Congress · Laws

A bill to reaffirm the reference to one Nation under God in the Pledge of Allegiance.

Public Law 107-293 · S. 2690 · 107th Congress · began in the Senate

Signed by George W. Bush (R) on Nov 13, 2002 · Government Operations and Politics

Sponsor: Sen. Tim Hutchinson (R-AR)

Cosponsors (35): Sen. Jeff Sessions, Sen. Trent Lott,

Passage votesYeaNay

HouseRecorded vote: 401 yea, 5 nay401–5
SenateUnanimous consent

Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

Report a correction

Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Reaffirms: (1) the language of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, including the phrase "one Nation under God"; and (2) the national motto "In God we trust."

Modifies the manner in which the Pledge is to be delivered by stating that, when not in uniform, men should remove any non-religious headdress (currently, any headdress).

Who voted for it

Every House member of the 107th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 401 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

401 yea5 nay26 present or did not vote

Dimension 2

Economic left–right

More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(189)

Rep. Bob FilnerD-CA-50
Rep. Maxine WatersD-CA-35
Rep. John ConyersD-MI-14
Rep. Barbara LeeD-CA-9
Rep. John OlverD-MA-1
Rep. Maurice HincheyD-NY-26
Rep. George MillerD-CA-7
Rep. Peter DeFazioD-OR-4
Rep. Jan SchakowskyD-IL-9
Rep. Dennis KucinichD-OH-10
Rep. Michael CapuanoD-MA-8
Rep. Donald PayneD-NJ-10
Rep. Tammy BaldwinD-WI-2
Rep. Jim McGovernD-MA-3
Rep. James OberstarD-MN-8
Rep. Lynn WoolseyD-CA-6
Rep. Major OwensD-NY-11
Rep. John TierneyD-MA-6
Rep. Jesse JacksonD-IL-2
Rep. Bernie SandersD-VT
Rep. Martin SaboD-MN-5
Rep. Ed MarkeyD-MA-7
Rep. Louise SlaughterD-NY-28
Rep. Earl HilliardD-AL-7
Rep. Sherrod BrownD-OH-13
Rep. Tom UdallD-NM-3
Rep. David BoniorD-MI-10
Rep. Diana DeGetteD-CO-1
Rep. Bill DelahuntD-MA-10
Rep. Lloyd DoggettD-TX-10
Rep. Diane WatsonD-CA-32
Rep. Robert BradyD-PA-1
Rep. Nancy PelosiD-CA-8
Rep. Dave ObeyD-WI-7
Rep. Jerrold NadlerD-NY-8
Rep. William CoyneD-PA-14
Rep. Bennie ThompsonD-MS-2
Rep. Sam FarrD-CA-17
Rep. Danny DavisD-IL-7
Rep. Chaka FattahD-PA-2
Rep. Mark UdallD-CO-2
Rep. Xavier BecerraD-CA-30
Rep. Eva ClaytonD-NC-1
Rep. Lucille Roybal-AllardD-CA-33
Rep. Peter ViscloskyD-IN-1
Rep. Charlie RangelD-NY-15
Rep. Rush HoltD-NJ-12
Rep. Carolyn KilpatrickD-MI-15
Rep. Luis GutiérrezD-IL-4
Rep. Frank PalloneD-NJ-6
Rep. Eddie JohnsonD-TX-30
Rep. Bart StupakD-MI-1
Rep. Henry WaxmanD-CA-29
Rep. Sheila Jackson LeeD-TX-18
Rep. Dick GephardtD-MO-3
Rep. Michael McNultyD-NY-21
Rep. John DingellD-MI-16
Rep. Lynn RiversD-MI-13
Rep. Grace NapolitanoD-CA-34
Rep. Mike ThompsonD-CA-1
Rep. Lane EvansD-IL-17
Rep. Thomas BarrettD-WI-5
Rep. Bobby RushD-IL-1
Rep. Betty McCollumD-MN-4
Rep. Marty MeehanD-MA-5
Rep. Robert BorskiD-PA-3
Rep. Julia CarsonD-IN-10
Rep. José SerranoD-NY-16
Rep. Anthony WeinerD-NY-9
Rep. Brian BairdD-WA-3
Rep. John LaFalceD-NY-29
Rep. Elijah CummingsD-MD-7
Rep. Thomas SawyerD-OH-14
Rep. Gregory MeeksD-NY-6
Rep. Ted StricklandD-OH-6
Rep. Tom AllenD-ME-1
Rep. Corrine BrownD-FL-3
Rep. Marcy KapturD-OH-9
Rep. Juanita Millender-McDonaldD-CA-37
Rep. Howard BermanD-CA-26
Rep. Rosa DeLauroD-CT-3
Rep. Loretta SanchezD-CA-46
Rep. Zoe LofgrenD-CA-16
Rep. Stephen LynchD-MA-9
Rep. Jim ClyburnD-SC-6
Rep. Nita LoweyD-NY-18
Rep. Robert MatsuiD-CA-5
Rep. William JeffersonD-LA-2
Rep. David WuD-OR-1
Rep. Tom LantosD-CA-12
Rep. Anna EshooD-CA-14
Rep. Ed PastorD-AZ-2
Rep. Jay InsleeD-WA-1
Rep. Jerry KleczkaD-WI-4
Rep. Patrick KennedyD-RI-1
Rep. Karen McCarthyD-MO-5
Rep. Sander LevinD-MI-12
Rep. Ciro RodriguezD-TX-28
Rep. Bob MenendezD-NJ-13
Rep. Brad ShermanD-CA-24
Rep. Jim LangevinD-RI-2
Rep. Robert WexlerD-FL-19
Rep. Joe CrowleyD-NY-7
Rep. Carolyn MaloneyD-NY-14
Rep. John LarsonD-CT-1
Rep. Rick LarsenD-WA-2
Rep. Lois CappsD-CA-22
Rep. John BaldacciD-ME-2
Rep. Charlie GonzalezD-TX-20
Rep. Eliot EngelD-NY-17
Rep. Peter DeutschD-FL-20
Rep. Neil AbercrombieD-HI-1
Rep. Joseph HoeffelD-PA-13
Rep. Rob AndrewsD-NJ-1
Rep. Bill PascrellD-NJ-8
Rep. David PriceD-NC-4
Rep. Joe BacaD-CA-42
Rep. Albert WynnD-MD-4
Rep. Steven RothmanD-NJ-9
Rep. Dale KildeeD-MI-9
Rep. Susan DavisD-CA-49
Rep. William LutherD-MN-6
Rep. Karen ThurmanD-FL-5
Rep. Jerry CostelloD-IL-12
Rep. Shelley BerkleyD-NV-1
Rep. Steny HoyerD-MD-5
Rep. Nick RahallD-WV-3
Rep. Benjamin CardinD-MD-3
Rep. Darlene HooleyD-OR-5
Rep. Gene GreenD-TX-29
Rep. Harold FordD-TN-9
Rep. Dennis MooreD-KS-3
Rep. Nick LampsonD-TX-9
Rep. Martin FrostD-TX-24
Rep. Rod BlagojevichD-IL-5
Rep. Ron KindD-WI-3
Rep. Bob EtheridgeD-NC-2
Rep. Rubén HinojosaD-TX-15
Rep. Adam SchiffD-CA-27
Rep. John SprattD-SC-5
Rep. Norm DicksD-WA-6
Rep. Silvestre ReyesD-TX-16
Rep. Ellen TauscherD-CA-10
Rep. Max SandlinD-TX-1
Rep. Michael DoyleD-PA-18
Rep. Jim MoranD-VA-8
Rep. Ken BentsenD-TX-25
Rep. Rick BoucherD-VA-9
Rep. Carolyn McCarthyD-NY-4
Rep. Gary ConditD-CA-18
Rep. Steve IsraelD-NY-2
Rep. Jane HarmanD-CA-36
Rep. Jim DavisD-FL-11
Rep. Adam SmithD-WA-9
Rep. Earl PomeroyD-ND
Rep. Marion BerryD-AR-1
Rep. Leonard BoswellD-IA-3
Rep. Vic SnyderD-AR-2
Rep. Baron HillD-IN-9
Rep. Sanford BishopD-GA-2
Rep. Alan MollohanD-WV-1
Rep. Solomon OrtizD-TX-27
Rep. Chet EdwardsD-TX-11
Rep. James MaloneyD-CT-5
Rep. Timothy RoemerD-IN-3
Rep. Robert ClementD-TN-5
Rep. Brad CarsonD-OK-2
Rep. John TannerD-TN-8
Rep. Allen BoydD-FL-2
Rep. Jim MathesonD-UT-2
Rep. Mike McIntyreD-NC-7
Rep. John MurthaD-PA-12
Rep. Mike RossD-AR-4
Rep. Jim TurnerD-TX-2
Rep. Cal DooleyD-CA-20
Rep. Bart GordonD-TN-6
Rep. Tim HoldenD-PA-6
Rep. Collin PetersonD-MN-7
Rep. Ike SkeltonD-MO-4
Rep. David PhelpsD-IL-19
Rep. William LipinskiD-IL-3
Rep. Gene TaylorD-MS-5
Rep. James BarciaD-MI-5
Rep. Charlie StenholmD-TX-17
Rep. Chris JohnD-LA-7
Rep. Ronnie ShowsD-MS-4
Rep. Bud CramerD-AL-5
Rep. Ken LucasD-KY-4
Rep. Ralph HallD-TX-4

Republicans who voted yea(211)

Rep. Constance MorellaR-MD-8
Rep. Jim LeachR-IA-1
Rep. Benjamin GilmanR-NY-20
Rep. Nancy JohnsonR-CT-6
Rep. Sherry BoehlertR-NY-23
Rep. Michael CastleR-DE
Rep. Stephen HornR-CA-38
Rep. Greg GanskeR-IA-4
Rep. Frank LoBiondoR-NJ-2
Rep. Jack QuinnR-NY-30
Rep. Timothy JohnsonR-IL-15
Rep. Rob SimmonsR-CT-2
Rep. John ThuneR-SD
Rep. Steven LaTouretteR-OH-19
Rep. Amo HoughtonR-NY-31
Rep. John McHughR-NY-24
Rep. Doug OseR-CA-3
Rep. Shelley CapitoR-WV-2
Rep. Doug BereuterR-NE-1
Rep. Jim WalshR-NY-25
Rep. Felix GrucciR-NY-1
Rep. Heather WilsonR-NM-1
Rep. Chris SmithR-NJ-4
Rep. Christopher ShaysR-CT-4
Rep. Todd PlattsR-PA-19
Rep. Mark KirkR-IL-10
Rep. Frank WolfR-VA-10
Rep. John SweeneyR-NY-22
Rep. Mark FoleyR-FL-16
Rep. Jim GreenwoodR-PA-8
Rep. Jim SaxtonR-NJ-3
Rep. Sue KellyR-NY-19
Rep. Ileana Ros-LehtinenR-FL-18
Rep. Tom OsborneR-NE-3
Rep. Ray LaHoodR-IL-18
Rep. Lindsey GrahamR-SC-3
Rep. Phil EnglishR-PA-21
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-BalartR-FL-21
Rep. Mary Bono MackR-CA-44
Rep. Ralph RegulaR-OH-16
Rep. Jo Ann EmersonR-MO-8
Rep. Wayne GilchrestR-MD-1
Rep. Pete KingR-NY-3
Rep. Robert EhrlichR-MD-2
Rep. Fred UptonR-MI-6
Rep. Paul GillmorR-OH-5
Rep. Hal RogersR-KY-5
Rep. Ernie FletcherR-KY-6
Rep. Rodney FrelinghuysenR-NJ-11
Rep. Clay ShawR-FL-22
Rep. George GekasR-PA-17
Rep. Charlie BassR-NH-2
Rep. Joseph SkeenR-NM-2
Rep. Tom LathamR-IA-5
Rep. Zach WampR-TN-3
Rep. Anne NorthupR-KY-3
Rep. Bob NeyR-OH-18
Rep. Kay GrangerR-TX-12
Rep. Dave HobsonR-OH-7
Rep. Greg WaldenR-OR-2
Rep. Denny RehbergR-MT
Rep. Duke CunninghamR-CA-51
Rep. Tom DavisR-VA-11
Rep. W. Bill YoungR-FL-10
Rep. Bill ThomasR-CA-21
Rep. Deborah PryceR-OH-15
Rep. Judy BiggertR-IL-13
Rep. John ShimkusR-IL-20
Rep. Thomas ReynoldsR-NY-27
Rep. Ed WhitfieldR-KY-1
Rep. Vernon EhlersR-MI-3
Rep. Johnny IsaksonR-GA-6
Rep. Ken CalvertR-CA-43
Rep. Elton GalleglyR-CA-23
Rep. Buck McKeonR-CA-25
Rep. Joe KnollenbergR-MI-11
Rep. H. CallahanR-AL-1
Rep. Don SherwoodR-PA-10
Rep. John PetersonR-PA-5
Rep. Kenny HulshofR-MO-9
Rep. Jim KolbeR-AZ-5
Rep. Steve BuyerR-IN-5
Rep. Jim NussleR-IA-2
Rep. Jennifer DunnR-WA-8
Rep. Lamar SmithR-TX-21
Rep. John BoozmanR-AR-3
Rep. Dave CampR-MI-4
Rep. Mike SimpsonR-ID-2
Rep. Spencer BachusR-AL-6
Rep. Ander CrenshawR-FL-4
Rep. Jerry WellerR-IL-11
Rep. Vito FossellaR-NY-13
Rep. Henry BrownR-SC-1
Rep. Darrell IssaR-CA-48
Rep. Melissa HartR-PA-4
Rep. George NethercuttR-WA-5
Rep. Henry HydeR-IL-6
Rep. David DreierR-CA-28
Rep. Richard BakerR-LA-6
Rep. Billy TauzinR-LA-3
Rep. Robin HayesR-NC-8
Rep. Cass BallengerR-NC-10
Rep. Don YoungR-AK
Rep. Michael OxleyR-OH-4
Rep. Saxby ChamblissR-GA-8
Rep. Wes WatkinsR-OK-3
Rep. Mike RogersR-MI-8
Rep. Bill JenkinsR-TN-1
Rep. John BoehnerR-OH-8
Rep. Jim McCreryR-LA-4
Rep. Frank LucasR-OK-6
Rep. Bill ShusterR-PA-9
Rep. Richard BurrR-NC-5
Rep. J.C. WattsR-OK-4
Rep. Chip PickeringR-MS-3
Rep. Roger WickerR-MS-1
Rep. Porter GossR-FL-14
Rep. Ron LewisR-KY-2
Rep. John MicaR-FL-7
Rep. Rob PortmanR-OH-2
Rep. Doc HastingsR-WA-4
Rep. Robert AderholtR-AL-4
Rep. Ed SchrockR-VA-2
Rep. Sam GravesR-MO-6
Rep. Lee TerryR-NE-2
Rep. Adam PutnamR-FL-12
Rep. Duncan HunterR-CA-52
Rep. James HansenR-UT-1
Rep. George RadanovichR-CA-19
Rep. Henry BonillaR-TX-23
Rep. Larry CombestR-TX-19
Rep. Bob RileyR-AL-3
Rep. Ed BryantR-TN-7
Rep. Randy ForbesR-VA-4
Rep. Dan MillerR-FL-13
Rep. John LinderR-GA-11
Rep. Mark SouderR-IN-4
Rep. Roy BluntR-MO-7
Rep. Pat TiberiR-OH-12
Rep. John SullivanR-OK-1
Rep. Gil GutknechtR-MN-1
Rep. David VitterR-LA-1
Rep. Kevin BradyR-TX-8
Rep. Scott McInnisR-CO-3
Rep. Joe WilsonR-SC-2
Rep. Jo Ann DavisR-VA-1
Rep. Todd TiahrtR-KS-4
Rep. Terry EverettR-AL-2
Rep. Ric KellerR-FL-8
Rep. Jim GibbonsR-NV-2
Rep. Nathan DealR-GA-9
Rep. Jerry MoranR-KS-1
Rep. Mac ThornberryR-TX-13
Rep. Charlie NorwoodR-GA-10
Rep. Charles TaylorR-NC-11
Rep. Jack KingstonR-GA-1
Rep. Donald ManzulloR-IL-16
Rep. Paul RyanR-WI-1
Rep. Mark GreenR-WI-8
Rep. Gary MillerR-CA-41
Rep. Richard ArmeyR-TX-26
Rep. Dan BurtonR-IN-6
Rep. Richard PomboR-CA-11
Rep. Nick SmithR-MI-7
Rep. John DoolittleR-CA-4
Rep. Joe BartonR-TX-6
Rep. Eric CantorR-VA-7
Rep. Sue MyrickR-NC-9
Rep. Tom PetriR-WI-6
Rep. Chris CannonR-UT-3
Rep. Tom DeLayR-TX-22
Rep. Wally HergerR-CA-2
Rep. Barbara CubinR-WY
Rep. Pete HoekstraR-MI-2
Rep. J.D. HayworthR-AZ-6
Rep. Roscoe BartlettR-MD-6
Rep. Christopher CoxR-CA-47
Rep. Dave WeldonR-FL-15
Rep. Mark KennedyR-MN-2
Rep. Mac CollinsR-GA-3
Rep. Jim DeMintR-SC-4
Rep. Bob GoodlatteR-VA-6
Rep. Pete SessionsR-TX-5
Rep. Jim RamstadR-MN-3
Rep. Jeff MillerR-FL-1
Rep. Joseph PittsR-PA-16
Rep. Howard CobleR-NC-6
Rep. Sam JohnsonR-TX-3
Rep. Steve ChabotR-OH-1
Rep. Jim RyunR-KS-2
Rep. Butch OtterR-ID-1
Rep. Bob BarrR-GA-7
Rep. John CulbersonR-TX-7
Rep. Cliff StearnsR-FL-6
Rep. Mike PenceR-IN-2
Rep. Todd AkinR-MO-2
Rep. Walter JonesR-NC-3
Rep. John ShadeggR-AZ-4
Rep. Dana RohrabacherR-CA-45
Rep. Pat ToomeyR-PA-15
Rep. Brian KernsR-IN-7
Rep. Jimmy DuncanR-TN-2
Rep. Phil CraneR-IL-8
Rep. Ed RoyceR-CA-39
Rep. James SensenbrennerR-WI-9
Rep. John HostettlerR-IN-8
Rep. Joel HefleyR-CO-5
Rep. Tom TancredoR-CO-6
Rep. Ron PaulR-TX-14
Rep. Bob SchafferR-CO-4
Rep. Jeff FlakeR-AZ-1

Data notes

The House’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 951 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. 1 yea vote was cast by members of neither major party and is highlighted on the compass but not listed. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

Report a correction

Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Judiciary Committee · House · markup by, referred to, reported bySubcommittee: Constitution and Limited Government Subcommittee

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

Report a correction

Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 15 actions.

Nov 13, 2002Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 107-293.
Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
Nov 4, 2002PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
Oct 17, 2002Resolving differencesResolving differences · Senate agreed to House amendment by Unanimous Consent.
Oct 8, 2002FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 401 - 5, 4 Present (Roll no. 445).House roll call 445
Oct 7, 2002FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
FloorFloor · Mr. Sensenbrenner moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
Sep 17, 2002CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Judiciary Committee
Sep 10, 2002CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Judiciary Committee
Aug 29, 2002CommitteeCommittee · Discharged from Constitution and Limited Government Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee
Jul 18, 2002CommitteeCommittee · Referred to Constitution and Limited Government Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee
Jun 28, 2002CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Judiciary Committee
Jun 27, 2002FloorFloor · Introduced in the Senate, read twice, considered, read the third time, and passed without amendment by Yea-Nay. 99 - 0. Record Vote Number: 166.Senate roll call 166
IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the Senate

Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

Report a correction

Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.