93-512.
- Nov 25, 1974PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
- Nov 21, 1974Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to House amendments.
- Nov 18, 1974FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #628 (317-31).House roll call 628
- Oct 9, 1974CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Judiciary Committee
- Oct 9, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Judiciary Committee
- Oct 4, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended.
- Oct 3, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Judiciary Committee
- Mar 1, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Judiciary Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.