A bill to amend title 39, United States Code, to clarify the proper use of the franking privilege by Members of Congress, and for other purposes.
Public Law 93-191 · H.R. 3180 · 93rd Congress · began in the House
Signed by Richard Nixon (R) on Dec 18, 1973 · Congress
Sponsor: Rep. Morris Udall (D-AZ-2)
Cosponsors (2): Rep. Thaddeus Dulski, Rep. David Henderson
Passage votes
- HouseMethod not stated
- SenateMethod not stated
Data notes
The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.
Summary
The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.
States that the privilege of sending mail as franked mail is established in order to assist in the conduct of the official business and activities of the Congress of the United States.
Declares it to be the intent of Congress that mail matter which is frankable by a Member of Congress includes, but is not limited to: (1) mail matter to any person and to all agencies and officials of Federal, State, and local governments regarding programs, decisions, and other related matters of public concern or public service; (2) congressional newsletters, reports, questionnaires, and press releases; (3) mail matter between his Washington and his office congressional district offices or between district offices; (4) mail matter expressing condolences or congratulations; (5) mail matter, including general mass mailings, which consist of Federal laws, regulations, or other publications; and (6) mail matter which consist of voter registration or election information. Includes in mail matter that is frankable specified biographical materials and pictures of the Member or Member-elect.
Expresses the intent of Congress that the franking privilege shall not permit the transmission of matter which is purely personal in nature. Excludes from franked mail: (1) laudatory articles of a Member on a purely personal basis rather than on the basis of performance of official duties; (2) greetings from the spouse or other members of the Member's family; (3) reports of how the Member or his family spends time other than in the performance of his official functions; (4) holiday greeting cards; (5) matter specifically soliciting political support or financial assistance; and (6) mass mailings within 28 days of an election.
Grants the franking privilege to the Vice President, each Member or Member-elect to Congress, the Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, and each of the elected officers of the House of Representatives, until the 1st day of April. Extends the privilege to individuals filling vacancies in the above offices.
States that the frankability of mail matter shall be determined by the type and content of the mail. Permits the cost of preparing frankable mail matter to be paid from any funds. Provides that the cost of postage shall not be considered as a contribution to, or expenditure by, the Vice President or Member for the purposes of determining any limitation on expenditures or contributions.
Authorizes Members of Congress to send as franked mail any part or reprint of the Congressional Record, including speeches or reports contained therein, if such matter is mailable as franked mail under the provisions of this Act.
Entitles a former President and his surviving spouse to send nonpolitical mail within the United States and its territories and possessions as franked mail. Amends 39 U.S.C. 3210, 3212, 3214, 3216, 3219
Establishes a House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards, composed of six Members of the House of Representatives, with the Chairman to be designated from the Members of the Post Office and Civil Service Committee.
Provides that the Commission shall provide assistance through advisory opinions or consultations and prescribe regulations concerning the franking privilege under the provisions of this Act.
Sets forth procedures for complaints for violations of the use of the franking privilege, including an investigation, hearing, and written decision by the Commission within 30 days after a hearing or the filing of a complaint if no hearing is held.
Authorizes the Commission to refer decisions on violations to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct for appropriate action and enforcement. Specifies that no court or administrative body shall have jurisdiction to entertain any civil action concerning franking privilege violations until such time as the Commission has rendered a decision.
States that the Senate Select Committee on Standards and Conduct shall provide guidance, through advisory opinions or consultations, in connection with the mailing of franked material under this Act. Directs the select committee, if there is reasonable justification, to conduct an investigation of any complaint filed regarding a violation of franking privileges.
Provides for a lump sum appropriation to the legislative branch to be paid to the Postal Service as postal revenue for matter mailed under the franking privilege. States that money collected for matter improperly mailed under the frank shall be deposited as miscellaneous receipts in the general fund of the Treasury.
Includes as franked mail any mailgram if it contains authorized matter under this Act.
Committees
The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.
Post Office and Civil Service Committee · House · referred to, reported by
Post Office and Civil Service Committee · Senate · referred to, reported by
Data notes
A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.
Timeline
From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 18 actions.
- Dec 18, 1973Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
- PresidentPresident · Public law 93-191.
- Dec 17, 1973PresidentPresident · Measure presented to President.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · House agreed to conference report.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in House: House agreed to conference report.
- Dec 11, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to conference report.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report agreed to in Senate: Senate agreed to conference report.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 93-712.
- Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference report filed: Conference report filed in House, H. Rept. 93-712.
- Dec 7, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in Senate.
- Oct 12, 1973Resolving differencesResolving differences · Conference scheduled in House.
- Oct 11, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed Senate, amended.
- Oct 10, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Reported by Senate Post Office and Civil Service Committee
- Apr 12, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Senate Post Office and Civil Service Committee
- Apr 11, 1973FloorFloor · Measure passed House, amended, roll call #85 (354-49).House roll call 85
- Mar 21, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Post Office and Civil Service Committee
- Jan 29, 1973CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Post Office and Civil Service Committee
- IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes
Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.
Official record
The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.