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Supreme Court · Decisions

Rutkin v. United States

343 U.S. 130 · No. 195 · 1951 term · Vinson Court

Decided Mar 24, 1952 · argued Dec 3, 1951

Criminal procedure · Statutory construction of criminal laws: internal revenue (cf

Majority opinion: Harold Burton

The voteMajorityDissent

5–45 in the majority, 4 in dissent

4 dissents (5–4)

Affirmed. Rutkin lost.

What this ruling means

Affirmed: the Supreme Court upheld the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, so it stands (sometimes with changes the Court made to it).

Rutkin was the petitioner, the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the case. “Lost” means the Court did not give that side the result it asked for.

From the Supreme Court Database. A justice who agreed with the result but not the reasoning counts in the majority.

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Summary

The opening of the case’s Wikipedia article: what the case was about and what the Court held.

Wikipedia has no article on this case, so there is no summary.

Data notes

The text is Wikipedia’s (CC BY-SA 4.0), matched to the case by its citation, docket number or name and year, and is not checked against the opinion. The site keeps the article’s opening section, ending on its last full sentence. The one-sentence summary under the title is the Decisions list’s: Wikipedia’s own ruling sentence, or, tagged “AI-written”, one Claude wrote from this opening.

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How the justices voted

Each justice who took part, placed by their Martin–Quinn ideology score for the 1951 term. Filled: the 5 in the majority. Hollow: the 4 in dissent. Colour is the party of the president who appointed them.

More liberalMore conservativeMedianDouglasBlackFrankfurterR. JacksonBurtonClarkReedMintonVinson

Majority(5)

Dissent(4)

Data notes

Each justice’s vote and what they wrote are from the justice-centered file of the Supreme Court Database. “Wrote a concurrence” means the justice sided with the majority and wrote separately; a justice who dissented in part is counted on the side they took overall. A justice who wrote nothing is listed as joining their side.

Positions are each justice’s Martin–Quinn score for the case’s term, the same scores as the Ideology page: negative is more liberal, positive more conservative. A score sums up a justice’s votes across the whole term, so it says where they usually sit, not why they voted as they did here. The median line is the Court’s median justice that term.

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The parties

Who brought the case to the Court, who answered it, and how it got there.

Petitioner
RutkinPerson accused, indicted, or suspected of crime
Respondent
United StatesUnited States
Reached the Court by
Certiorari (the Court chose to hear it)
Why it was taken
Lower courts appeared to disagree
Data notes

The names are the two sides of the case’s title. The description under each is the Supreme Court Database’s category for that party, in its own wording. The petitioner is the side that asked the Supreme Court to review the decision below. “Why it was taken” appears only when the majority opinion says lower courts disagreed or were unsure about the question; reasons that would fit any case (“to resolve the question presented”, “an important question”) are left out.

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The law at issue

The law the Court was asked to apply, and the kind of power it used to decide.

Provision
Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts
Kind of law
Federal Statute
Decided by
Statutory construction
Data notes

The Supreme Court Database codes the main constitutional provision, statute or court rule each case turned on, and the basis of the decision: judicial review of a federal or state law, interpreting a statute, supervising the lower courts, and so on. A case can rest on more than one. “Overruled” counts only where the majority opinion says so.

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Timeline

What happened at the Court and how the case got there, newest first.

  1. Mar 24, 1952DecidedDecided · Decided 5–4: affirmed. Rutkin lost.
  2. Dec 3, 1951ArguedArgued · Oral argument before the Court.
  3. Not datedTaken upTaken up · The Supreme Court agreed to hear the case (certiorari). Lower courts appeared to disagree.
  4. Not datedCourt belowCourt below · Decided by the U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit: affirmed, with a dissent.
  5. Not datedBeganBegan · The case began in the New Jersey U.S. District Court.
Data notes

From the Supreme Court Database: the court the case began in, the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed and what that court did, how the case came to the Court, and the dates of argument and decision. The database does not date the steps in the lower courts. Court names are the database’s.

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Other decisions on the same issue

17 other argued cases since 1946 on statutory construction of criminal laws: internal revenue (cf, newest first.

  1. Marinello v. United States138 S. Ct. 1101Mar 21, 2018 · 138 S. Ct. 1101Criminal procedure7–27–2 band

  2. Michael H. Boulware v. United States552 U.S. 421Mar 3, 2008 · 552 U.S. 421Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band

  3. Waldemar Ratzlaf and Loretta Ratzlaf v. United States510 U.S. 135Jan 11, 1994 · 510 U.S. 135Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
  4. John L. Cheek v. United States498 U.S. 192Jan 8, 1991 · 498 U.S. 192Criminal procedure6–27–2 band

  5. Standefer v. United States447 U.S. 10Jun 9, 1980 · 447 U.S. 10Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
  6. United States v. Habig et al.390 U.S. 222Mar 5, 1968 · 390 U.S. 222Criminal procedure8–0Unanimous band
  7. Lopez v. United States373 U.S. 427May 27, 1963 · 373 U.S. 427Criminal procedure6–36–3 band
  8. Ingram et al. v. United States360 U.S. 672Jun 29, 1959 · 360 U.S. 672Criminal procedure5–36–3 band
  9. Achilli v. United States353 U.S. 373May 27, 1957 · 353 U.S. 373Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
  10. Berra v. United States351 U.S. 131Apr 30, 1956 · 351 U.S. 131Criminal procedure7–27–2 band
  11. Smith v. United States348 U.S. 147Dec 6, 1954 · 348 U.S. 147Criminal procedure8–0Unanimous band
  12. Friedberg v. United States348 U.S. 142Dec 6, 1954 · 348 U.S. 142Criminal procedure8–0Unanimous band
  13. Holland et ux. v. United States348 U.S. 121Dec 6, 1954 · 348 U.S. 121Criminal procedure8–0Unanimous band
  14. United States v. Dixon347 U.S. 381Apr 5, 1954 · 347 U.S. 381Criminal procedure5–45–4 band
  15. United States v. Carroll345 U.S. 457Apr 27, 1953 · 345 U.S. 457Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
  16. United States v. Beacon Brass Co., Inc. et al.344 U.S. 43Nov 10, 1952 · 344 U.S. 43Criminal procedure8–18–1 band
  17. United States v. Sanchez et al.340 U.S. 42Nov 13, 1950 · 340 U.S. 42Criminal procedure9–0Unanimous band
Data notes

Every other orally argued case with a clear vote, from the 1946 term on, that the Supreme Court Database files under the same issue as this one. The database gives each case one issue from a list of about 270 (abortion, search and seizure of vehicles, the death penalty, and so on), whatever law it turned on.

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Official record

Read the full opinion on Justia. Case data from the Supreme Court Database, Version 2026 Release 01, through the 2025 term.