Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado
137 S. Ct. 855 · No. 15-606 · 2016 term · Roberts Court
Decided Mar 6, 2017 · argued Oct 11, 2016
Criminal procedure · Extra-legal jury influences: prejudicial statements or evidence
Majority opinion: Anthony Kennedy
The voteMajorityDissent
5–35 in the majority, 3 in dissent
3 dissents (6–3)
Reversed and remanded. Pena-Rodriguez won.
What this ruling means
Reversed and remanded: the Supreme Court overturned the decision of the Colorado Supreme Court and sent the case back to that court for further proceedings that follow the Supreme Court’s ruling.
Pena-Rodriguez was the petitioner, the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the case. “Won” means the Court gave that side the result it asked for.
From the Supreme Court Database. A justice who agreed with the result but not the reasoning counts in the majority.
Summary
The opening of the case’s Wikipedia article: what the case was about and what the Court held.
No summary is on file for this case. Search Wikipedia for it.
Data notes
The text is Wikipedia’s (CC BY-SA 4.0), matched to the case by its citation, docket number or name and year, and is not checked against the opinion. The site keeps the article’s opening section, ending on its last full sentence. The one-sentence summary under the title is the Decisions list’s: Wikipedia’s own ruling sentence, or, tagged “AI-written”, one Claude wrote from this opening.
How the justices voted
Each justice who took part, placed by their Martin–Quinn ideology score for the 2016 term. Filled: the 5 in the majority. Hollow: the 3 in dissent. Colour is the party of the president who appointed them.
Majority(5)
Anthony KennedyWrote the majority opinion
Sonia SotomayorJoined the majority
Ruth GinsburgJoined the majority
Elena KaganJoined the majority
Stephen BreyerJoined the majority
Dissent(3)
Samuel AlitoWrote a dissent
Clarence ThomasWrote a dissent
John RobertsJoined a dissent
Data notes
Each justice’s vote and what they wrote are from the justice-centered file of the Supreme Court Database. “Wrote a concurrence” means the justice sided with the majority and wrote separately; a justice who dissented in part is counted on the side they took overall. A justice who wrote nothing is listed as joining their side.
Positions are each justice’s Martin–Quinn score for the case’s term, the same scores as the Ideology page: negative is more liberal, positive more conservative. A score sums up a justice’s votes across the whole term, so it says where they usually sit, not why they voted as they did here. The median line is the Court’s median justice that term.
The parties
Who brought the case to the Court, who answered it, and how it got there.
- Petitioner
- Pena-RodriguezPerson convicted of crime
- Respondent
- ColoradoState (Colorado)
- Reached the Court by
- Certiorari (the Court chose to hear it)
Data notes
The names are the two sides of the case’s title. The description under each is the Supreme Court Database’s category for that party, in its own wording. The petitioner is the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the decision below. “Why it was taken” appears only when the majority opinion says lower courts disagreed or were unsure about the question; reasons that would fit any case (“to resolve the question presented”, “an important question”) are left out.
The law at issue
The law the Court was asked to apply, and the kind of power it used to decide.
- Provision
- Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury)
- Kind of law
- Constitutional Amendment
- Decided by
- Judicial review (state level)
Data notes
The Supreme Court Database codes the main constitutional provision, statute or court rule each case turned on, and the basis of the decision: judicial review of a federal or state law, interpreting a statute, supervising the lower courts, and so on. A case can rest on more than one. “Overruled” counts only where the majority opinion says so.
Timeline
What happened at the Court and how the case got there, newest first.
- Mar 6, 2017DecidedDecided · Decided 5–3: reversed and remanded. Pena-Rodriguez won.
- Oct 11, 2016ArguedArgued · Oral argument before the Court.
- Not datedTaken upTaken up · The Supreme Court agreed to hear the case (certiorari).
- Not datedCourt belowCourt below · Decided by the Colorado Supreme Court: affirmed, with a dissent.
- Not datedBeganBegan · The case began in the Colorado appellate court.
Data notes
From the Supreme Court Database: the court the case began in, the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed and what that court did, how the case came to the Court, and the dates of argument and decision. The database does not date the steps in the lower courts. Court names are the database’s.
Other decisions on the same issue
9 other argued cases since 1946 on extra-legal jury influences: prejudicial statements or evidence, newest first.
- Donnelly v. Dechristoforo416 U.S. 637May 13, 1974 · 416 U.S. 637Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
- Loper v. Beto, Corrections Director, et al.405 U.S. 473Mar 22, 1972 · 405 U.S. 473Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
- Giles et al. v. Maryland386 U.S. 66Feb 20, 1967 · 386 U.S. 66Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
- Miller v. Pate, Warden386 U.S. 1Feb 13, 1967 · 386 U.S. 1Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Napue v. Illinois360 U.S. 264Jun 15, 1959 · 360 U.S. 264Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Alcorta v. Texas355 U.S. 28Nov 12, 1957 · 355 U.S. 28Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
- Delli Paoli v. United States352 U.S. 232Jan 14, 1957 · 352 U.S. 232Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
- United States ex rel. Darcy v. Handy, Warden, et al.351 U.S. 454Jun 11, 1956 · 351 U.S. 454Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
- Costello v. United States350 U.S. 359Mar 5, 1956 · 350 U.S. 359Criminal procedure7–0Unanimous band
Data notes
Every other orally argued case with a clear vote, from the 1946 term on, that the Supreme Court Database files under the same issue as this one. The database gives each case one issue from a list of about 270 (abortion, search and seizure of vehicles, the death penalty, and so on), whatever law it turned on.
Official record
Read the argument audio on Oyez and Wikipedia. Case data from the Supreme Court Database, Version 2026 Release 01, through the 2025 term.