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Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996

Public Law 104-155 · H.R. 3525 · 104th Congress · began in the House

Signed by Bill Clinton (D) on Jul 3, 1996 · Crime and Law Enforcement

Sponsor: Rep. Henry Hyde (R-IL-6)

Cosponsors (94): Rep. John Conyers,

Passage votesYeaNay

  • HouseUnanimous consent
  • SenateRecorded vote: 98 yea, 0 nay98–0
Data notes

The final version of the law, as each chamber passed it. A chamber that passed it by voice vote or unanimous consent has no count. “Method not stated” means the record does not say how the chamber voted. Where the record has a member-by-member vote, the “Who voted for it” section shows who voted yea.

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Summary

The Congressional Research Service’s plain-language summary of what the law does.

Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 - Makes Federal criminal code prohibitions against, and penalties for, damaging religious property or obstructing any person's free exercise of religious beliefs applicable where the offense is in, or affects, interstate commerce. (Currently such provisions apply only where: (1) the defendant, in committing the offense, travels in interstate or foreign commerce or uses a facility or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce in interstate or foreign commerce; and (2) the loss exceeds $10,000.)

Prohibits intentionally defacing, damaging, or destroying religious real property (or attempting to do so) because of the race, color, or ethnic characteristics of any individual associated with such property.

Increases penalties for violations of such provisions where bodily injury to any person, including a public safety officer, results or where such acts include the use, or attempted or threatened use, of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire.

Includes within the definition of "religious real property" fixtures or religious objects contained within a place of religious worship.

Sets a seven-year statute of limitations for the prosecution, trial, or punishment of a person for any noncapital offense under such provisions.

Directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to make guaranteed loans to financial institutions in connection with loans made to assist certain tax exempt religious or other organizations that have been damaged by arson or terrorism. Authorizes the Secretary to use for such loan guarantees up to $5 million of the amounts made available for FY 1996 for the credit subsidy provided under the General Insurance Fund and the Special Risk Insurance Fund.

Amends the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 to include as "compensable crimes" under such Act crimes under this Act where victims suffer death or personal injury.

Authorizes appropriations to the Departments of the Treasury and Justice, including the Community Relations Service, to increase personnel to investigate, prevent, and respond to potential violations of this Act and Federal explosives prohibitions.

Reauthorizes the Hate Crimes Statistics Act.

Commends those individuals and entities that have responded with funds to assist in the rebuilding of places of worship that have been victimized by arson. Encourages the private sector to continue such efforts.

Who voted for it

Every senator of the 104th Congress on the ideology compass. Highlighted: the 98 who voted yea on final passage. Faded: everyone else, including those who voted nay, did not vote, or had not yet taken office.

98 yea0 nay2 present or did not vote

Dimension 2
Economic left–right
More liberalMore conservative

Democrats who voted yea(45)

  • Sen. Paul WellstoneD-MN
  • Sen. Barbara BoxerD-CA
  • Sen. Ted KennedyD-MA
  • Sen. Daniel AkakaD-HI
  • Sen. Paul SarbanesD-MD
  • Sen. Carl LevinD-MI
  • Sen. Russell FeingoldD-WI
  • Sen. Frank LautenbergD-NJ
  • Sen. Patty MurrayD-WA
  • Sen. Patrick LeahyD-VT
  • Sen. Tom DaschleD-SD
  • Sen. David PryorD-AR
  • Sen. Paul SimonD-IL
  • Sen. Ron WydenD-OR
  • Sen. Tom HarkinD-IA
  • Sen. Claiborne PellD-RI
  • Sen. Kent ConradD-ND
  • Sen. John KerryD-MA
  • Sen. Carol Moseley BraunD-IL
  • Sen. Byron DorganD-ND
  • Sen. Bill BradleyD-NJ
  • Sen. Jay RockefellerD-WV
  • Sen. Daniel MoynihanD-NY
  • Sen. Barbara MikulskiD-MD
  • Sen. Robert ByrdD-WV
  • Sen. Christopher DoddD-CT
  • Sen. John GlennD-OH
  • Sen. Daniel InouyeD-HI
  • Sen. Herb KohlD-WI
  • Sen. Jeff BingamanD-NM
  • Sen. Joseph BidenD-DE
  • Sen. Wendell FordD-KY
  • Sen. Richard BryanD-NV
  • Sen. Fritz HollingsD-SC
  • Sen. Bob GrahamD-FL
  • Sen. Dianne FeinsteinD-CA
  • Sen. Robert KerreyD-NE
  • Sen. Harry ReidD-NV
  • Sen. John JohnstonD-LA
  • Sen. John BreauxD-LA
  • Sen. Charles RobbD-VA
  • Sen. James ExonD-NE
  • Sen. Joseph LiebermanD-CT
  • Sen. Max BaucusD-MT
  • Sen. Samuel NunnD-GA

Republicans who voted yea(53)

  • Sen. Jim JeffordsR-VT
  • Sen. Arlen SpecterR-PA
  • Sen. William CohenR-ME
  • Sen. Olympia SnoweR-ME
  • Sen. John ChafeeR-RI
  • Sen. Mark HatfieldR-OR
  • Sen. Ben CampbellD-CO
  • Sen. Nancy KassebaumR-KS
  • Sen. Alan SimpsonR-WY
  • Sen. Alfonse D’AmatoR-NY
  • Sen. Ted StevensR-AK
  • Sen. Mike DeWineR-OH
  • Sen. Pete DomeniciR-NM
  • Sen. Slade GortonR-WA
  • Sen. William RothR-DE
  • Sen. Richard LugarR-IN
  • Sen. Kit BondR-MO
  • Sen. John WarnerR-VA
  • Sen. Robert BennettR-UT
  • Sen. Thad CochranR-MS
  • Sen. Larry PresslerR-SD
  • Sen. Spencer AbrahamR-MI
  • Sen. Chuck GrassleyR-IA
  • Sen. Bill FristR-TN
  • Sen. Rick SantorumR-PA
  • Sen. Orrin HatchR-UT
  • Sen. Conrad BurnsR-MT
  • Sen. Richard ShelbyR-AL
  • Sen. Frank MurkowskiR-AK
  • Sen. Mitch McConnellR-KY
  • Sen. Fred ThompsonR-TN
  • Sen. Judd GreggR-NH
  • Sen. Strom ThurmondR-SC
  • Sen. Kay HutchisonR-TX
  • Sen. Connie MackR-FL
  • Sen. Craig ThomasR-WY
  • Sen. Paul CoverdellR-GA
  • Sen. Daniel CoatsR-IN
  • Sen. Dirk KempthorneR-ID
  • Sen. Trent LottR-MS
  • Sen. Larry CraigR-ID
  • Sen. Sheila FrahmR-KS
  • Sen. John McCainR-AZ
  • Sen. Rod GramsR-MN
  • Sen. John AshcroftR-MO
  • Sen. Don NicklesR-OK
  • Sen. Hank BrownR-CO
  • Sen. Phil GrammR-TX
  • Sen. Jim InhofeR-OK
  • Sen. Jon KylR-AZ
  • Sen. Bob SmithR-NH
  • Sen. Jesse HelmsR-NC
  • Sen. Lauch FairclothR-NC
Data notes

The Senate’s recorded vote on the final version of the law (roll call 784 in Voteview), matched to the vote the record cites and checked against its totals. Positions are each member’s DW-NOMINATE score for that Congress, as on the Ideology page; left to right is more liberal to more conservative. Paired and announced yea votes count as yea. Lists follow the compass, most liberal first. A name links to a profile only for members of the current Congress. A law passed by voice vote or unanimous consent has no member list, and neither does a vote Voteview has not yet recorded.

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Committees

The committees the bill was sent to, and what each did with it.

Data notes

A committee links to its page only where it exists in the current Congress; older and renamed committees are named without a link.

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Timeline

From introduction to signing, newest first: the committees, the floor and the president. 16 actions.

  1. Jul 3, 1996Became lawBecame law · Became Public Law No: 104-155.
  2. Became lawBecame law · Signed by President.
  3. PresidentPresident · Presented to President.
  4. Jun 27, 1996Resolving differencesResolving differences · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  5. Resolving differencesResolving differences · On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to without objection.
  6. Resolving differencesResolving differences · Mr. Hyde asked unanimous consent that the House agree to the Senate amendment.
  7. Jun 26, 1996FloorFloor · Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 98-0. Record Vote No: 171.Senate roll call 171
  8. FloorFloor · Amendment SP 4341 agreed to in Senate by Voice Vote.
  9. Jun 18, 1996FloorFloor · Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  10. FloorFloor · On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays (2/3 required): 422 - 0 (Roll No. 248).House roll call 248
  11. FloorFloor · At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 5, rule I, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
  12. FloorFloor · Mr. Hyde moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
  13. Jun 17, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Reported by House Judiciary Committee
  14. Jun 11, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Markup by House Judiciary Committee
  15. May 23, 1996CommitteeCommittee · Referred to House Judiciary Committee
  16. IntroducedIntroduced · Introduced in the House
Data notes

Shows the introduction, each committee and subcommittee step the source dates (referral, hearings, markup, report, discharge), and the floor, conference, presidential and became-law steps. Calendar placements, messages between the chambers, amendments and committee report numbers are not shown for laws before the 108th Congress. Two entries the source lists twice are shown once.

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Official record

The bill’s full text and every action, including introduction and committee steps, are on Congress.gov. Data through Oct 7, 2026.